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Yang H, Liu Y, Chen L, Zhao J, Guo M, Zhao X, Wen Z, He Z, Chen C, Xu L. MiRNA-Based Therapies for Lung Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges? Biomolecules 2023; 13:877. [PMID: 37371458 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, posing a serious health risk. Despite new advances in immune checkpoint and targeted therapies in recent years, the prognosis for lung cancer patients, especially those in advanced stages, remains poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to modulate tumor development at multiple levels, and as such, miRNA mimics and molecules aimed at regulating miRNAs have shown promise in preclinical development. More importantly, miRNA-based therapies can also complement conventional chemoradiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies to reverse drug resistance and increase the sensitivity of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) and miRNA-based therapies have entered clinical trials and have shown favorable development prospects. Therefore, in this paper, we review recent advances in miRNA-based therapies in lung cancer treatment as well as adjuvant therapy and present the current state of clinical lung cancer treatment. We also discuss the challenges facing miRNA-based therapies in the clinical application of lung cancer treatment to provide new ideas for the development of novel lung cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Soochow University, Soochow 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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Hassanein SS, Ibrahim SA, Abdel-Mawgood AL. Cell Behavior of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Is at EGFR and MicroRNAs Hands. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12496. [PMID: 34830377 PMCID: PMC8621388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a complex disease associated with gene mutations, particularly mutations of Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are the two major types of lung cancer. The former includes most lung cancers (85%) and are commonly associated with EGFR mutations. Several EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), including erlotinib, gefitinib, and osimertinib, are effective therapeutic agents in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. However, their effectiveness is limited by the development (acquired) or presence of intrinsic drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key gene regulators that play a profound role in the development and outcomes for NSCLC via their role as oncogenes or oncosuppressors. The regulatory role of miRNA-dependent EGFR crosstalk depends on EGFR signaling pathway, including Rat Sarcoma/Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 (Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK1/2), Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT), Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of Activated B Cells (NF-kB), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2). Dysregulated expression of miRNAs affects sensitivity to treatment with EGFR-TKIs. Thus, abnormalities in miRNA-dependent EGFR crosstalk can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets in NSCLC. In this review, we present an overview of miRNA-dependent EGFR expression regulation, which modulates the behavior and progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sayed Hassanein
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | | | - Ahmed Lotfy Abdel-Mawgood
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
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Kim DM, Kim MJ, Moon JH, Lee EY, Hong JK, Lee S, Koh DI, Ryu YS, Kim SM, Jung SA, Shin JS, Kim J, Park YS, Hong SW, Lee SH, Jung J, Park SS, Kim DY, Kim EH, Jeong HR, Gong JH, Kim J, Chan Kim S, Yu HN, Ki SY, Kim TW, Jin DH. Inhibition of JAK1/2 can overcome EGFR-TKI resistance in human NSCLC. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:305-310. [PMID: 32446385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cancer in the world. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is mutated in approximately 10% of lung cancer cases in the US and 50% of lung cancer in Asia. The representative target therapeutic agent, erlotinib (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor; EGFR TKI), is effective in inactivating EGFR in lung cancer patients. However, approximately 50-60% of patients are resistant to EGFR TKI. These populations are associated with the EGFR mutation. To overcome resistance to EGFR TKI, we discovered a JAK1 inhibitor, CJ14939. We investigated the efficacy of CJ14939 in human NSCLC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that CJ14939 induced the inhibition of cell growth. Moreover, we demonstrated that combination treatment with erlotinib and CJ14939 induced cell death in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. In addition, we confirmed the suppression of phosphorylated EGFR, JAK1, and Stat3 expression in erlotinib and CJ14939-treated human NSCLC cell lines. Our results provide evidence that JAK inhibition overcomes resistance to EGFR TKI in human NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Min Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Korea
| | - Mi Jin Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Korea
| | - Jai-Hee Moon
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ki Hong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-In Koh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae Seong Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Mi Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-A Jung
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sik Shin
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Park
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Hong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyee Jung
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Park
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ho Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Jeong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Gong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chan Kim
- CJ HealthCare R&D Center, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Na Yu
- CJ HealthCare R&D Center, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Ki
- CJ HealthCare R&D Center, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Korea.
| | - Dong-Hoon Jin
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Korea.
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He Z, Gong F, Liao J, Wang Q, Su Y, Chen C, Lin J, Lin RJ. Spred-3 mutation and Ras/Raf/MAPK activation confer acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor in an EGFR mutated NSCLC cell line. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:2542-2555. [PMID: 35117614 PMCID: PMC8797694 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.03.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the emergence of EGFR-TKIs resistance poses a big challenge to the treatment. Although several resistant mutations have been identified, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying acquired EGFR-TKIs resistance remains incomplete. This study aimed to identify novel mutations and mechanisms that could contribute to acquired EGFR-TKIs resistance in EGFR mutated NSCLC cells. Methods Erlotinib resistant cells (HCC827/ER cells) were generated from the EGFR mutated NSCLC cell line HCC827, and whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify gene mutations in HCC827/ER cells. The Spred-3 expression was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting assays, and the p-p44/42, p44/42, p-Akt and Akt expression was determined using Western blotting. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 value) was measured using the MTS assay, and cell migration was detected with a Transwell migration assay. Results Whole-exome sequencing identified deletion mutation c.120delG at exon 1 of the Spred-3 gene, resulting in a p.E40fs change in amino acid, in HCC827/ER cells. The Spred-3 expression was much reduced in HCC827/ER cells as compared to the HCC827 cells at both mRNA and protein levels. Knocking out Spred-3 in HCC827 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 increased erlotinib resistance and cell migration, while overexpressing Spred-3 in HCC827/ER cells using a cDNA construct reduced erlotinib resistance and cell migration. We also showed the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway was activated in HCC827/ER cells, and inhibiting ERK1/2 in HCC827/Spred-3-sgRNA cells resulted in reduced erlotinib resistance and cell migration. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that a loss-of-function mutation in Spred-3 resulted in activation of the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway that confers resistance to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC cells harboring an EGFR mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong He
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translation Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Fusheng Gong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Jinrong Liao
- Department of Radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Jinghui Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Ren-Jang Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Mondal P, Natesh J, Kamal MA, Meeran SM. Non-coding RNAs in Lung Cancer Chemoresistance. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:1023-1032. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200106105201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide with limited
treatment options. The major available treatment options are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and combinations
of these treatments. In chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and taxol are the first lines of chemotherapeutics
used for the treatment of lung cancer. Often drug resistance in the clinical settings hinders the efficiency of the
treatment and intrigues the tumor relapse. Drug-resistance is triggered either by intrinsic factors or due to the
prolonged cycles of chemotherapy as an acquired-resistance. There is an emerging role of non-coding RNAs
(ncRNAs), including notorious microRNAs (miRNAs), proposed to be actively involved in the regulations of various
tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes.
Result:
The altered gene expression by miRNA is largely mediated either by the degradation or by interfering with
the translation of targeted mRNA. Unlike miRNA, other type of ncRNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs
(lncRNAs), can target the transcriptional activator or the repressor, RNA polymerase, and even DNA-duplex to
regulate the gene expressions. Many studies have confirmed the crucial role of ncRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma
progression and importantly, in the acquisition of chemoresistance. Recently, ncRNAs have become early biomarkers
and therapeutic targets for lung cancer.
Conclusion:
Targeting ncRNAs could be an effective approach for the development of novel therapeutics against
lung cancer and to overcome the chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - Jagadish Natesh
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
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Xiong R, Sun XX, Wu HR, Xu GW, Wang GX, Sun XH, Xu MQ, Xie MR. Mechanism research of miR-34a regulates Axl in non-small-cell lung cancer with gefitinib-acquired resistance. Thorac Cancer 2019; 11:156-165. [PMID: 31777195 PMCID: PMC6938762 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the regulatory mechanism behind miR‐34a‐altered Axl levels in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with gefitinib‐acquired resistance. Methods The expression of miR‐34a, Axl, Gas6 and related downstream signaling proteins in the EGFR mutant NSCLC cell lines were determined by qRT‐PCR and Western blot; PC9‐Gef‐miR‐34a and HCC827‐Gef‐miR‐34a cells were established by transfecting the parent cells with a miR‐34a overexpressing virus, then the expression of Axl, Gas6 and the downstream channel‐related proteins were also compared in PC9‐Gef‐miR‐34a and HCC827‐Gef‐miR‐34a and drug‐resistant strains. The survival rate of the cells were measured by CCK8 assay. A luciferase reporter detected whether Axl was the target of miR‐34a. Finally, a tumor‐bearing nude mouse model was established to verify the relationship between the expression of miR‐34a, Axl and Gas6 mRNA in vivo. Results The expression levels of Axl mRNA and protein, Gas6 mRNA and protein, and related downstream proteins in PC9‐Gef and HCC827‐Gef cell lines were higher than those in PC9 and HCC827 parental cell lines, while the expression of miR‐34a was lower than it was in the parental cell lines (P < 0.05). The expression of Axl mRNA and protein, Gas6 mRNA and protein, and related downstream signaling proteins in PC9‐Gef and HCC827‐Gef cell lines was higher than the expression in PC9‐Gef‐miR‐34a and HCC827‐Gef‐miR‐34a cells, which overexpressed miR‐34a (P < 0.05). Conclusion The miR‐34a regulation of Axl plays an important role in NSCLC‐acquired gefitinib resistance, and their expression is inversely correlated, which suggests that they can be used as prognostic markers or potential therapeutic targets for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Han-Ran Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guang-Wen Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Gao-Xiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mei-Qing Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Ran Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Overcoming acquired resistance of gefitinib in lung cancer cells without T790M by AZD9291 or Twist1 knockdown in vitro and in vivo. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1555-1571. [PMID: 30993382 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The T790M mutation is recognized as a typical mechanism of acquired resistance to first generation of epithermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) such as gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who are commonly treated by third generation of EGFR-TKI AZD9291 (osimertinib). However, the therapeutic strategy for overcoming acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC patients without T790M remains to be definitively determined. In the present study, gefitinib-resistant H1650 (H1650GR) or AZD9291-resistant H1975 (H1975AR) was generated by exposing NSCLC cell line H1650 or H1975 to progressively increased concentrations of gefitinib or AZD9291 over 11 months. The cytotoxic effects of gefitinib or AZD9291 in vitro were evaluated via the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) determined by the MTT assay. IC50 of gefitinib in H1650GR (50.0 ± 3.0 µM) significantly increased compared with H1650 (31.0 ± 1.0 µM) (p < 0.05). Similarly, the IC50 of AZD9291 in H1975AR (10.3 ± 0.9 µM) significantly increased compared with H1975 (5.5 ± 0.6 µM) (p < 0.05). However, IC50 of AZD9291 on H1650GR (8.5 ± 0.5 µM) did not increase compared with H1650 (9.7 ± 0.7 µM). On the other hand, IC50 of AZD9291 on gefitinib-resistant A549 (A549GR established in our previous study) (12.7 ± 0.8 µM) was significantly increased compared with A549 (7.0 ± 1.0 µM) (p < 0.05). AZD9291 induced caspase 3/7 activation in A549, H1650, and H1650GR, but not in A549GR. Western blot analyses showed that p-Akt played a key role in determining the sensitivities of A549, A549GR, H1650, and H1650GR to gefitinib or AZD9291. Additionally, increased expression of Twist1 was observed in all cells with acquired EGFR-TKI resistance and knockdown of Twist1 by shRNA was found to significantly enhance the sensitivity of A549GR to gefitinib or AZD9291 via reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and downregulating p-Akt, but not of H1975AR to AZD9291. The enhanced cytotoxic effect of AZD9291 on A549GR by Twist1 knockdown in vitro was further validated by in vivo studies which showed that Twist1 knockdown could lead to significantly delayed tumor growth of A549GR xenograft with increased sensitivity to AZD9291 treatment in nude mice without any observed side toxic effects. In summary, our study demonstrated that the mechanisms of acquired resistance in different NSCLC cell lines treated by even the same EGFR-TKI might be quite different, which provide a rationale for adopting different therapeutic strategies for those NSCLC patients with acquired EGFR-TKI resistance based on different status of heterogeneous mutations.
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Xie M, Ma L, Xu T, Pan Y, Wang Q, Wei Y, Shu Y. Potential Regulatory Roles of MicroRNAs and Long Noncoding RNAs in Anticancer Therapies. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:233-243. [PMID: 30317163 PMCID: PMC6190501 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs have long been investigated due to their roles as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancers and regulators of tumorigenesis, and the potential regulatory roles of these molecules in anticancer therapies are attracting increasing interest as more in-depth studies are performed. The major clinical therapies for cancer include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted molecular therapy. MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs function through various mechanisms in these approaches, and the mechanisms involve direct targeting of immune checkpoints, cooperation with exosomes in the tumor microenvironment, and alteration of drug resistance through regulation of different signaling pathways. Herein we review the regulatory functions and significance of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in three anticancer therapies, especially in targeted molecular therapy, and their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongpeng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yutian Pan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yutian Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Ma Y, Pan X, Xu P, Mi Y, Wang W, Wu X, He Q, Liu X, Tang W, An HX. Plasma microRNA alterations between EGFR-activating mutational NSCLC patients with and without primary resistance to TKI. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88529-88536. [PMID: 29179454 PMCID: PMC5687624 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have obtained excellent therapeutic effects against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating EGFR mutations. However, some patients have exhibited primary resistance which becomes a major obstacle in effective treatment of NSCLC. The mechanisms of EGFR-TKIs resistance involved are still poorly understood. Many studies suggest that miRNAs play an important role in regulating drug sensitivity of EGFR-TKIs. The aim of the present study was to examine differentially expressed miRNAs in plasma between EGFR-TKIs sensitive and EGFR-TKIs primary resistance patients. MiRNA microarray of plasma from patients' blood identified 16 differentially expressed miRNAs of which 15 (hsv2-miR-H19, hsa-miR-744-5p, hsa-miR-3196, hsa-miR-3153, hsa-miR-4791, hsa-miR-4803, hsa-miR-4796-3p, hsa-miR-372-5p, hsa-miR-138-2-3p, hsa-miR-16-1-3p, hsa-miR-1469, hsa-miR-585-3p, ebv-miR-BART14-5p, hsa-miR-769-3p, hsa-miR-548aq-5p) were down regulated while only hsa-miR-503-3p was up regulated in primary resistant patients' plasma. Volcano plot and hierarchical clustering were performed to examine the accuracy of the miRNAs. Then validation with quantitative real-time PCR was performed and the result was in accordance with the array data. Functional analysis of these differentially expressed miRNAs with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed a common signaling network including MYC, CCND1, IGF1 and RELA. In conclusion, our finding may play important role in understanding the mechanisms underlying the problem and should be further evaluated as potential biomarkers in primary resistance of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Ma
- Xiamen Cancer Hospital the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 361003 Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- Xiamen Cancer Hospital the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 361003 Fujian, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, 276000 Shandong, China
| | - Peiqi Xu
- Reproduction Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650101 Yunnan, China
| | - Yanjun Mi
- Xiamen Cancer Hospital the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 361003 Fujian, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Xiamen Cancer Hospital the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 361003 Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Xiamen Cancer Hospital the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 361003 Fujian, China
| | - Qi He
- Xiamen Cancer Hospital the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 361003 Fujian, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- Xiamen Cancer Hospital the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 361003 Fujian, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Xiamen Cancer Hospital the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 361003 Fujian, China
| | - Han-Xiang An
- Xiamen Cancer Hospital the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 361003 Fujian, China
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10
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miRNAs as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Perspectives. Target Oncol 2017; 12:179-200. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-017-0478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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MicroRNA In Lung Cancer: Novel Biomarkers and Potential Tools for Treatment. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5030036. [PMID: 27005669 PMCID: PMC4810107 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide. The lack of specific and sensitive tools for early diagnosis as well as still-inadequate targeted therapies contribute to poor outcomes. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by translational repression or degradation of target mRNAs. A growing body of evidence suggests various roles of microRNAs including development and progression of lung cancer. In lung cancer, several studies have showed that certain microRNA profiles classified lung cancer subtypes, and that specific microRNA expression signatures distinguished between better-prognosis and worse-prognosis lung cancers. Furthermore, microRNAs circulate in body fluids, and therefore may serve as promising biomarkers for early diagnosis of lung cancer as well as for predicting prognosis of patients. In the present review, we briefly summarize microRNAs in the development and progression of lung cancer, focusing on possible applications of microRNAs as novel biomarkers and tools for treatment.
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