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Jurin I, Lucijanić M, Radonić V, Letilović T, Pejić J, Lucijanić J, Tješić-Drinković I, Sokol Tomić S, Hadžibegović I. Patients with dementia and atrial fibrillation less frequently receive direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and experience higher thrombotic and mortality risk. Acta Clin Belg 2022; 77:565-570. [PMID: 33834950 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2021.1913547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in clinical presentation, anticoagulation pattern and outcomes in patients with dementia and atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS A total of 1217 hospitalized patients with non-valvular AF from two institutions were retrospectively evaluated. Diagnosis of dementia was established by a psychiatrist or a neurologist prior to or during hospitalization. Adequacy of warfarin anticoagulation was assessed during follow-up using at least 10 standardized international ratio values. In addition to unmatched comparison, nested case-control study was performed to further evaluate differences in clinical outcomes between patients with and without dementia. RESULTS A total of 162/1217 (13.3%) patients were diagnosed with dementia. Among other associations, patients with dementia were significantly older with higher number of comorbidities, had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), (P < 0.05 for all analyses). Patients with dementia were significantly less likely to receive direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs; 27.2% vs 40.3%; P = 0.001) and were significantly more likely to be inadequately anticoagulated with warfarin (38.9% vs 28.6%; P = 0.008) than patients without dementia. After matching based on age, eGFR, LVEF, and CHA2DS2-VASC patients with dementia were significantly more likely to experience inferior overall survival (HR = 1.8; P = 0.001) and shorter time to thrombosis (HR = 2.3; P = 0.019). CONCLUSION Our findings speak in support of increased thrombotic and mortality risks in patients with dementia, possibly due to inadequate anticoagulation and higher number of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jurin
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Lucijanić
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Radonić
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Letilović
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Pejić
- Thoracic Surgery Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ida Tješić-Drinković
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Irzal Hadžibegović
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of DentalMedicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia
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Gao X, Huang D, Hu Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Liu F, Luo J. Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs. Vitamin K Antagonists in Atrial Fibrillation Patients at Risk of Falling: A Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:833329. [PMID: 35615562 PMCID: PMC9124845 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.833329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and warfarin are usually used for people with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, for the AF patients at risk of falling, the effectiveness and safety outcomes of DOACs compared with warfarin remain unclear. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis regarding the effectiveness and safety of DOACs vs. warfarin in AF patients at risk of falling. Methods A search of the PubMed and Embase databases until November 2021 was performed. We included studies if they satisfied the following criteria: (1) study type: randomized clinical trials or observational cohort studies. (2) Comparisons: effectiveness and/or safety of DOACs (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, or edoxaban) compared with warfarin. (3) Study data: the sample size, the number of events in the VKAs or DOACs groups, adjusted risk ratios (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). (4) Study outcomes: stroke or systemic embolism (SSE), ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), all-cause death, and cardiovascular death; major bleeding, major or clinically relevant non-major (CRNM) bleeding, intracranial bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, and any bleeding. (5) Study population: patients at risk of falling. According to the Morse Fall Scale, the risk of falling relates to the history of falling, secondary diagnosis, ambulatory aids, intravenous therapy, type of gait, and mental status. In this meta-analysis, if the patient's MFS score is ≥25 points, he will be thought of as having the risk of falling. The adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled by a random-effects model with an inverse variance method. Results Three cohort studies were included in our study. For the effectiveness outcomes, the use of DOACs was only associated with a significantly reduced risk of hemorrhagic stroke (RR = 0.28, 95%CI:0.10-0.75) compared with warfarin, but there were no significant differences in stroke or systemic embolism (SSE) (RR = 0.87, 95%CI:0.70-1.08), cardiovascular death (RR = 0.97, 95%CI:0.73-1.29) and all-cause death (RR = 0.90, 95%CI:0.72-1.11). For the safety outcomes, the use of DOACs was significantly associated with reduced risks of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding (RR = 0.77, 95%CI:0.61-0.98) and intracranial bleeding (RR = 0.26, 95%CI:0.11-0.66) but not major bleeding (RR = 0.78, 95%CI:0.58-1.06). Conclusions Compared with warfarin, the use of DOACs in AF patients at risk of falling is significantly associated with reduced risks of hemorrhagic stroke, major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding, and intracranial bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Gao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhuzhou, Changsha Medical University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Donghua Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yuting Hu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haidong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
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Minimally invasive thoracoscopic left atrial appendage occlusion compared with transcatheter left atrial appendage closure for stroke prevention in recurrent nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients after radiofrequency ablation: a prospective cohort study. J Geriatr Cardiol 2021; 18:877-885. [PMID: 34908925 PMCID: PMC8648546 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tanscatheter left atrial appendage (LAA) closure and minimally invasive thoracoscopic LAA occlusion are local interventions of LAA for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). However, the safety and efficacy of these methods have not been compared. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of those two treatment approaches for stroke prevention in NVAF patients. METHODS Two hundred and nine recurrent NVAF patients who received radiofrequency ablation were enrolled. These patients were treated with transcatheter LAA closure or thoracoscopic LAA occlusion. The patients were followed up from the first postoperative day and evaluated for efficacy endpoints (stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), systemic embolism (SE), and death) and a safety endpoint (bleeding events). Perioperative complications were recorded. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 1.8 years (383 patient-years), the overall rate of the composite efficacy endpoints was similar between the two groups (3.8 vs. 2.7 events per 100 patient-years; HR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.225-2.237; P = 0.559). However, regarding primary safety endpoint, there were 1.5 bleeding events per 100 patient-years in the thoracoscopic LAA occlusion group, compared with 6.4 in transcatheter LAA closure group (HR = 0.246; 95% CI: 0.074-0.819; P = 0.022). The incidence of operative complications was 3/138 (2.17%) in thoracoscopic LAA occlusion group and 1/71 (1.41%) in transcatheter LAA closure group. CONCLUSIONS Thoracoscopic LAA occlusion and transcatheter LAA closure have similar efficacy in preventing stroke in NVAF patients. However, the thoracoscopic group had fewer bleeding events than the transcatheter group, but the former group required a longer hospital stay.
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Hadžibegović I, Jurin I, Letilović T, Radonić V, Jurin H, Mikšić Š, Lucijanić M. Changes of recommended anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and high thrombotic risk: long-term follow-up data from two hospital centers. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2021; 19:857-863. [PMID: 34338106 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2021.1962293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim : To investigate changes of anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and high thrombotic risk.Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 1061 patients with non-valvular AF and indication for anticoagulation therapy referred in a period from 2013 to 2018 and followed-up for a median time of 38 months.Results : Therapy change occurred in 206 (19.5%) patients (195 switches and 11 permanent discontinuations). Only 37% of patients on warfarin had optimal dosing and their duration of therapy was significantly shorter compared to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs; (adjusted HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.37). Therapy change occurred in only 33% of patients with poorly controlled warfarin, and in only 24% of patients that experienced a thrombotic event while taking warfarin. Optimal dosing was an independent factor for any therapy change during follow-up, irrespective of type of anticoagulant drug at baseline. DOAC swapping occurred in 39% of all DOAC to DOAC switches, with one bleeding event and no thrombotic events documented after a DOAC swap.Conclusion : High risk patients with AF rarely discontinue anticoagulation therapy. The need for therapy change should be emphasized in patients with non-optimal dosing, and in patients that experience thrombotic events while taking warfarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irzal Hadžibegović
- Department for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jurin
- Department for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Letilović
- Department for Cardiology, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia.,Internal medicine department, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Radonić
- Department for Cardiology, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Jurin
- Internal medicine department, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Štefica Mikšić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marko Lucijanić
- Internal medicine department, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department for Hematology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
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Jurin I, Lucijanić M, Radonić V, Letilović T, Lucijanić J, Mesarov S, Zagorec N, Hadžibegović I. The Risk of Falling and Consequences of Falling in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Different Types of Anticoagulant. Drugs Aging 2021; 38:417-425. [PMID: 33650035 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-021-00843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the predictors of falls requiring a visit to the emergency department in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving different types of anticoagulants and to investigate the clinical consequences of falling in the same population. METHODS A total of 1217 patients with nonvalvular AF from two institutions were retrospectively evaluated. Each patient underwent a physical examination, and clinical histories and medication profiles were taken from each patient at baseline. RESULTS The median age of our cohort was 71 years; 52.3% were males, and 86.1% of patients were receiving anticoagulation at study baseline. The 5-year freedom-from-falling rate was 81.6%. The use and type of anticoagulation was not significantly associated with the risk of falling (P = 0.222), whereas higher Morse Fall Scale (MFS), CHA2DS2-VASC (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category), and HAS-BLED (hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile international normalized ratio, elderly [> 65 years], drugs/alcohol concomitantly) scores were significantly associated with a higher hazard of the first fall in univariate analyses. In the multivariate Cox regression model, MFS, older age, osteoporosis, higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, higher diastolic blood pressure, and use of amiodarone, diuretics, or short- and medium-acting benzodiazepines were mutually independent predictors of the first fall. Of 163 patients, 93 (57%) had a bone fracture during the fall. Type of anticoagulation significantly affected survival after the first fall (P < 0.001): patients inadequately anticoagulated with warfarin had worse survival rates, and patients receiving apixaban and dabigatran had the best survival rates after the first fall. CONCLUSION Older patients who had comorbidities and were taking amiodarone, diuretics, or short- or medium-acting benzodiazepines had the highest risk of falls. The type and quality of anticoagulation did not seem to affect the risk of falling but did significantly affect survival after the first fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jurin
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Lucijanić
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. .,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vedran Radonić
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Letilović
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Stjepan Mesarov
- Urology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Zagorec
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irzal Hadžibegović
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia
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