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Guney C, Bal NB, Akar F. The impact of dietary fructose on gut permeability, microbiota, abdominal adiposity, insulin signaling and reproductive function. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18896. [PMID: 37636431 PMCID: PMC10447940 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive intake of fructose in the regular human diet could be related to global increases in metabolic disorders. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks, mostly consumed by children, adolescents, and young adults, are the main source of added fructose. Dietary high-fructose can increase intestinal permeability and circulatory endotoxin by changing the gut barrier function and microbial composition. Excess fructose transports to the liver and then triggers inflammation as well as de novo lipogenesis leading to hepatic steatosis. Fructose also induces fat deposition in adipose tissue by stimulating the expression of lipogenic genes, thus causing abdominal adiposity. Activation of the inflammatory pathway by fructose in target tissues is thought to contribute to the suppression of the insulin signaling pathway producing systemic insulin resistance. Moreover, there is some evidence that high intake of fructose negatively affects both male and female reproductive systems and may lead to infertility. This review addresses dietary high-fructose-induced deteriorations that are obvious, especially in gut permeability, microbiota, abdominal fat accumulation, insulin signaling, and reproductive function. The recognition of the detrimental effects of fructose and the development of relevant new public health policies are necessary in order to prevent diet-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatma Akar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Cannarella R, Giacone F, Mongioi' LM, Cimino L, Defeudis G, Mazzilli R, Calogero AE. Urogenital infections in patients with diabetes mellitus: Beyond the conventional aspects. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2020; 33:2058738419866582. [PMID: 32031031 PMCID: PMC6728654 DOI: 10.1177/2058738419866582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread disease in our country. Urogenital
infections, including urinary tract infections, vaginitis, balanitis,
balanoposthitis, and male accessory gland infections, show a higher risk of
occurrence in patients with DM that non-diabetic subjects. Both non-drug-related
and drug-related mechanisms are involved in their pathogenesis. These conditions
may impact on glucose control and islets function in DM and more likely develop
into adverse complications. A throughout microbial characterization, including
the drug-sensitivity test, is required for a proper management. To reduce the
risk of recurrence, combined treatment, including antibiotic, anti-inflammatory,
and fibrinolytic molecules, should be prescribed also to the sexual partner. The
choice of the antidiabetic drug to prescribe should take into consideration the
presence of urogenital infections. In conclusion, urogenital infections may more
likely lead to complication in diabetic than non-diabetic patients, affect
fertility and glucose control. Therefore, they need proper management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Giacone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura M Mongioi'
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Cimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Defeudis
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Mazzilli
- Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Zhao L, Pang A. Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on Semen Quality and Circulating Sex Hormones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:428. [PMID: 32849258 PMCID: PMC7431460 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies were controversial in the effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on semen quality and circulating sex hormones, and thus we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association. A systematic search was conducted in public databases to identify all relevant studies, and study-specific standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using a random-effects model. Finally, 11 studies were identified with a total of 1,731 MetS cases and 11,740 controls. Compared with the controls, MetS cases had a statistically significant decrease of sperm total count (SMD: -0.96, 95% CI: -1.58 to -0.31), sperm concentration (SMD: -1.13, 95% CI: -1.85 to -0.41), sperm normal morphology (SMD: -0.61, 95% CI: -1.01 to -0.21), sperm progressive motility (SMD: -0.58, 95% CI: -1.00 to -0.17), sperm vitality (SMD: -0.83, 95% CI: -1.11 to -0.54), circulating follicle-stimulating hormone (SMD: -0.87, 95% CI: -1.53 to -0.21), testosterone (SMD: -5.61, 95% CI: -10.90 to -0.31), and inhibin B (SMD: -2.42, 95% CI: -4.52 to -0.32), and a statistically significant increase of sperm DNA fragmentation (SMD: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.45 to 1.06) and mitochondrial membrane potential (SMD: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.49 to 1.28). No significant difference was found in semen volume, sperm total motility, circulating luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, prolactin and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) (P > 0.05). In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrated the effects of MetS on almost all the semen parameters and part of the circulating sex hormones, and MetS tended to be a risk factor for male infertility. Further larger-scale prospective designed studies were needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Aixia Pang
- Department of Urology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
- *Correspondence: Aixia Pang
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Vatannejad A, Tavilani H, Sadeghi MR, Karimi M, Lakpour N, Amanpour S, Shabani Nashtaei M, Doosti M. Evaluation of the NOX5 protein expression and oxidative stress in sperm from asthenozoospermic men compared to normozoospermic men. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:1181-1189. [PMID: 30963466 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5), the main isoform of NOX in spermatozoa, has been recognized as the main active generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion (O 2 -. ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). ROS have been shown to play important roles in many physiological and pathological conditions in spermatozoa. The present study aims to investigate the alterations of NOX5 protein expression and oxidative stress (OS) status in asthenozoospermic men compared to normozoospermic men. METHODS Semen samples were collected from 25 asthenozoospermic men and 28 normozoospermic men. In this study, NOX5 protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting. An OS status was evaluated by measuring of ROS (O 2 -. and H2O2), DNA damage and plasma membrane integrity in spermatozoa. RESULTS The protein expression of NOX5 (p < 0.0001) was remarkably higher in asthenozoospermic men in comparison to normozoospermic men. In addition, the percentages of intracellular O 2 -. (p < 0.0001), H2O2 (p < 0.0001) in viable spermatozoa, apoptotic sperm cells with altered plasma membrane (p < 0.001) and DNA damage (p = 0.001) were significantly increased in asthenozoospermic men compared to normozoospermic men. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence that the overexpression of NOX5 protein may induce excessive ROS production and oxidative stress damages to DNA and plasma membrane integrity in asthenozoospermic men.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vatannejad
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Tavilani
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - M R Sadeghi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Karimi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Lakpour
- Reproductive Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Amanpour
- Cancer Biology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Shabani Nashtaei
- Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Doosti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Poor Efficacy of L-Acetylcarnitine in the Treatment of Asthenozoospermia in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050585. [PMID: 31035375 PMCID: PMC6572264 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. In recent years, research has focused on the impact that diabetes mellitus (DM) has on male reproductive function. The available evidence has mainly considered type 2 DM (DM2). However, we have previously shown that type 1 DM (DM1) also affects male reproductive health. Given the efficacy of carnitine in the treatment of male infertility, a topic that merits further investigation is its role in the treatment of infertile patients with DM1. Aim. To investigate the efficacy of carnitines for the treatment of asthenozoospermia in DM1 patients. Methods. This was a two-arm single-blind, randomized control trial. The patients enrolled in this study were assigned to the group receiving L-acetylcarnitine (LAC) (1.5 g daily for 4 months) or to the group receiving LAC (same dosage) plus L-carnitine (LC) (2 g daily for 4 months). Serum-glycated hemoglobin levels did not differ significantly after either of the two treatments given. Administration of LAC plus LC showed greater efficacy on progressive sperm motility than single therapy (increase 14% vs. 1% after treatment, respectively). Discussion. The results of this study showed that the administration of LAC plus LC is more effective than the administration of LAC alone. The lower efficacy of LAC alone could be due to the lower overall administered dosage. Alternatively, a selective defect of carnitine transporters at an epididymal level could be hypothesized in patients with DM1. Further studies are needed to clarify this point.
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Condorelli RA, La Vignera S, Mongioì LM, Alamo A, Calogero AE. Diabetes Mellitus and Infertility: Different Pathophysiological Effects in Type 1 and Type 2 on Sperm Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:268. [PMID: 29887834 PMCID: PMC5980990 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the prevalence of sub-infertility in diabetic patients in childbearing age is known, the mechanisms by which diabetes mellitus (DM) causes male infertility are not completely explained. This detrimental effect is achieved with a variety of mechanisms that include pre-testicular, testicular, and post-testicular pathogenetic moments and can be different in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) patients because of type of diabetes, duration of disease, and glycemic metabolic compensation. Aim of this study was to evaluate whether diabetic disease can be considered a risk factor for infertility considering the etiopathogenetic differences between DM1 and DM2 on sperm function. We enrolled 38 DM1 patients and 55 DM2 patients with idiopathic infertility history >12 months, and 100 healthy fertile subjects. The following outcomes were evaluated in optical microscopy and flow cytometry: sperm function (by conventional and biofunctional sperm parameters) and signs of urogenital infection/inflammation (by sperm leukocyte concentrations and indices of oxidative stress). Moreover, an andrological evaluation (by didymo-epididymal ultrasound evaluation, serum total testosterone, LH, and FSH measurements) was performed in DM1 and DM2 patients compared to controls. Diabetic patients showed a higher risk of becoming infertile and the pathophysiological mechanisms of damage were different in DM1 and DM2. Conventional sperm parameters of diabetic patients are worse than controls (p < 0.05). The DM2 caused an inflammatory condition with increased oxidative stress resulting in decreased sperm vitality and increased sperm DNA fragmentation. DM1 altered epididymal voiding causing low ejaculate volume and mitochondrial damage resulting in decreased sperm motility. These findings and evidences support the contention that DM could be regarded as cause of male infertility suggesting that the prevention of diabetic disease in DM2 and the follow-up of seminal parameters in DM1 could prevent fertility decline in these categories of patients.
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Condorelli RA, Vicari E, Calogero AE, La Vignera S. Male accessory gland inflammation prevalence in type 2 diabetic patients with symptoms possibly reflecting autonomic neuropathy. Asian J Androl 2015; 16:761-6. [PMID: 24799635 PMCID: PMC4215658 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.125911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Male accessory gland inflammation or infection (MAGI) is a potentially underdiagnosed complication of type 2 diabetes (DM2); specifically, we reported in a recent study that the frequency of MAGI was 43% among DM2 patients. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) is associated with a peculiar ultrasound characterization of the seminal vesicles (SVs) in DM2 patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of MAGI in two different categories of DM2 patients (i.e. patients with and without symptoms that possibly reflect DAN) and the respective ultrasound characterizations. Sixty DM2 patients with a mean (± s.e.m.) age of 42.0 ± 6.0 years (range: 34-47 years) were classified according to the presence or the absence of symptoms that could possibly reflect DAN (group A: DM2 with symptoms possibly reflecting DAN, n = 28 patients and group B: DM2 without symptoms possibly reflecting DAN, n = 32 patients). The patients in Group A exhibited a significantly higher frequency of MAGI compared with those in group B patients (P < 0.05); moreover, the Group A patients exhibited a significantly higher frequency of ultrasound signs suggestive of vesiculitis (P < 0.05). Finally, the concentrations of lymphocytes but not the concentrations of the leukocytes in the semen were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in group A compared with group B.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Condorelli RA, Calogero AE, Vicari E, Favilla V, Cimino S, Russo GI, Morgia G, La Vignera S. Male accessory gland infection: relevance of serum total testosterone levels. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:915752. [PMID: 25276133 PMCID: PMC4172872 DOI: 10.1155/2014/915752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the present study was to evaluate the different ultrasound characterization of fertile symptomatic patients with MAGI (male accessory gland infection) according to different serum concentrations of total T (TT). We analyzed the ultrasound and hormonal data of 200 patients aged between 24.0 and 67.0 years. Patients were divided into six groups according to the sextile distribution of TT. Patients with serum concentrations of TT < 3.6 ng mL(-1) had a higher mean duration of symptoms compared to the other examined groups. Patients with serum concentrations of TT > 6.6 ng mL(-1) showed a frequency of ultrasound criteria suggestive for bilateral form of prostatitis and prostate-vesiculo-epididymitis and significantly lower compared to the other examined groups. At multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and BMI, TT was an independent predictive factor of prostatovesiculitis (OR = 0.818 [95% CI: 0.675-0.992]; P < 0.01) and prostate-vesiculo-epididymitis (OR = 0.714 [95% CI: 0.578-0.880]; P < 0.01), which represent the main forms of complicated MAGI. The results of this study suggest that male hypogonadism could be associated with a different ultrasound characterization of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Condorelli
- Section of Andrology, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A. E. Calogero
- Section of Andrology, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - E. Vicari
- Section of Andrology, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - V. Favilla
- Department of Urology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S. Cimino
- Department of Urology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G. I. Russo
- Department of Urology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G. Morgia
- Department of Urology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S. La Vignera
- Section of Andrology, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- *S. La Vignera:
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