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Reuvekamp T, Bachas C, Cloos J. Immunophenotypic features of early haematopoietic and leukaemia stem cells. Int J Lab Hematol 2024. [PMID: 39045906 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Many tumours are organised in a hierarchical structure with at its apex a cell that can maintain, establish, and repopulate the tumour-the cancer stem cell. The haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is the founder cell for all functional blood cells. Like HSCs, the leukaemia stem cells (LSC) are hypothesised to be the leukaemia-initiating cells, which have features of stemness such as self-renewal, quiescence, and resistance to cytotoxic drugs. Immunophenotypically, CD34+CD38- defines HSCs by adding lineage negativity and CD90+CD45RA-. At which stage of maturation the further differentiation is blocked, determines the type of leukaemia, and determines the immunophenotype of the LSC specific to the leukaemia type. No apparent LSC phenotype has been described in lymphoid leukaemia, and it is debated if a specific acute lymphocytic leukaemia-initiating cell is present, as all cells are capable of engraftment in a secondary mouse model. In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, a B-cell clone is responsible for uncontrolled proliferation, not a specific LSC. In chronic and acute myeloid leukaemia, LSC is described as CD34+CD38- with the expression of a marker that is aberrantly expressed (LSC marker), such as CD45RA, CD123 or in the case of chronic myeloid leukaemia CD26. In acute myeloid leukaemia, the LSC load had prognostic relevance and might be a biomarker that can be used for monitoring and as an addition to measurable residual disease. However, challenges such as the CD34-negative immunophenotype need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Reuvekamp
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Costa Bachas
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Yue N, Jin Q, Li C, Zhang L, Cao J, Wu C. CD36: a promising therapeutic target in hematologic tumors. Leuk Lymphoma 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38982639 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2376178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is a multiligand receptor with important roles in lipid metabolism, angiogenesis and innate immunity, and its diverse effects may depend on the binding of specific ligands in different contexts. CD36 is expressed not only on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) but also on some hematopoietic cells. CD36 is associated with the growth, metastasis and drug resistance in some hematologic tumors, such as leukemia, lymphoma and myelodysplastic syndrome. Currently, some targeted therapeutic agents against CD36 have been developed, such as anti-CD36 antibodies, CD36 antagonists (small molecules) and CD36 expression inhibitors. This paper not only innovatively addresses the role of CD36 in some hematopoietic cells, such as erythrocytes, hematopoietic stem cells and platelets, but also pays special attention to the role of CD36 in the development of hematologic tumors, and suggests that CD36 may be a potential cancer therapeutic target in hematologic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Yue
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Jin
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Li
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Litian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Cao
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chongyang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Chu X, Tian W, Ning J, Xiao G, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Zhai Z, Tanzhu G, Yang J, Zhou R. Cancer stem cells: advances in knowledge and implications for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:170. [PMID: 38965243 PMCID: PMC11224386 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor heterogeneity. Cancer continues to be a significant global disease burden. In the past, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were the main cancer treatments. The technology of cancer treatments continues to develop and advance, and the emergence of targeted therapy, and immunotherapy provides more options for patients to a certain extent. However, the limitations of efficacy and treatment resistance are still inevitable. Our review begins with a brief introduction of the historical discoveries, original hypotheses, and pathways that regulate CSCs, such as WNT/β-Catenin, hedgehog, Notch, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, TGF-β, PI3K/AKT, PPAR pathway, and their crosstalk. We focus on the role of CSCs in various therapeutic outcomes and resistance, including how the treatments affect the content of CSCs and the alteration of related molecules, CSCs-mediated therapeutic resistance, and the clinical value of targeting CSCs in patients with refractory, progressed or advanced tumors. In summary, CSCs affect therapeutic efficacy, and the treatment method of targeting CSCs is still difficult to determine. Clarifying regulatory mechanisms and targeting biomarkers of CSCs is currently the mainstream idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Chu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wentao Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jiaoyang Ning
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yunqi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhuofan Zhai
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China.
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Yang J, Yang W, Zhang J, Huang A, Yin S, Zhang H, Luo Z, Li X, Chen Y, Ma L, Wang C. Non-small cell lung cancer and metabolism research from 2013 to 2023: a visual analysis and bibliometric study. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1322090. [PMID: 38863621 PMCID: PMC11165026 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1322090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most prevalent primary lung tumors, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has garnered considerable research interest due to its high metastasis rates and poor prognosis outcomes. Across different cancer types, metabolic processes are required for tumors progression and growth, thus interfering with such processes in NSCLC may therapeutically viable for limiting/halting disease progression. Therefore, comprehending how metabolic processes contribute to growth and survival mechanisms in cancers, including NSCLC, may elucidate key functions underpinning tumor cell metabolism. However, no bibliometric analyses have been published in this field, therefore we address this knowledge gap here. Methods Between 2013 and 2023 (December 28th), articles related to the NSCLC and metabolism (NSCLC-Met) field were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). To fully dissect NSCLC-Met research directions and articles, we used the Bibliometrix package in R, VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to visually represent global trends and hotspots. Results Between 2013 and 2023, 2,246 NSCLC-Met articles were retrieved, with a continuous upward trend and rapid development observed year on year. Cancers published the most articles, with Cancer Research recording the highest average citation numbers. Zhang Li from China was the most prolific author, but the highest number of authors came from the USA. China, USA, and Italy were the top three countries with the highest number of published articles, with close cooperation identified between countries. Recent hotspots and research directions were reflected by "lung adenocarcinoma", "immunotherapy", "nivolumab", "checkpoint inhibitors", "blockade", and "pembrolizumab", while "gut microbiome", "egfr" and "dose painting" were important topics for researchers. Conclusion From our analyses, scientists can now explore new hotspots and research directions in the NSCLC-Met field. Further in-depth research in this field will undoubtedly provide more new insights on disease diagnostics, treatment, and prognostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Library, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Huang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyuan Yin
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongrui Luo
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Human Resource, Yibin Sixth People’s Hospital, Yibin, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijie Ma
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
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Ashaq MS, Zhang S, Xu M, Li Y, Zhao B. The regulatory role of CD36 in hematopoiesis beyond fatty acid uptake. Life Sci 2024; 339:122442. [PMID: 38244916 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
CD36 is a transmembrane glycoprotein, located on surface of numerous cell types. This review is aimed to explore regulatory role of CD36 in hematopoiesis beyond fatty acid uptake. CD36 acts as a pattern recognition receptor, regulates cellular fatty acid homeostasis, and negatively monitors angiogenesis. CD36 also mediates free fatty acid transportation to hematopoietic stem cells in response to infections. During normal physiology and pathophysiology, CD36 significantly participates in the activation and metabolic needs of platelets, macrophages, monocytes, T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells. CD36 has shown a unique relationship with Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (PfIEs) as a beneficiary for both parasite and host. CD36 actively participates in pathogenesis of various hematological cancers as a significant prognostic biomarker including AML, HL, and NHL. CD36-targeting antibodies, CD36 antagonists (small molecules), and CD36 expression inhibitors/modulators are used to target CD36, depicting its therapeutic potential. Many preclinical studies or clinical trials were performed to assess CD36 as a therapeutic target; some are still under investigation. This review reflects the role of CD36 in hematopoiesis which requires more consideration in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sameer Ashaq
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Miaomiao Xu
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Baobing Zhao
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Lambrescu IM, Gaina GF, Ceafalan LC, Hinescu ME. Inside anticancer therapy resistance and metastasis. Focus on CD36. J Cancer 2024; 15:1675-1686. [PMID: 38370376 PMCID: PMC10869978 DOI: 10.7150/jca.90457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in targeted cancer therapies, drug resistance remains an important setback in tumor control. Understanding the complex mechanisms involved in both innate and acquired drug resistance represents the first step in discovering novel therapeutic agents. Because of its importance in tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis, lipid metabolism is increasingly garnering attention. CD36 is a membrane receptor at the top of the signaling cascade that transports lipids. Its expression has been repeatedly presented as an unfavorable prognostic factor for various tumor types, raising the question: could CD36 be a critical factor in cancer treatment resistance? In our review, we set out to explore the most prominent studies on the implication of CD36 in resistance to platinum-based drugs and other adjuvant cancer therapies in solid and haematological neoplasia. Moreover, we provide an overview of the latest anti-CD36 cancer therapies, thus opening new perspectives for future personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana M. Lambrescu
- Cell Biology, Neurosciences, and Experimental Myology Laboratory, Victor Babeș Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gisela F. Gaina
- Cell Biology, Neurosciences, and Experimental Myology Laboratory, Victor Babeș Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura C. Ceafalan
- Cell Biology, Neurosciences, and Experimental Myology Laboratory, Victor Babeș Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihail E. Hinescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute of Pathology "Victor Babes," 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Xia L, Zhou Z, Chen X, Luo W, Ding L, Xie H, Zhuang W, Ni K, Li G. Ligand-dependent CD36 functions in cancer progression, metastasis, immune response, and drug resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115834. [PMID: 37931517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD36, a multifunctional glycoprotein, has been shown to play critical roles in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, immune response, and drug resistance. CD36 serves as a receptor for a wide range of ligands, including lipid-related ligands (e.g., long-chain fatty acid (LCFA), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and oxidized phospholipids), as well as protein-related ligands (e.g., thrombospondins, amyloid proteins, collagens I and IV). CD36 is overexpressed in various cancers and may act as an independent prognostic marker. While it was initially identified as a mediator of anti-angiogenesis through its interaction with thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), recent research has highlighted its role in promoting tumor growth, metastasis, drug resistance, and immune suppression. The varied impact of CD36 on cancer is likely ligand-dependent. Therefore, we focus specifically on the ligand-dependent role of CD36 in cancer to provide a critical review of recent advances, perspectives, and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Xia
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhenwei Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianjiong Chen
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqin Luo
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Ding
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Xie
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Kangxin Ni
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gonghui Li
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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8
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Shin JE, Kim SH, Kong M, Kim HR, Yoon S, Kee KM, Kim JA, Kim DH, Park SY, Park JH, Kim H, No KT, Lee HW, Gee HY, Hong S, Guan KL, Roe JS, Lee H, Kim DW, Park HW. Targeting FLT3-TAZ signaling to suppress drug resistance in blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:177. [PMID: 37932786 PMCID: PMC10626670 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the development of BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) rendered chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) a manageable condition, acquisition of drug resistance during blast phase (BP) progression remains a critical challenge. Here, we reposition FLT3, one of the most frequently mutated drivers of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target of BP-CML. METHODS We generated FLT3 expressing BCR::ABL1 TKI-resistant CML cells and enrolled phase-specific CML patient cohort to obtain unpaired and paired serial specimens and verify the role of FLT3 signaling in BP-CML patients. We performed multi-omics approaches in animal and patient studies to demonstrate the clinical feasibility of FLT3 as a viable target of BP-CML by establishing the (1) molecular mechanisms of FLT3-driven drug resistance, (2) diagnostic methods of FLT3 protein expression and localization, (3) association between FLT3 signaling and CML prognosis, and (4) therapeutic strategies to tackle FLT3+ CML patients. RESULTS We reposition the significance of FLT3 in the acquisition of drug resistance in BP-CML, thereby, newly classify a FLT3+ BP-CML subgroup. Mechanistically, FLT3 expression in CML cells activated the FLT3-JAK-STAT3-TAZ-TEAD-CD36 signaling pathway, which conferred resistance to a wide range of BCR::ABL1 TKIs that was independent of recurrent BCR::ABL1 mutations. Notably, FLT3+ BP-CML patients had significantly less favorable prognosis than FLT3- patients. Remarkably, we demonstrate that repurposing FLT3 inhibitors combined with BCR::ABL1 targeted therapies or the single treatment with ponatinib alone can overcome drug resistance and promote BP-CML cell death in patient-derived FLT3+ BCR::ABL1 cells and mouse xenograft models. CONCLUSION Here, we reposition FLT3 as a critical determinant of CML progression via FLT3-JAK-STAT3-TAZ-TEAD-CD36 signaling pathway that promotes TKI resistance and predicts worse prognosis in BP-CML patients. Our findings open novel therapeutic opportunities that exploit the undescribed link between distinct types of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- Leukemia Omics Research Institute, Eulji University, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Kong
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Hwa-Ryeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Kee
- Leukemia Omics Research Institute, Eulji University, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ah Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Incheon, 21983, Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeom Lee
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Leukemia Omics Research Institute, Eulji University, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
- Hematology Department, Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Sandhow L, Cai H, Leonard E, Xiao P, Tomaipitinca L, Månsson A, Kondo M, Sun X, Johansson AS, Tryggvason K, Kasper M, Järås M, Qian H. Skin mesenchymal niches maintain and protect AML-initiating stem cells. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220953. [PMID: 37516911 PMCID: PMC10373345 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia cutis or leukemic cell infiltration in skin is one of the common extramedullary manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and signifies a poorer prognosis. However, its pathogenesis and maintenance remain understudied. Here, we report massive AML cell infiltration in the skin in a transplantation-induced MLL-AF9 AML mouse model. These AML cells could regenerate AML after transplantation. Prospective niche characterization revealed that skin harbored mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) with a similar phenotype as BM mesenchymal stem cells. These skin MPCs protected AML-initiating stem cells (LSCs) from chemotherapy in vitro partially via mitochondrial transfer. Furthermore, Lama4 deletion in skin MPCs promoted AML LSC proliferation and chemoresistance. Importantly, more chemoresistant AML LSCs appeared to be retained in Lama4-/- mouse skin after cytarabine treatment. Our study reveals the characteristics and previously unrecognized roles of skin mesenchymal niches in maintaining and protecting AML LSCs during chemotherapy, meriting future exploration of their impact on AML relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Sandhow
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huan Cai
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elory Leonard
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pingnan Xiao
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luana Tomaipitinca
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alma Månsson
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Sofie Johansson
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Järås
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Feng WW, Zuppe HT, Kurokawa M. The Role of CD36 in Cancer Progression and Its Value as a Therapeutic Target. Cells 2023; 12:1605. [PMID: 37371076 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is a cell surface scavenger receptor that plays critical roles in many different types of cancer, notably breast, brain, and ovarian cancers. While it is arguably most well-known for its fatty acid uptake functions, it is also involved in regulating cellular adhesion, immune response, and apoptosis depending on the cellular and environmental contexts. Here, we discuss the multifaceted role of CD36 in cancer biology, such as its role in mediating metastasis, drug resistance, and immune evasion to showcase its potential as a therapeutic target. We will also review existing approaches to targeting CD36 in pre-clinical studies, as well as discuss the only CD36-targeting drug to advance to late-stage clinical trials, VT1021. Given the roles of CD36 in the etiology of metabolic disorders, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the clinical implications of CD36-targeted therapy are wide-reaching, even beyond cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Feng
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hannah T Zuppe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Manabu Kurokawa
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
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11
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Dolgin E. A fat-blocking drug could help to fight metastatic cancer. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-01648-z. [PMID: 37225804 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-01648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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12
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Patterson SD, Copland M. The Bone Marrow Immune Microenvironment in CML: Treatment Responses, Treatment-Free Remission, and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2023; 18:19-32. [PMID: 36780103 PMCID: PMC9995533 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-023-00688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are very successful for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) but are not curative in most patients due to persistence of TKI-resistant leukaemia stem cells (LSCs). The bone marrow immune microenvironment (BME) provides protection to the LSC through multidimensional interactions, driving therapy resistance, and highlighting the need to circumvent these protective niches therapeutically. This review updates the evidence for interactions between CML cells and the immune microenvironment with a view to identifying targetable therapeutic vulnerabilities and describes what is known about the role of immune regulation in treatment-free remission (TFR). RECENT FINDINGS Intracellular signalling downstream of the chemotactic CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, responsible for disrupted homing in CML, has been elucidated in LSCs, highlighting novel therapeutic opportunities. In addition, LSCs expressing CXCL12-cleaving surface protein CD26 were highly correlated with CML burden, building on existing evidence. Newer findings implicate the adhesion molecule CD44 in TKI resistance, while JAK/STAT-mediated resistance to TKIs may occur downstream of extrinsic signalling in the BME. Exosomal BME-LSC cross-communication has also been explored. Finally, further detail on the phenotypes of natural killer (NK) cells putatively involved in maintaining successful TFR has been published, and NK-based immunotherapies are discussed. Recent studies highlight and build on our understanding of the BME in CML persistence and TKI resistance, pinpointing therapeutically vulnerable interactions. Repurposing existing drugs and/or the development of novel inhibitors targeting these relationships may help to overcome these issues in TKI-resistant CML and be used as adjuvant therapy for sustained TFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun David Patterson
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 21 Shelley Road, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK.
| | - Mhairi Copland
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 21 Shelley Road, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK.
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13
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Tau S, Miller TW. The role of cancer cell bioenergetics in dormancy and drug resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:87-98. [PMID: 36696004 PMCID: PMC10233409 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
While anti-cancer drug treatments are often effective for the clinical management of cancer, these treatments frequently leave behind drug-tolerant persister cancer cells that can ultimately give rise to recurrent disease. Such persistent cancer cells can lie dormant for extended periods of time, going undetected by conventional clinical means. Understanding the mechanisms that such dormant cancer cells use to survive, and the mechanisms that drive emergence from dormancy, is critical to the development of improved therapeutic strategies to prevent and manage disease recurrence. Cancer cells often exhibit metabolic alterations compared to their non-transformed counterparts. An emerging body of evidence supports the notion that dormant cancer cells also have unique metabolic adaptations that may offer therapeutically targetable vulnerabilities. Herein, we review mechanisms through which cancer cells metabolically adapt to persist during drug treatments and develop drug resistance. We also highlight emerging therapeutic strategies to target dormant cancer cells via their metabolic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tau
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Todd W Miller
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, HB-7936, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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14
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Guerrero-Rodríguez SL, Mata-Cruz C, Pérez-Tapia SM, Velasco-Velázquez MA. Role of CD36 in cancer progression, stemness, and targeting. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1079076. [PMID: 36568966 PMCID: PMC9772993 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1079076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD36 is highly expressed in diverse tumor types and its expression correlates with advanced stages, poor prognosis, and reduced survival. In cancer cells, CD36: 1) increases fatty acid uptake, reprogramming lipid metabolism; 2) favors cancer cell proliferation, and 3) promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, CD36 expression correlates with the expression of cancer stem cell markers and CD36+ cancer cells display increased stemness functional properties, including clonogenicity, chemo- and radioresistance, and metastasis-initiating capability, suggesting CD36 is a marker of the cancer stem cell population. Thus, CD36 has been pointed as a potential therapeutic target in cancer. At present, at least three different types of molecules have been developed for reducing CD36-mediated functions: blocking monoclonal antibodies, small-molecule inhibitors, and compounds that knock-down CD36 expression. Herein, we review the role of CD36 in cancer progression, its participation in stemness control, as well as the efficacy of reported CD36 inhibitors in cancer cell cultures and animal models. Overall, the evidence compiled points that CD36 is a valid target for the development of new anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Mata-Cruz
- Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Graduate Program in Biochemical Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia M. Pérez-Tapia
- Research and Development in Biotherapeutics Unit, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
- National Laboratory for Specialized Services of Investigation Development and Innovation (I+D+i) for Pharma Chemicals and Biotechnological products LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Mexico City, Mexico
- Immunology Department, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Velasco-Velázquez
- Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Martin-Perez M, Urdiroz-Urricelqui U, Bigas C, Benitah SA. The role of lipids in cancer progression and metastasis. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1675-1699. [PMID: 36261043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipids have essential biological functions in the body (e.g., providing energy storage, acting as a signaling molecule, and being a structural component of membranes); however, an excess of lipids can promote tumorigenesis, colonization, and metastatic capacity of tumor cells. To metastasize, a tumor cell goes through different stages that require lipid-related metabolic and structural adaptations. These adaptations include altering the lipid membrane composition for invading other niches and overcoming cell death mechanisms and promoting lipid catabolism and anabolism for energy and oxidative stress protective purposes. Cancer cells also harness lipid metabolism to modulate the activity of stromal and immune cells to their advantage and to resist therapy and promote relapse. All this is especially worrying given the high fat intake in Western diets. Thus, metabolic interventions aiming to reduce lipid availability to cancer cells or to exacerbate their metabolic vulnerabilities provide promising therapeutic opportunities to prevent cancer progression and treat metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martin-Perez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Uxue Urdiroz-Urricelqui
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Bigas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Zhang L, Chang N, Liu J, Liu Z, Wu Y, Sui L, Chen W. Reprogramming lipid metabolism as potential strategy for hematological malignancy therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:987499. [PMID: 36106108 PMCID: PMC9465383 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.987499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies are one of the most lethal illnesses that seriously threaten human life and health. Lipids are important constituents of various biological membranes and substances for energy storage and cell signaling. Furthermore, lipids are critical in the normal physiological activities of cells. In the process of the lethal transformation of hematological malignancies, lipid metabolism reprogramming meets the material and energy requirements of rapidly proliferating and dividing tumor cells. A large number of studies have shown that dysregulated lipid metabolism, commonly occurs in hematological malignancies, mediating the proliferation, growth, migration, invasion, apoptosis, drug resistance and immune escape of tumor cells. Targeting the lipid metabolism pathway of hematological malignancies has become an effective therapeutic approach. This article reviews the oncogenic mechanisms of lipid metabolism reprogramming in hematological malignancies, including fatty acid, cholesterol and phospholipid metabolism, thereby offering an insight into targeting lipid metabolism in the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqiang Zhang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Chang
- Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuojun Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yajin Wu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Sui
- Core Lab Glycobiol & Glycoengn, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Sui, ; Wei Chen,
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Sui, ; Wei Chen,
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17
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Böttcher-Loschinski R, Rial Saborido J, Böttcher M, Kahlfuss S, Mougiakakos D. Lipotoxicity as a Barrier for T Cell-Based Therapies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091182. [PMID: 36139021 PMCID: PMC9496045 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, T-cell-based approaches play an increasing role in cancer treatment. In particular, the use of (genetically engineered) T-cells has heralded a novel era for various diseases with previously poor outcomes. Concurrently, the relationship between the functional behavior of immune cells and their metabolic state, known as immunometabolism, has been found to be an important determinant for the success of immunotherapy. In this context, immune cell metabolism is not only controlled by the expression of transcription factors, enzymes and transport proteins but also by nutrient availability and the presence of intermediate metabolites. The lack of as well as an oversupply of nutrients can be detrimental and lead to cellular dysfunction and damage, potentially resulting in reduced metabolic fitness and/or cell death. This review focusses on the detrimental effects of excessive exposure of T cells to fatty acids, known as lipotoxicity, in the context of an altered lipid tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, implications of T cell-related lipotoxicity for immunotherapy will be discussed, as well as potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Böttcher-Loschinski
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Judit Rial Saborido
- Medical Department 5–Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kahlfuss
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- CHaMP, Center for Health and Medical Prevention, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Department 5–Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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18
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Mayer IM, Hoelbl-Kovacic A, Sexl V, Doma E. Isolation, Maintenance and Expansion of Adult Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells and Leukemic Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1723. [PMID: 35406494 PMCID: PMC8996967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare, self-renewing cells that perch on top of the hematopoietic tree. The HSCs ensure the constant supply of mature blood cells in a tightly regulated process producing peripheral blood cells. Intense efforts are ongoing to optimize HSC engraftment as therapeutic strategy to treat patients suffering from hematopoietic diseases. Preclinical research paves the way by developing methods to maintain, manipulate and expand HSCs ex vivo to understand their regulation and molecular make-up. The generation of a sufficient number of transplantable HSCs is the Holy Grail for clinical therapy. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are characterized by their acquired stem cell characteristics and are responsible for disease initiation, progression, and relapse. We summarize efforts, that have been undertaken to increase the number of long-term (LT)-HSCs and to prevent differentiation towards committed progenitors in ex vivo culture. We provide an overview and compare methods currently available to isolate, maintain and enrich HSC subsets, progenitors and LSCs and discuss their individual advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (I.M.M.); (A.H.-K.); (E.D.)
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19
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Mojtahedi H, Yazdanpanah N, Rezaei N. Chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells: targeting therapeutic implications. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:603. [PMID: 34922630 PMCID: PMC8684082 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm driven by BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein, which plays a pivotal role in CML pathology, diagnosis, and treatment as confirmed by the success of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Despite advances in the development of more potent tyrosine kinase inhibitors, some mechanisms particularly in terms of CML leukemic stem cell (CML LSC) lead to intrinsic or acquired therapy resistance, relapse, and disease progression. In fact, the maintenance CML LSCs in patients who are resistance to TKI therapy indicates the role of CML LSCs in resistance to therapy through survival mechanisms that are not completely dependent on BCR-ABL activity. Targeting therapeutic approaches aim to eradicate CML LSCs through characterization and targeting genetic alteration and molecular pathways involving in CML LSC survival in a favorable leukemic microenvironment and resistance to apoptosis, with the hope of providing a functional cure. In other words, it is possible to develop the combination therapy of TKs with drugs targeting genes or molecules more specifically, which is required for survival mechanisms of CML LSCs, while sparing normal HSCs for clinical benefits along with TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Mojtahedi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Yazdanpanah
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Houshmand M, Kazemi A, Anjam Najmedini A, Ali MS, Gaidano V, Cignetti A, Fava C, Cilloni D, Saglio G, Circosta P. Shedding Light on Targeting Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245805. [PMID: 34945101 PMCID: PMC8708315 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells (CML LSCs) are a rare and quiescent population that are resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). When TKI therapy is discontinued in CML patients in deep, sustained and apparently stable molecular remission, these cells in approximately half of the cases restart to grow, resuming the leukemic process. The elimination of these TKI resistant leukemic stem cells is therefore an essential step in increasing the percentage of those patients who can reach a successful long-term treatment free remission (TFR). The understanding of the biology of the LSCs and the identification of the differences, phenotypic and/or metabolic, that could eventually allow them to be distinguished from the normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are therefore important steps in designing strategies to target LSCs in a rather selective way, sparing the normal counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Houshmand
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Alireza Kazemi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1971653313, Iran; (A.K.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Ali Anjam Najmedini
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1971653313, Iran; (A.K.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Ali
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Valentina Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, A.O. SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Cignetti
- Division of Hematology and Cell Therapy, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, 10128 Turin, Italy;
| | - Carmen Fava
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Circosta
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
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21
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Leukemia Stem Cells as a Potential Target to Achieve Therapy-Free Remission in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225822. [PMID: 34830976 PMCID: PMC8616035 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs, also known as leukemia-initiating cells) not only drive leukemia initiation and progression, but also contribute to drug resistance and/or disease relapse. Therefore, eradication of every last LSC is critical for a patient's long-term cure. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder that arises from multipotent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically improved long-term outcomes and quality of life for patients with CML in the chronic phase. Point mutations of the kinase domain of BCR-ABL1 lead to TKI resistance through a reduction in drug binding, and as a result, several new generations of TKIs have been introduced to the clinic. Some patients develop TKI resistance without known mutations, however, and the presence of LSCs is believed to be at least partially associated with resistance development and CML relapse. We previously proposed targeting quiescent LSCs as a therapeutic approach to CML, and a number of potential strategies for targeting insensitive LSCs have been presented over the last decade. The identification of specific markers distinguishing CML-LSCs from healthy HSCs, and the potential contributions of the bone marrow microenvironment to CML pathogenesis, have also been explored. Nonetheless, 25% of CML patients are still expected to switch TKIs at least once, and various TKI discontinuation studies have shown a wide range in the incidence of molecular relapse (from 30% to 60%). In this review, we revisit the current knowledge regarding the role(s) of LSCs in CML leukemogenesis and response to pharmacological treatment and explore how durable treatment-free remission may be achieved and maintained after discontinuing TKI treatment.
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22
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Soverini S, De Santis S, Monaldi C, Bruno S, Mancini M. Targeting Leukemic Stem Cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Is It Worth the Effort? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137093. [PMID: 34209376 PMCID: PMC8269304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a classical example of stem cell cancer since it arises in a multipotent hematopoietic stem cell upon the acquisition of the t(9;22) chromosomal translocation, that converts it into a leukemic stem cell (LSC). The resulting BCR-ABL1 fusion gene encodes a deregulated tyrosine kinase that is recognized as the disease driver. Therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) eliminates progenitor and more differentiated cells but fails to eradicate quiescent LSCs. Thus, although many patients obtain excellent responses and a proportion of them can even attempt treatment discontinuation (treatment free remission [TFR]) after some years of therapy, LSCs persist, and represent a potentially dangerous reservoir feeding relapse and hampering TFR. Over the past two decades, intensive efforts have been devoted to the characterization of CML LSCs and to the dissection of the cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms sustaining their persistence, in an attempt to find druggable targets enabling LSC eradication. Here we provide an overview and an update on these mechanisms, focusing in particular on the most recent acquisitions. Moreover, we provide a critical appraisal of the clinical relevance and feasibility of LSC targeting in CML.
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MESH Headings
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Soverini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.D.S.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-214-3832
| | - Sara De Santis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.D.S.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Cecilia Monaldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.D.S.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Samantha Bruno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.D.S.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Manuela Mancini
- Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
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Zhou J, Zhao J, Su C. Role of Aberrant Lipid Metabolism of Cancer Stem Cells in Cancer Progression. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:631-639. [PMID: 33726650 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666210316112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small population of cancer cells that are able to self-renew and initiate tumors, which undergo epigenetic, epithelial-mesenchymal, immunological, and metabolic reprogramming to adapt to the tumor microenvironment as well as survive host defense or therapeutic insults. The metabolic reprogramming that accompanies cancer onset is known to be critical for the disease pathogenesis. A coordinated dysregulation of lipid metabolism is observed in nearly all cancer types. In addition to fulfilling basic requirements of structural lipids for membrane synthesis, lipids function importantly as signaling molecules and contribute to energy homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the current progress in the attractive research field of aberrant lipid metabolism regarding CSCs in cancer progression, which provides insights into therapeutic agents targeting CSCs based upon their modulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai. China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai. China
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24
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Targeting Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem/Progenitor Cells Using Venetoclax-Loaded Immunoliposome. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061311. [PMID: 33804056 PMCID: PMC8000981 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CML is a hematopoietic stem-cell disorder emanating from breakpoint cluster region/Abelson murine leukemia 1 (BCR/ABL) translocation. Introduction of different TKIs revolutionized treatment outcome in CML patients, but CML LSCs seem insensitive to TKIs and are detectable in newly diagnosed and resistant CML patients and in patients who discontinued therapy. It has been reported that CML LSCs aberrantly express some CD markers such as CD26 that can be used for the diagnosis and for targeting. In this study, we confirmed the presence of CD26+ CML LSCs in newly diagnosed and resistant CML patients. To selectively target CML LSCs/progenitor cells that express CD26 and to spare normal HSCs/progenitor cells, we designed a venetoclax-loaded immunoliposome (IL-VX). Our results showed that by using this system we could selectively target CD26+ cells while sparing CD26- cells. The efficiency of venetoclax in targeting CML LSCs has been reported and our system demonstrated a higher potency in cell death induction in comparison to free venetoclax. Meanwhile, treatment of patient samples with IL-VX significantly reduced CD26+ cells in both stem cells and progenitor cells population. In conclusion, this approach showed that selective elimination of CD26+ CML LSCs/progenitor cells can be obtained in vitro, which might allow in vivo reduction of side effects and attainment of treatment-free, long-lasting remission in CML patients.
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25
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Mukaida N, Tanabe Y, Baba T. Cancer non-stem cells as a potent regulator of tumor microenvironment: a lesson from chronic myeloid leukemia. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:7. [PMID: 35006395 PMCID: PMC8607377 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A limited subset of human leukemia cells has a self-renewal capacity and can propagate leukemia upon their transplantation into animals, and therefore, are named as leukemia stem cells, in the early 1990’s. Subsequently, cell subpopulations with similar characteristics were detected in various kinds of solid cancers and were denoted as cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are presently presumed to be crucially involved in malignant progression of solid cancer: chemoresitance, radioresistance, immune evasion, and metastasis. On the contrary, less attention has been paid to cancer non-stem cell population, which comprise most cancer cells in cancer tissues, due to the lack of suitable markers to discriminate cancer non-stem cells from cancer stem cells. Chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells generate a larger number of morphologically distinct non-stem cells. Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates that poor prognosis is associated with the increases in these non-stem cells including basophils and megakaryocytes. We will discuss the potential roles of cancer non-stem cells in fostering tumor microenvironment, by illustrating the roles of chronic myeloid leukemia non-stem cells including basophils and megakaryocytes in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia, a typical malignant disorder arising from leukemic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Yamato Tanabe
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Baba
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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Minciacchi VR, Kumar R, Krause DS. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Model Disease of the Past, Present and Future. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010117. [PMID: 33435150 PMCID: PMC7827482 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been a "model disease" with a long history. Beginning with the first discovery of leukemia and the description of the Philadelphia Chromosome and ending with the current goal of achieving treatment-free remission after targeted therapies, we describe here the journey of CML, focusing on molecular pathways relating to signaling, metabolism and the bone marrow microenvironment. We highlight current strategies for combination therapies aimed at eradicating the CML stem cell; hopefully the final destination of this long voyage.
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MESH Headings
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- History, 20th Century
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/history
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina R. Minciacchi
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.R.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.R.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Daniela S. Krause
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.R.M.); (R.K.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Clinic II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-63395-500; Fax: +49-69-63395-519
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Tusa I, Cheloni G, Poteti M, Silvano A, Tubita A, Lombardi Z, Gozzini A, Caporale R, Scappini B, Dello Sbarba P, Rovida E. In Vitro Comparison of the Effects of Imatinib and Ponatinib on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Progenitor/Stem Cell Features. Target Oncol 2020; 15:659-671. [PMID: 32780298 PMCID: PMC7568716 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-020-00741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The development of molecularly tailored therapeutic agents such as the BCR/ABL-active tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi) resulted in an excellent treatment option for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. However, following TKi discontinuation, disease relapses in 40–60% of patients, an occurrence very likely due to the persistence of leukemic stem cells that are scarcely sensitive to TKi. Nevertheless, TKi are still the only current treatment option for CML patients. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effects of TKi belonging to different generations, imatinib and ponatinib (first and third generation, respectively), on progenitor/stem cell expansion potential and markers. Patients and Methods We used stabilized CML cell lines (KCL22, K562 and LAMA-84 cells), taking advantage of the previous demonstration of ours that cell lines contain cell subsets endowed with progenitor/stem cell properties. Primary cells explanted from CML patients were also used. The effects of TKi on the expression of stem cell related genes were compared by quantitative PCR. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) cell surface hematopoietic stem cell markers. Progenitor/stem cell potential was estimated by serial colony formation ability (CFA) assay. Results Ponatinib was more effective than imatinib for the reduction of cells with ALDH activity and progenitor/stem cell potential of CML patient-derived cells and cell lines. Furthermore, ponatinib was more effective than imatinib in reducing the percentage of CD26-expressing cells in primary CML cells, whereas imatinib and ponatinib showed similar efficacy on KCL22 cells. Both drugs strongly upregulated NANOG and SOX2 in CML cell lines, but in KCL22 cells this upregulation was significantly lower with ponatinib than with imatinib, an outcome compatible with a lower level of enrichment of the stem cell compartment upon ponatinib treatment. Conclusion Ponatinib seems to target CML progenitor/stem cells better than imatinib. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11523-020-00741-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazia Tusa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Cheloni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Poteti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Silvano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tubita
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Zoe Lombardi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Caporale
- Dipartimento DAI Oncologico e di Chirurgia ad Indirizzo Robotico SOD Centro Diagnostico di Citofluorimetria e Immunoterapia, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Persio Dello Sbarba
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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Walcher L, Kistenmacher AK, Suo H, Kitte R, Dluczek S, Strauß A, Blaudszun AR, Yevsa T, Fricke S, Kossatz-Boehlert U. Cancer Stem Cells-Origins and Biomarkers: Perspectives for Targeted Personalized Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1280. [PMID: 32849491 PMCID: PMC7426526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis has gained increasing interest over the last decades. In particular, the analysis of biomarkers in cancer patients within the pre- and post-therapeutic period is required to identify several types of cells, which carry a risk for a disease progression and subsequent post-therapeutic relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive tumor initiation and can cause relapses. At the time point of tumor initiation, CSCs originate from either differentiated cells or adult tissue resident stem cells. Due to their importance, several biomarkers that characterize CSCs have been identified and correlated to diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. However, CSCs have been shown to display a high plasticity, which changes their phenotypic and functional appearance. Such changes are induced by chemo- and radiotherapeutics as well as senescent tumor cells, which cause alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Induction of senescence causes tumor shrinkage by modulating an anti-tumorigenic environment in which tumor cells undergo growth arrest and immune cells are attracted. Besides these positive effects after therapy, senescence can also have negative effects displayed post-therapeutically. These unfavorable effects can directly promote cancer stemness by increasing CSC plasticity phenotypes, by activating stemness pathways in non-CSCs, as well as by promoting senescence escape and subsequent activation of stemness pathways. At the end, all these effects can lead to tumor relapse and metastasis. This review provides an overview of the most frequently used CSC markers and their implementation as biomarkers by focussing on deadliest solid (lung, stomach, liver, breast and colorectal cancers) and hematological (acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia) cancers. Furthermore, it gives examples on how the CSC markers might be influenced by therapeutics, such as chemo- and radiotherapy, and the tumor microenvironment. It points out, that it is crucial to identify and monitor residual CSCs, senescent tumor cells, and the pro-tumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype in a therapy follow-up using specific biomarkers. As a future perspective, a targeted immune-mediated strategy using chimeric antigen receptor based approaches for the removal of remaining chemotherapy-resistant cells as well as CSCs in a personalized therapeutic approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Walcher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kistenmacher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Huizhen Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reni Kitte
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Dluczek
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Strauß
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - André-René Blaudszun
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tetyana Yevsa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Kossatz-Boehlert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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29
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Saglio G, Gale RP. Prospects for achieving treatment-free remission in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2020; 190:318-327. [PMID: 32057102 PMCID: PMC7496116 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the best possible overall survival, discontinuation of the tyrosine kinase-inhibitor (TKI) treatment [treatment free remission (TFR)] without observing a recurrence of the disease has become a major goal of the therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Many clinical studies have demonstrated that TFR is possible, although for the moment limited to a fraction of the CML patients able to achieve a stable deep molecular response (DMR). The factors associated to the possibility of remaining in TFR or of losing it, have been investigated by a number of controlled and observation clinical trials and although total TKI treatment duration, DMR duration and stability and, more recently, also the depth of the molecular response obtained at the time of discontinuation have been shown to be significant elements, most of the factors associated with a higher possibility of a successful discontinuation still remain elusive and are here reviewed.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Disease Progression
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Duration of Therapy
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/blood
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Immunotherapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/immunology
- Observational Studies as Topic
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Remission Induction
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences of the University of TurinOrbassano‐TorinoItaly
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30
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Himburg HA, Roos M, Fang T, Zhang Y, Termini CM, Schlussel L, Kim M, Pang A, Kan J, Zhao L, Suh H, Sasine JP, Sapparapu G, Bowers PM, Schiller G, Chute JP. Chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells require cell-autonomous pleiotrophin signaling. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:315-328. [PMID: 31613796 DOI: 10.1172/jci129061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) induce molecular remission in the majority of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), but the persistence of CML stem cells hinders cure and necessitates indefinite TKI therapy. We report that CML stem cells upregulate the expression of pleiotrophin (PTN) and require cell-autonomous PTN signaling for CML pathogenesis in BCR/ABL+ mice. Constitutive PTN deletion substantially reduced the numbers of CML stem cells capable of initiating CML in vivo. Hematopoietic cell-specific deletion of PTN suppressed CML development in BCR/ABL+ mice, suggesting that cell-autonomous PTN signaling was necessary for CML disease evolution. Mechanistically, PTN promoted CML stem cell survival and TKI resistance via induction of Jun and the unfolded protein response. Human CML cells were also dependent on cell-autonomous PTN signaling, and anti-PTN antibody suppressed human CML colony formation and CML repopulation in vivo. Our results suggest that targeted inhibition of PTN has therapeutic potential to eradicate CML stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Himburg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Martina Roos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tiancheng Fang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yurun Zhang
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christina M Termini
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lauren Schlussel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mindy Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amara Pang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jenny Kan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Liman Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hyung Suh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua P Sasine
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gopal Sapparapu
- UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter M Bowers
- UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gary Schiller
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John P Chute
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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31
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Banesh S, Trivedi V. Therapeutic Potentials of Scavenger Receptor CD36 Mediated Innate Immune Responses Against Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 17:299-317. [PMID: 31376823 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190802153319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CD36 is a multifunctional glycoprotein, expressed in different types of cells and known to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of the host. The structural studies revealed that the scavenger receptor consists of short cytosolic domains, two transmembrane domains, and a large ectodomain. The ectodomain serves as a receptor for a diverse number of endogenous and exogenous ligands. The CD36-specific ligands are involved in regulating the immune response during infectious and non-infectious diseases in the host. The role of CD36 in regulating the innate immune response during Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Malaria, Leishmaniasis, HIV, and Sepsis in a ligand- mediated fashion. Apart from infectious diseases, it is also considered to be involved in metabolic disorders such as Atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's, cancer, and Diabetes. The ligand binding to scavenger receptor modulates the CD36 down-stream innate immune response, and it can be exploited to design suitable immuno-modulators. Hence, the current review focused on the role of the CD36 in innate immune response and therapeutic potentials of novel heterocyclic compounds as CD36 ligands during infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooram Banesh
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Vishal Trivedi
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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32
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Rothe K, Babaian A, Nakamichi N, Chen M, Chafe SC, Watanabe A, Forrest DL, Mager DL, Eaves CJ, Dedhar S, Jiang X. Integrin-Linked Kinase Mediates Therapeutic Resistance of Quiescent CML Stem Cells to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:110-124.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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33
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Zhang T, Yang J, Vaikari VP, Beckford JS, Wu S, Akhtari M, Alachkar H. Apolipoprotein C2 - CD36 Promotes Leukemia Growth and Presents a Targetable Axis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Blood Cancer Discov 2020; 1:198-213. [PMID: 32944714 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-19-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a devastating hematologic malignancy that affects the hematopoietic stem cells. The 5-year overall survival (OS) of patients with AML is less than 30%, highlighting the urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we analyze gene expression datasets for genes that are differentially overexpressed in AML cells compared with healthy hematopoietic cells. We report that apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2) mRNA is significantly overexpressed in AML, particularly in patients with mixed-lineage leukemia rearrangements. By multivariate analysis, high APOC2 expression in leukemia blasts is significantly associated with decreased OS (HR: 2.51; 95% CI, 1.03-6.07; P = 0.04). APOC2 is a small secreted apolipoprotein that constitutes chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins, and high-density lipoproteins with other apolipoproteins. APOC2 activates lipoprotein lipase and contributes to lipid metabolism. By gain and loss of function approaches in cultured AML cells, we demonstrate that APOC2 promotes leukemia growth via CD36-mediated LYN-ERK signaling activation. Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of either APOC2 or CD36 reduces cell proliferation, induces apoptosis in vitro, and delays leukemia progression in mice. Altogether, this study establishes APOC2-CD36 axis as a potential therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jiawen Yang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vijaya P Vaikari
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - John S Beckford
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sharon Wu
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mojtaba Akhtari
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Houda Alachkar
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Kubo M, Eguchi H. ASO Author Reflections: Regulation of Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Scavenger Receptor CD36. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:620-621. [PMID: 31659646 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-08022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Kubo M, Gotoh K, Eguchi H, Kobayashi S, Iwagami Y, Tomimaru Y, Akita H, Asaoka T, Noda T, Takeda Y, Tanemura M, Mori M, Doki Y. Impact of CD36 on Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:610-619. [PMID: 31605325 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07927-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD36, a multi-ligand scavenger receptor, has been associated with several cancers. Many studies have revealed that CD36 contributed to cancer malignancy. This study aimed to reveal the function of CD36 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS CD36 expression was characterized using immunohistochemistry in 95 clinical specimens resected from patients with PDAC. We divided patients into two groups, with different CD36 expression levels, and analyzed and compared their prognoses. CD36 expression was also assessed in PDAC cell lines. Gemcitabine-resistant (GR) PDAC cell lines were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) that specifically targeted CD36 to evaluate chemoresistance and apoptosis. RESULTS In resected PDAC samples, CD36 expression was significantly correlated with microinvasion into the venous system (p = 0.0284). Patients with high CD36 expression had significantly lower overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates than patients with low expression; thus, CD36 was an independent prognostic factor for OS and RFS. In subgroup analyses, CD36 was an independent risk factor for OS and RFS in 59 patients treated with gemcitabine adjuvant chemotherapy. CD36 expression was upregulated in PDAC-GR cell lines compared with the PDAC parent cell line. Transduction with siRNA downregulated CD36, which reduced PDAC cell resistance to gemcitabine and inhibited anti-apoptosis proteins. CONCLUSION CD36 expression influenced gemcitabine resistance by regulating anti-apoptosis proteins. High CD36 expression was a significant, unfavorable prognostic factor in PDAC. Anti-CD36 treatment might serve as an optional treatment for lowering resistance to gemcitabine.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Aged
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- CD36 Antigens/antagonists & inhibitors
- CD36 Antigens/genetics
- CD36 Antigens/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Gemcitabine
- Pancreatic Neoplasms
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunihito Gotoh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tomimaru
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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36
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Coordinated inhibition of nuclear export and Bcr-Abl1 selectively targets chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells. Leukemia 2020; 34:1679-1683. [PMID: 31980730 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Houshmand M, Blanco TM, Circosta P, Yazdi N, Kazemi A, Saglio G, Zarif MN. Bone marrow microenvironment: The guardian of leukemia stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:476-490. [PMID: 31523368 PMCID: PMC6716085 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i8.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) is the main sanctuary of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and protects these cells against conventional therapies. However, it may open up an opportunity to target LSCs by breaking the close connection between LSCs and the BMM. The elimination of LSCs is of high importance, since they follow cancer stem cell theory as a part of this population. Based on cancer stem cell theory, a cell with stem cell-like features stands at the apex of the hierarchy and produces a heterogeneous population and governs the disease. Secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles, whether through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms by activation of downstream signaling pathways in LSCs, favors their persistence and makes the BMM less hospitable for normal stem cells. While all details about the interactions of the BMM and LSCs remain to be elucidated, some clinical trials have been designed to limit these reciprocal interactions to cure leukemia more effectively. In this review, we focus on chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia LSCs and their milieu in the bone marrow, how to segregate them from the normal compartment, and finally the possible ways to eliminate these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Houshmand
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Teresa Mortera Blanco
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 14183, Sweden
| | - Paola Circosta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Narjes Yazdi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran
| | - Alireza Kazemi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Mahin Nikougoftar Zarif
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran 146651157, Iran
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 14183, Sweden
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38
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Ni K, Wang D, Xu H, Mei F, Wu C, Liu Z, Zhou B. miR-21 promotes non-small cell lung cancer cells growth by regulating fatty acid metabolism. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:219. [PMID: 31462892 PMCID: PMC6708160 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. CD36 is a receptor for fatty acids and plays an important role in regulating fatty acid metabolism, which is closely related to tumorigenesis and development. The regulation of miR-21 and its role in tumorigenesis have been extensively studied in recent years. However, the relationship between miR-21 and CD36 regulated fatty acid metabolism in human non-small cell lung cancer remains unknown. Methods In this study, lentivirus transfection, qRT-PCR, cell migration, immunofluorescence, and western blot were used to examine the relationship between miR-21 and CD36 regulated fatty acid metabolism and the regulation role of miR-21 in human non-small cell lung cancer. Results This study demonstrated that up-regulation of miR-21 promoted cell migration and cell growth in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Moreover, the intracellular contents of lipids including cellular content of phospholipids, neutral lipids content, cellular content of triglycerides were significantly increased following miR-21 mimic treatment compared with control, and the levels of key lipid metabolic enzymes FASN, ACC1 and FABP5 were obviously enhanced in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Furthermore, down-regulation of CD36 suppressed miR-21 regulated cell growth, migration and intracellular contents of lipids in human non-small cell lung cancer cells, which suggested that miR-21 promoted cell growth and migration of human non-small cell lung cancer cells through CD36 mediated fatty acid metabolism. Inhibition of miR-21 was revealed to inhibit cell growth, migration, intracellular contents of lipids, and CD36 protein expression level in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. In addition, PPARGC1B was a direct target of miR-21, and down-regulation of PPARGC1B reversed the inhibition of CD36 expression induced by miR-21 inhibitor. Conclusions These results explored the mechanism of miR-21 promoted non-small cell lung cancer and might provide a novel therapeutic method in treating non-small cell lung cancer in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Ni
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Dimin Wang
- 2College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heyun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyang Mei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Changhao Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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39
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Bencomo-Àlvarez AE, Rubio AJ, Gonzalez MA, Eiring AM. Energy metabolism and drug response in myeloid leukaemic stem cells. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:524-537. [PMID: 31236939 PMCID: PMC6679722 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the treatment of myeloid malignancies, many patients become resistant to therapy and ultimately succumb to their disease. Accumulating evidence over the past several years has suggested that the inadequacy of many leukaemia therapies results from their failure to target the leukaemic stem cell (LSC). For this reason, the LSC population currently represents the most critical target in the treatment of myeloid malignancies. However, while LSCs are ideal targets in the treatment of these diseases, they are also the most difficult population to target. This is due to both their heterogeneity within the LSC population, and also their phenotypic similarities with normal haematopoietic stem cells. This review will highlight the current landscape surrounding LSC biology in myeloid malignancies, with a focus on altered energy metabolism, and how that knowledge is being translated into clinical advances for the treatment of chronic and acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso E. Bencomo-Àlvarez
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Andres J. Rubio
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Mayra A. Gonzalez
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Anna M. Eiring
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
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40
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Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by BCRABL1 in a cell with the biological potential, intrinsic or acquired, to cause leukemia. This cell is commonly termed the CML leukemia stem cell (LSC). In humans a CML LSC is operationally-defined by ≥1 in vitro or in vivo assays of human leukemia cells transferred to immune-deficient mice. Results of these assays are sometimes discordant. There is also the unproved assumption that biological features of a CML LSC are stable. These considerations make accurate and precise identification of a CML LSC difficult or impossible. In this review, we consider biological features of CML LSCs defined by these assays. We also consider whether CML LSCs are susceptible to targeting by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and other drugs, and whether elimination of CML LSCs is needed to achieve therapy-free remission or cure CML.
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41
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Maher M, Diesch J, Casquero R, Buschbeck M. Epigenetic-Transcriptional Regulation of Fatty Acid Metabolism and Its Alterations in Leukaemia. Front Genet 2018; 9:405. [PMID: 30319689 PMCID: PMC6165860 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years fatty acid metabolism has gained greater attention in haematologic cancers such as acute myeloid leukaemia. The oxidation of fatty acids provides fuel in the form of ATP and NADH, while fatty acid synthesis provides building blocks for cellular structures. Here, we will discuss how leukaemic cells differ from healthy cells in their increased reliance on fatty acid metabolism. In order to understand how these changes are achieved, we describe the main pathways regulating fatty acid metabolism at the transcriptional level and highlight the limited knowledge about related epigenetic mechanisms. We explore these mechanisms in the context of leukaemia and consider the relevance of the bone marrow microenvironment in disease management. Finally, we discuss efforts to interfere with fatty acid metabolism as a therapeutic strategy along with the use of metabolic parameters as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maher
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeannine Diesch
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Casquero
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
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