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Ren B, Burkovetskaya M, Jung Y, Bergdolt L, Totusek S, Martinez-Cerdeno V, Stauch K, Korade Z, Dunaevsky A. Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism, aberrant excitability and altered cell cycle of astrocytes in fragile X syndrome. Glia 2023; 71:1176-1196. [PMID: 36594399 PMCID: PMC10023374 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most prevalent heritable form of intellectual disability, is caused by the transcriptional silencing of the FMR1 gene. While neuronal contribution to FXS has been extensively studied in both animal and human-based models of FXS, the roles of astrocytes, a type of glial cells in the brain, are largely unknown. Here, we generated a human-based FXS model via differentiation of astrocytes from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and characterized their development, function, and proteomic profiles. We identified shortened cell cycle, enhanced Ca2+ signaling, impaired sterol biosynthesis, and pervasive alterations in the proteome of FXS astrocytes. Our work identified astrocytic impairments that could contribute to the pathogenesis of FXS and highlight astrocytes as a novel therapeutic target for FXS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyan Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Maria Burkovetskaya
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yoosun Jung
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Lara Bergdolt
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Steven Totusek
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Veronica Martinez-Cerdeno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MIND Institute, and Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine at UC Davis School of Medicine, and Shriners Hospitals for Children of Northern California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kelly Stauch
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, CHRI, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Anna Dunaevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Mei L, Hu C, Li D, Wang Y, Li H, Zhang K, Zhou B, Zhu R, Hagerman RJ, Xu X, Xu Q. The incidence and clinical characteristics of fragile X syndrome in China. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1064104. [PMID: 36861076 PMCID: PMC9969088 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1064104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). This study aims to investigate the incidence of FXS in Chinese children and analyze the comprehensive clinical characteristics of these FXS children. Methods Children diagnosed with idiopathic NDD were recruited between 2016 and 2021 from the department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Fudan University. We combined tetraplet-primed PCR-capillary electrophoresis and whole exome sequencing (WES)/panel or array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) to identify the size of the CGG repeats and the mutations or copy number variations (CNVs) in the genome and in FMR1. The clinical features of FXS children were analyzed according to pediatricians' recording, parental questionnaires, the results of examinations and follow-up. Results The incidence of FXS in Chinese children with idiopathic NDD was 2.4% (42/1753) and in those with FXS, 2.38% had a deletion (1/42). Here, we present the clinical characteristics of 36 children with FXS. Overweight was observed in two boys. The average intelligence quotient (IQ)/development quotient (DQ) of all FXS patients was 48. The average ages of meaningful words and walking alone were 2 years and 10 months and 1 year and 7 months, respectively. The most frequent repetitive behavior was stimulated by hyperarousal to sensory stimulation. On social aspects, social withdrawal, social anxiety, and shyness accounted for 75%, 58%, and 56% of the total number of children, respectively. Approximately 60% of FXS children in this cohort were emotionally labile and prone to temper tantrums. Self-injury and aggression toward others could also be observed, at 19% and 28%, respectively. The most frequent behavioral problem was attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) seen in 64% and the most common facial features were a narrow and elongated face and large or prominent ears in 92% of patients. Discussion Screening of FMR1 full mutation provides the possibility for patients' further medical supports and the clinical features of FXS children obtained in this study will increase the understanding and diagnosis of FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianni Mei
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunchun Hu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyun Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Huiping Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaifeng Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingrui Zhou
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoping Zhu
- Department of Child Health Care, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Randi J. Hagerman
- The MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Xiu Xu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Oe S, Hayashi S, Tanaka S, Koike T, Hirahara Y, Seki-Omura R, Kakizaki R, Sakamoto S, Nakano Y, Noda Y, Yamada H, Kitada M. Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element-Binding Protein 1 Post-transcriptionally Regulates Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 Expression Through 3′ Untranslated Region in Central Nervous System Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:869398. [PMID: 35496917 PMCID: PMC9051318 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.869398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited intellectual disability caused by a deficiency in Fragile X mental retardation 1 (Fmr1) gene expression. Recent studies have proposed the importance of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 1 (CPEB1) in FXS pathology; however, the molecular interaction between Fmr1 mRNA and CPEB1 has not been fully investigated. Here, we revealed that CPEB1 co-localized and interacted with Fmr1 mRNA in hippocampal and cerebellar neurons and culture cells. Furthermore, CPEB1 knockdown upregulated Fmr1 mRNA and protein levels and caused aberrant localization of Fragile X mental retardation protein in neurons. In an FXS cell model, CPEB1 knockdown upregulated the mRNA levels of several mitochondria-related genes and rescued the intracellular heat shock protein family A member 9 distribution. These findings suggest that CPEB1 post-transcriptionally regulated Fmr1 expression through the 3′ untranslated region, and that CPEB1 knockdown might affect mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souichi Oe
- Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
- *Correspondence: Souichi Oe,
| | - Shinichi Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Taro Koike
- Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yukie Hirahara
- Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | | | - Rio Kakizaki
- Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Sumika Sakamoto
- Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakano
- Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yasuko Noda
- Department of Anatomy, Bio-Imaging and Neuro-Cell Science, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamada
- Biwako Professional University of Rehabilitation, Higashiomi, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitada
- Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
- Masaaki Kitada,
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