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Kashiwada‐Nakamura K, Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Tanaka M, Yaguchi T, Kusaba Y, Miyashita A, Hayashi H, Fukushima S. Dermoscopic findings of sporotrichosis manifesting as a punched‐out ulcer. J Dermatol 2022; 49:e449-e450. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Kashiwada‐Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Noguchi
- Noguchi Dermatology Clinic Kumamoto Japan
- Ochanomizu Institute for Medical Mycology and Allergology Tokyo Japan
| | - Masataro Hiruma
- Ochanomizu Institute for Medical Mycology and Allergology Tokyo Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology Tokyo Women's Medical University Adachi Medical Center Tokyo Japan
| | - Takashi Yaguchi
- Division of Bio‐resources, Medical Mycology Research Center Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Yudo Kusaba
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Azusa Miyashita
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Kumamoto University Hospital Kumamoto Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
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2
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Mochizuki H, Anzawa K, Mochizuki T. Genotyping of intraspecies polymorphisms of Sporothrix globosa using partial sequence of mitochondrial DNA. J Dermatol 2021; 49:263-271. [PMID: 34796542 PMCID: PMC9298766 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) had been used for molecular identification of Sporothrix spp., which is the causative fungi of sporotrichosis and the most prevalent deep-seated dermatomycosis. Also, mtDNA-RFLP had been used to investigate the molecular epidemiology of sporotrichosis. While the current standard for molecular diagnosis is performed by sequence analysis of the calmodulin gene (CAL), correspondence between the results from CAL and mtDNA is of diagnostic and epidemiological interest. Here, we investigated the correspondence between CAL and mtDNA used for molecular identification of Sporothrix globosa and S. schenckii, which are two major species. We also investigated and propose molecular markers suitable to describe the epidemiology of S. globosa, which is considered as a species with few intraspecific polymorphisms. Eighty-seven strains morphologically identified as S. schenckii sensu lato were investigated. They were identified as group A (17 types, 17 strains) or B (14 types, 70 strains) by mtDNA-RFLP. Partial sequences of CAL, internal transcribed spacer, and spacer between atp9 and cox2 genes of mtDNA of these strains were determined. All group A strains corresponded to S. schenckii, and group B to S. globosa. The sequences of the amplicons targeted on the spacer region in mtDNA of S. globosa ranged 510-515 bp in length and exhibited 10 molecular variations, whereas CAL indicated seven molecular variations. In conclusion, most of the S. schenckii sensu lato strains isolated from Japanese sporotrichosis patients were confirmed as S. globosa, because group B, which comprised the majority of strains, matched perfectly with S. globosa by the CAL sequencing study. We proposed sequence variations in the spacer between atp9 and cox2 genes of mtDNA as a suitable molecular epidemiological marker for S. globosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazushi Anzawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Takashi Mochizuki
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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Molecular identification of Sporothrix species in a hyperendemic area in Peru. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:670-673. [PMID: 33865058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there have been no molecular typing studies to identify the Sporothrix species circulating in Abancay, a hyperendemic area of sporotrichosis in Peru. To identify six clinical isolates of the Sporothrix schenckii complex from Abancay, Peru, we used PCR-sequencing of the calmodulin gene, and a phylogenetic analysis was conducted with these and additional sequences from GenBank. All clinical isolates were identified as S. schenckii (sensu stricto). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the six clinical isolates from Abancay, Peru clustered in a clade along with sequences from Costa Rica, Iran, South Africa, and four other sequences from Peru. These findings reveal the presence of S. schenckii (sensu stricto) in Abancay, Peru.
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Kamal Azam NK, Selvarajah GT, Santhanam J, Abdul Razak MF, Ginsapu SJ, James JE, Suetrong S. Molecular epidemiology of Sporothrix schenkii isolates in Malaysia. Med Mycol 2021; 58:617-625. [PMID: 31642485 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix schenkii is a dimorphic fungus that causes infections in both humans and animals. We report on 25 S. schenkii isolates collected in 2017 from humans and cats clinically diagnosed with sporotrichosis, in Malaysia. These isolates were phenotypically identified as S. schenkii sensu lato and further defined as S. schenckii sensu stricto based on partial calmodulin gene sequence. Isolates from both humans and cats were genotypically identical but displayed phenotypic variation. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial calmodulin sequence showed that the Malaysian isolates clustered with global S. schenkii sensu stricto strains, in particular, of the AFLP type E. This analysis also revealed that partial calmodulin sequence alone was sufficient for classifying global S. schenckii sensu stricto strains into their respective AFLP types, from A to E. The genetically conserved S. schenkii sensu stricto species isolated from humans and cats is suggestive of a clonal strain present in Malaysia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on molecular identification of Sporothrix schenkii strains from human infections in Malaysia. Further studies are required in order to elucidate the clonal nature of Malaysian S. schenkii isolates. Our findings indicate the presence of a predominant S. schenkii genotype in the environment, causing infections in both cats and humans in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Khalisah Kamal Azam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Jacinta Santhanam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Jasper Elvin James
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Satinee Suetrong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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5
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Mochizuki T, Tsuboi R, Iozumi K, Ishizaki S, Ushigami T, Ogawa Y, Kaneko T, Kawai M, Kitami Y, Kusuhara M, Kono T, Sato T, Sato T, Shimoyama H, Takenaka M, Tanabe H, Tsuji G, Tsunemi Y, Hata Y, Harada K, Fukuda T, Matsuda T, Maruyama R. Guidelines for the management of dermatomycosis (2019). J Dermatol 2020; 47:1343-1373. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryoji Tsuboi
- Department of Dermatology Tokyo Medical University TokyoJapan
| | - Ken Iozumi
- Department of Dermatology Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital TokyoJapan
| | - Sumiko Ishizaki
- Department of Dermatology Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East TokyoJapan
| | | | - Yumi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology Juntendo University TokyoJapan
| | - Takehiko Kaneko
- Graduate School of Human Ecology Wayo Women’s University IchikawaJapan
| | - Masaaki Kawai
- Department of Dermatology Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital KoshigayaJapan
| | - Yuki Kitami
- Department of Dermatology Showa University TokyoJapan
| | | | - Takeshi Kono
- Department of Dermatology Nippon Medical School Chibahokusoh Hospital InzaiJapan
| | | | - Tomotaka Sato
- Department of Dermatology Teikyo University Medical Center IchiharaJapan
| | - Harunari Shimoyama
- Department of Dermatology Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital KawasakiJapan
| | - Motoi Takenaka
- Department of Dermatology Nagasaki University NagasakiJapan
| | | | - Gaku Tsuji
- Department of Dermatology Kyushu UniversityGraduate School of Medical Sciences FukuokaJapan
| | - Yuichiro Tsunemi
- Department of Dermatology Saitama Medical University MoroyamaJapan
| | - Yasuki Hata
- Kanagawa Hata Dermatology Clinic YokohamaJapan
| | | | - Tomoo Fukuda
- Department of Dermatology Saitama Medical Center KawagoeJapan
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6
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Rudramurthy SM, Shankarnarayan SA, Hemashetter BM, Verma S, Chauhan S, Nath R, Savio J, Capoor M, Kaur H, Ghosh AK, Chakrabarti A. Phenotypic and molecular characterisation of Sporothrix globosa of diverse origin from India. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 52:91-100. [PMID: 32734470 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is one of the neglected tropical diseases causing subcutaneous chronic granulomatous lesion by thermally dimorphic fungi belonging to Sporothrix species. Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix mexicana and Sporothrix globosa are the common pathogenic species. In Asian countries, S. globosa constitutes nearly 99.3% of all Sporothrix species. We studied 63 cases of sporotrichosis of geographically diverse origin from India and Sporothrix isolates were characterised for its growth in different media, temperatures, ability to assimilate sugars and antifungal susceptibility profile. Molecular characterization was performed by sequencing of the calmodulin (CAL), beta tubulin (BT) and translational elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α) and typing by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP). In patients who presented with fixed (49.2%), lymphocutaneous lesions (23.8%), in 26.9% the details were not known, none had systemic dissemination. All the isolates tested were Sporothrix globosa and that could grow up to 35 °C and unable to grow at and beyond 37 °C. The assimilation of sucrose, ribitol and raffinose helps in identifying S. globosa. Sequences of CAL or BT or TEF-1α can differentiate S. globosa from other species in the complex. FAFLP results exhibited low genetic diversity. No correlation was noted between genotypes and clinical presentation, or geographic distribution. Itraconazole, terbinafine and posaconazole showed good in vitro antifungal activity against S. globosa whereas fluconazole and micafungin had no activity. S. globosa of Indian origin is relatively less pathogenic than other pathogenic Sporothrix species as it does not cause systemic dissemination and in the diagnostic laboratory, incubation of the cultures below 37 °C is essential for effective isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shamanth A Shankarnarayan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Santwana Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Smriti Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Reema Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Jayanthi Savio
- Department of Microbiology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Malini Capoor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anup K Ghosh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.
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Hay R, Denning DW, Bonifaz A, Queiroz-Telles F, Beer K, Bustamante B, Chakrabarti A, Chavez-Lopez MDG, Chiller T, Cornet M, Estrada R, Estrada-Chavez G, Fahal A, Gomez BL, Li R, Mahabeer Y, Mosam A, Soavina Ramarozatovo L, Rakoto Andrianarivelo M, Rapelanoro Rabenja F, van de Sande W, Zijlstra EE. The Diagnosis of Fungal Neglected Tropical Diseases (Fungal NTDs) and the Role of Investigation and Laboratory Tests: An Expert Consensus Report. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:E122. [PMID: 31554262 PMCID: PMC6958312 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4040122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of fungal Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) is primarily based on initial visual recognition of a suspected case followed by confirmatory laboratory testing, which is often limited to specialized facilities. Although molecular and serodiagnostic tools have advanced, a substantial gap remains between the desirable and the practical in endemic settings. To explore this issue further, we conducted a survey of subject matter experts on the optimal diagnostic methods sufficient to initiate treatment in well-equipped versus basic healthcare settings, as well as optimal sampling methods, for three fungal NTDs: mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis, and sporotrichosis. A survey of 23 centres found consensus on the key role of semi-invasive sampling methods such as biopsy diagnosis as compared with swabs or impression smears, and on the importance of histopathology, direct microscopy, and culture for mycetoma and chromoblastomycosis confirmation in well-equipped laboratories. In basic healthcare settings, direct microscopy combined with clinical signs were reported to be the most useful diagnostic indicators to prompt referral for treatment. The survey identified that the diagnosis of sporotrichosis is the most problematic with poor sensitivity across the most widely available laboratory tests except fungal culture, highlighting the need to improve mycological diagnostic capacity and to develop innovative diagnostic solutions. Fungal microscopy and culture are now recognized as WHO essential diagnostic tests and better training in their application will help improve the situation. For mycetoma and sporotrichosis, in particular, advances in identifying specific marker antigens or genomic sequences may pave the way for new laboratory-based or point-of-care tests, although this is a formidable task given the large number of different organisms that can cause fungal NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick Hay
- The International Foundation for Dermatology, London W1T 5HQ, UK.
| | - David W Denning
- The Global Fund for Fungal Infections, 1208 Geneva, Switzerland, and the University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Alexandro Bonifaz
- Hospital General de México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", CP 06720, Mexico.
| | - Flavio Queiroz-Telles
- Department of Public Health, Hospital de Clinicas, Federal University of Parana, 80060-900 Curriba, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Karlyn Beer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Beatriz Bustamante
- Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Dermatology Department at the Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru.
| | | | | | - Tom Chiller
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Muriel Cornet
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, France.
| | - Roberto Estrada
- Community Dermatology Mexico C.A., Acapulco 39850, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | | | - Ahmed Fahal
- The Mycetoma Research Centre, Khartoum, Soba University Hospital, P.O. Box 102, Sudan.
| | - Beatriz L Gomez
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota 111211, Colombia.
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Peking University First Hospital, Research Centre for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Yesholata Mahabeer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Services and School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Berea, Durban 4001, South Africa.
| | - Anisa Mosam
- Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu Natal, Berea, Durban 4001, South Africa.
| | | | | | | | - Wendy van de Sande
- Erasmus MC, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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Rojas OC, Bonifaz A, Campos C, Treviño-Rangel RDJ, González-Álvarez R, González GM. Molecular Identification, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Geographic Origin of Clinical Strains of Sporothrix schenckii Complex in Mexico. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:jof4030086. [PMID: 30036959 PMCID: PMC6162654 DOI: 10.3390/jof4030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii complex. The disease has been reported worldwide. However, the incidence of the etiological agent varies in its geographic distribution. We studied 39 clinical isolates of Sporothrix schenckii from diverse regions in Mexico, collected from 1998 to 2016. Molecular identification was performed by sequence analysis of the partial calmodulin gene. In vitro antifungal susceptibility to amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VRC), posaconazole (PSC), fluconazole (FLC), terbinafine (TRB), caspofungin (CSF), anidulafungin (ANF), and micafungin (MCF) was evaluated. Thirty-eight isolates of S. schenckii complex were divided into five supported clades in a phylogenetic tree. The predominant clinical form was lymphocutaneous (92.3%), fixed cutaneous (5.1%), and disseminated (2.5%). Terbinafine exhibited the best in vitro antifungal activity, while fluconazole was ineffective against Sporothrix schenckii complex. Our results showed diverse geographic distribution of clinical isolates in eight states; definitive identification was done by CAL gen PCR-sequencing. In Mexico, S. schenckii is considered to be an etiological agent of human sporotrichosis cases, and lymphocutaneous is the most prevalent form of the disease. This study revealed four clades of S. schenckiisensu stricto by phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, we report one case of S. globosa isolated from human origin from the North of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga C Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Monterrey 66238, Mexico.
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico.
| | - Alexandro Bonifaz
- Departamento de Micología & Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General de México, México City 06726, Mexico.
| | - Christian Campos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio de J Treviño-Rangel
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico.
| | - Rafael González-Álvarez
- Departamento de Genética y Medicina Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Mexico.
| | - Gloria M González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico.
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Takazawa M, Harada K, Kakurai M, Yamada T, Umemoto N, Sakai T, Maeda T, Kawase M, Demitsu T. Case of pyoderma gangrenosum-like sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix globosa in a patient with ulcerative colitis. J Dermatol 2018; 45:e226-e227. [PMID: 29488248 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Takazawa
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Harada
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Kakurai
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamada
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoka Umemoto
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakai
- Bacterial Laboratory, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Maeda
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kawase
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshio Demitsu
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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Vettorato R, Heidrich D, Fraga F, Ribeiro AC, Pagani DM, Timotheo C, Amaro TG, Vettorato G, Scroferneker ML. Sporotrichosis by Sporothrix schenckii senso stricto with itraconazole resistance and terbinafine sensitivity observed in vitro and in vivo: Case report. Med Mycol Case Rep 2017; 19:18-20. [PMID: 29204336 PMCID: PMC5711665 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a patient with lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis in the right upper limb. The fungus was identified as Sporothrix schenckii senso stricto by calmodulin gene sequencing. The initial treatment was itraconazole (200 mg/day), but in vitro antifungal susceptibility demonstrated high resistant to this and another six antifungals, with exception to terbinafine. The lesions did not regress with itraconazole treatment. Thus, 500 mg/day of terbinafine was prescribed and clinical cure was obtained after four months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Vettorato
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Dermatology Service of Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daiane Heidrich
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fraga
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Amanda Carvalho Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Danielle Machado Pagani
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carina Timotheo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tais Guarienti Amaro
- Dermatology Service of Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gerson Vettorato
- Dermatology Service of Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Scroferneker
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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11
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Sporotrichosis: Update on Diagnostic Techniques. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-017-0283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Han HS, Kano R, Chen C, Noli C. Comparison of two in vitro antifungal sensitivity tests and monitoring during therapy of Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto in Malaysian cats. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:156-e32. [PMID: 28133872 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline sporotrichosis is common in Malaysia. Thermosensitivity and effects of azole treatment on fungal susceptibility are unknown. OBJECTIVES To evaluate thermotolerance and antifungal susceptibility of feline Malaysian Sporothrix isolates, compare microdilution (MD) and E-test results, and investigate changes in susceptibility during azole therapy. METHODS Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto was isolated from 44 cats. Thermotolerance was determined via culture at 37°C for 7 days. Susceptibility to itraconazole (ITZ), ketoconazole (KTZ) and terbinafine (TRB) was assessed in 40 isolates by MD; to amphotericin B (AMB), KTZ, ITZ, fluconazole (FLC) and posaconazole (POS) by E-test. Results were statistically compared by Pearson's Product Moment. In eight ketoconazole treated cats, susceptibility testing to itraconazole and ketoconazole was repeated every two months for six months. RESULTS Thermotolerance was observed in 36 of 44 (82%) isolates. Assuming that isolates growing at antifungal concentrations ≥4 mg/mL were resistant, all were resistant on E-test to FLC and AMB, 11 (28%) to POS, 6 (15%) to ITZ and 1 (3%) to KTZ. On MD, 27 of 40 (68%) were resistant to TRB, 2 (5%) to ITZ and 3 (8%) to KTZ. There was no correlation between E-test and MD results (KTZ r = 0.10, P = 0.54, and ITZ r = 0.11, P = 0.48). MD values for ITZ and KTZ did not exceed 4 mg/L during KTZ therapy. CONCLUSION The majority of feline isolates in Malaysia are thermosensitive. Lack of correlation between E-test and MD suggests that the E-test is unreliable to test antifungal susceptibility for Sporothrix spp. compared to MD. KTZ was the antifungal drug with the lowest MIC. Prolonged KTZ administration may not induce changes in antifungal susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hock Siew Han
- Han Veterinary Surgery, 50 JLN Molek 2/2, TMN Molek, 81100, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rui Kano
- Department of Pathobiology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, 1866, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Charles Chen
- Asian Veterinary Specialist Referral Center, 109 Section 4, XinYi Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiara Noli
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari, Strada Bedale della Ressia 2, 12016, Peveragno (CN), Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital
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