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Wildemberg LE, Henriques D, Elias PCL, Lima CHDA, Musolino NRDC, Camacho AHS, Faria O, Nazato D, Abucham J, Vilar L, Mota JI, Huayllas MKP, Chimelli L, de Castro M, Kasuki L, Gadelha MR. gsp Mutation Is Not a Molecular Biomarker of Long-Term Response to First-Generation Somatostatin Receptor Ligands in Acromegaly. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194857. [PMID: 34638340 PMCID: PMC8508484 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acromegaly treatment consists of surgical, medical, and radiation therapy. First-generation somatostatin receptor ligands are the mainstay of medical therapy, with approximately 40% disease control rate. Several parameters have been evaluated as predictors of response to these drugs, including mutations in the stimulatory G-protein α subunit (gsp mutation), which is still controversial. In this study, we aimed to evaluate in a large series of patients whether gsp mutation predicts long-term response to medical treatment and to characterize the gsp mutated population. The ability to predict response to medical therapy would help to choose a therapy that presents higher odds of controlling the disease, which ultimately would reduce treatment costs and disease morbi-mortality. Abstract Background: It is still controversial if activating mutations in the stimulatory G-protein α subunit (gsp mutation) are a biomarker of response to first generation somatostatin receptor ligands (fg-SRL) treatment in acromegaly. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether gsp mutation predicts long-term response to fg-SRL treatment and to characterize the phenotype of patients harboring gsp mutations. Methods: GNAS1 sequencing was performed by Sanger. SST2 and SST5 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time RT-PCR. The cytokeratin granulation pattern was evaluated by IHC. Biochemical control was defined as GH < 1.0 ng/mL and normal age-adjusted IGF-I levels. Results: gsp mutation was found in 54 out of 136 patients evaluated. Biochemical control with fg-SRL treatment was similar in gsp+ and gsp- patients (37% vs. 25%, p = 0.219). Tumors harboring gsp mutation were smaller (p = 0.035) and had a lower chance of invading cavernous sinuses (p = 0.001). SST5 protein (p = 0.047) and mRNA (p = 0.013) expression levels were higher in wild-type tumors. Conclusions: In this largest series available in the literature, we concluded that gsp is not a molecular biomarker of response to fg-SRL treatment in acromegaly. However, the importance of its negative association with cavernous sinus invasion and SST5 expression needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Eduardo Wildemberg
- Endocrine Unit and Neuroendocrinology Research Center, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (L.E.W.); (D.H.); (O.F.); (L.K.)
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil
| | - Daniel Henriques
- Endocrine Unit and Neuroendocrinology Research Center, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (L.E.W.); (D.H.); (O.F.); (L.K.)
| | - Paula C. L. Elias
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (P.C.L.E.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Carlos Henrique de A. Lima
- Neuropathology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil; (C.H.d.A.L.); (A.H.S.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Nina R. de Castro Musolino
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil;
| | - Aline Helen Silva Camacho
- Neuropathology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil; (C.H.d.A.L.); (A.H.S.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Olivia Faria
- Endocrine Unit and Neuroendocrinology Research Center, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (L.E.W.); (D.H.); (O.F.); (L.K.)
| | - Debora Nazato
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (D.N.); (J.A.)
| | - Julio Abucham
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (D.N.); (J.A.)
| | - Lucio Vilar
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil;
| | - Jose Italo Mota
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Fortaleza 60150-160, Brazil;
| | | | - Leila Chimelli
- Neuropathology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil; (C.H.d.A.L.); (A.H.S.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Margaret de Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (P.C.L.E.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Leandro Kasuki
- Endocrine Unit and Neuroendocrinology Research Center, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (L.E.W.); (D.H.); (O.F.); (L.K.)
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil
| | - Mônica R. Gadelha
- Endocrine Unit and Neuroendocrinology Research Center, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (L.E.W.); (D.H.); (O.F.); (L.K.)
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil
- Neuropathology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil; (C.H.d.A.L.); (A.H.S.C.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +55-21-3938-2111
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Scudder CJ, Mirczuk SM, Richardson KM, Crossley VJ, Regan JTC, Gostelow R, Forcada Y, Hazuchova K, Harrington N, McGonnell IM, Church DB, Kenny PJ, Korbonits M, Fowkes RC, Niessen SJM. Pituitary Pathology and Gene Expression in Acromegalic Cats. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:181-200. [PMID: 30620005 PMCID: PMC6316999 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of GH-secreting pituitary tumors in domestic cats (Felis catus) is 10-fold greater than in humans. The predominant inhibitory receptors of GH-secreting pituitary tumors are somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) and D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2). The expression of these receptors is associated with the response to somatostatin analog and dopamine agonist treatment in human patients with acromegaly. The aim of this study was to describe pathological features of pituitaries from domestic cats with acromegaly, pituitary receptor expression, and investigate correlates with clinical data, including pituitary volume, time since diagnosis of diabetes, insulin requirement, and serum IGF1 concentration. Loss of reticulin structure was identified in 15 of 21 pituitaries, of which 10 of 15 exhibited acinar hyperplasia. SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR5, and DRD2 mRNA were identified in the feline pituitary whereas SSTR3 and SSTR4 were not. Expression of SSTR1, SSTR2, and SSTR5 was greater in acromegalic cats compared with controls. A negative correlation was identified between DRD2 mRNA expression and pituitary volume. The loss of DRD2 expression should be investigated as a mechanism allowing the development of larger pituitary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Scudder
- Diabetic Remission Clinic, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
- Endocrine Signaling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha M Mirczuk
- Endocrine Signaling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen M Richardson
- Endocrine Signaling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J Crossley
- Endocrine Signaling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob T C Regan
- Endocrine Signaling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Gostelow
- Diabetic Remission Clinic, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Yaiza Forcada
- Diabetic Remission Clinic, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Hazuchova
- Diabetic Remission Clinic, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Norelene Harrington
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Imelda M McGonnell
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - David B Church
- Diabetic Remission Clinic, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Kenny
- Diabetic Remission Clinic, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
- SASH Vets, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Department of Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert C Fowkes
- Endocrine Signaling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stijn J M Niessen
- Diabetic Remission Clinic, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
- The Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
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3
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Venegas-Moreno E, Vazquez-Borrego MC, Dios E, Gros-Herguido N, Flores-Martinez A, Rivero-Cortés E, Madrazo-Atutxa A, Japón MA, Luque RM, Castaño JP, Cano DA, Soto-Moreno A. Association between dopamine and somatostatin receptor expression and pharmacological response to somatostatin analogues in acromegaly. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1640-1649. [PMID: 29266696 PMCID: PMC5824369 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder resulting from excessive growth hormone (GH) secretion frequently produced by pituitary adenomas and consequent increase in insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐I). Elevated GH and IGF‐I levels result in a wide range of somatic, cardiovascular, endocrine, metabolic and gastrointestinal morbidities. Somatostatin analogues (SSAs) form the basis of medical therapy for acromegaly and are currently used as first‐line treatment or as second‐line therapy in patients undergoing unsuccessful surgery. However, a considerable percentage of patients do not respond to SSAs treatment. Somatostatin receptors (SSTR1‐5) and dopamine receptors (DRD1‐5) subtypes play critical roles in the regulation of hormone secretion. These receptors are considered important pharmacological targets to inhibit hormone oversecretion. It has been proposed that decreased expression of SSTRs may be associated with poor response to SSAs. Here, we systematically examine SSTRs and DRDs expression in human somatotroph adenomas by quantitative PCR. We observed an association between the response to SSAs treatment and DRD4, DRD5, SSTR1 and SSTR2 expression. We also examined SSTR expression by immunohistochemistry and found that the immunohistochemical detection of SSTR2 in particular might be a good predictor of response to SSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Venegas-Moreno
- Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mari C Vazquez-Borrego
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Maimonides Institute For Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Elena Dios
- Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Noelia Gros-Herguido
- Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alvaro Flores-Martinez
- Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esther Rivero-Cortés
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Maimonides Institute For Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ainara Madrazo-Atutxa
- Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel A Japón
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Maimonides Institute For Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Maimonides Institute For Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - David A Cano
- Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alfonso Soto-Moreno
- Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Liu W, Xie L, He M, Shen M, Zhu J, Yang Y, Wang M, Hu J, Ye H, Li Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Z. Expression of Somatostatin Receptor 2 in Somatotropinoma Correlated with the Short-Term Efficacy of Somatostatin Analogues. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:9606985. [PMID: 28396686 PMCID: PMC5370518 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9606985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTRs) in pituitary growth hormone- (GH-) secreting adenomas may predict the response to somatostatin analogues (SSA). Our aim was to evaluate the value of the immunohistochemical (IHC) scores of 2 subtypes, SSTR2 and SSTR5, in predicting the short-term efficacy of SSA therapy in patients with active acromegaly. Ninety-three newly diagnosed acromegalic patients were included in our study. These patients were categorized into either a SSA-pretreated group (SA, n = 63) or a direct-surgery group (DS, n = 30), depending on whether or not presurgical SSA treatment was received. IHC analysis, using a 12-grade scoring system, with rabbit monoclonal antibodies against SSTR2 and SSTR5, was performed on all adenoma tissues. The reduction of GH, IGF-1, and tumor size after treatment with SSA for 3 months was measured. Compared with that in the DS group, SSTR2 expression was lower in the SA group. Additionally, in the SA group, SSTR2 expression was positively correlated with the reduction of IGF-1 and tumor volume. However, there was no correlation between the SSTR5 score and the efficacy of SSA. In conclusion, the protein expression of SSTR2, but not of SSTR5, is a valuable indicator in predicting biochemical and tumor size response to short-term SSA treatment in acromegalic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lina Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunshan Rehabilitation Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215314, China
| | - Min He
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Pituitary Tumor Center, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Hongying Ye
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Pituitary Tumor Center, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Pituitary Tumor Center, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Pituitary Tumor Center, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Pituitary Tumor Center, Shanghai 200040, China
- *Zhaoyun Zhang:
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Vieria Neto L, Wildemberg LE, Colli LM, Kasuki L, Marques NV, Moraes AB, Gasparetto EL, Takiya CM, Castro M, Gadelha MR. ZAC1 and SSTR2 are downregulated in non-functioning pituitary adenomas but not in somatotropinomas. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77406. [PMID: 24098585 PMCID: PMC3788723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are few data regarding ZAC1 expression in clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA). Because somatotropinomas and NFPA behave differently with respect to tumor shrinkage during somatostatin analogs (SA) therapy, we sought to compare the ZAC1 and somatostatin receptor (sstr) types 1, 2, 3 and 5 mRNA expression in these two pituitary adenoma subtypes and in normal human pituitaries. Methods ZAC1 and SSTR mRNA expression levels were evaluated using real-time RT-PCR (TaqMan) in 20 NFPA and compared with the expression levels in 23 somatotropinomas and five normal pituitaries. The NFPA invasiveness was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging with Hardy’s modified criteria. Ki-67 and p53 were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Results A total of 20 patients with NFPA [6 males, median age 56 years (range: 30-78)], 23 with acromegaly [12 males, median age 43 years (range: 24–57)] and five normal pituitaries [4 males, median age 48 years (range: 36–54)] were included. Four of the patients (20%) had Hardy’s grade 2 tumors; all of the others had Hardy’s grade 3 tumors. The Ki-67 median expression was 2.35 (range: 0.2–9.23), and only four of the tumors (20%) were positive for p53. The ZAC1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in NFPA than in somatotropinomas and in normal pituitaries (p<0.001 for both), as well as the SSTR2 (p=0.001 and 0.01, respectively). The SSTR3 expression was higher in the NFPA than in the somatotropinomas and in the normal pituitaries (p=0.03 and 0.02, respectively). No correlation was found between the ZAC1 mRNA expression and the tumor invasiveness, Ki-67 and p53. Conclusion ZAC1 and SSTR2 are underexpressed and SSTR3 is overexpressed in NFPA compared to those in somatotropinomas and in normal pituitaries, which might explain the lack of tumor shrinkage that is observed in response to commercially available SA therapy in patients with NFPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vieria Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Medical School and Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Endocrinology Unit, Federal Hospital of Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Wildemberg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Medical School and Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Machado Colli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Kasuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Medical School and Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nelma Veronica Marques
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Medical School and Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Barbosa Moraes
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Medical School and Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emerson L. Gasparetto
- Radiology Unit, Medical School and Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Margaret Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Roberto Gadelha
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Medical School and Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Mendes GA, Pereira-Lima JFS, Kohek MB, Trott G, Di Domenico M, Ferreira NP, Oliveira MDC. Prolactin gene expression in primary central nervous system tumors. J Negat Results Biomed 2013; 12:4. [PMID: 23317095 PMCID: PMC3552985 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5751-12-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone synthesized in both the pituitary gland and extrapituitary sites. It has been associated with the occurrence of neoplasms and, more recently, with central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms. The aim of this study was to evaluate prolactin expression in primary central nervous system tumors through quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IH). Results Patient mean age was 49.1 years (SD 15.43), and females accounted for 70% of the sample. The most frequent subtype of histological tumor was meningioma (61.5%), followed by glioblastoma (22.9%). Twenty cases (28.6%) showed prolactin expression by immunohistochemistry, most of them females (18 cases, 90%). Quantitative real-time PCR did not show any prolactin expression. Conclusions Despite the presence of prolactin expression by IH, the lack of its expression by quantitative real-time PCR indicates that its presence in primary tumors in CNS is not a reflex of local production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Alebrant Mendes
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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