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Faeq DT, Ahmed DR, Aziz IA, Yıldırım M. Perceptions and usage of traditional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and waterpipes among young and middle-aged adults in Iraq: A descriptive study. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38949647 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2024.2366982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco use poses significant public health concerns, linked to various mental and physical health outcomes. Iraq has a high prevalence of smoking, predominantly with traditional cigarettes, but there is also growing popularity of electronic cigarettes and waterpipes among younger and middle-aged adults. This study aims to explore the perceptions and usage of traditional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and waterpipes among this population in Iraq. A descriptive study was conducted among 402 young and middle-aged adults (50.25% females), aged between 18 and 45 years, with a mean age of 25.88 (SD = 7.27). For the data collection, an online questionnaire was developed utilizing distribution channels on common social networking platforms. The results showed that 41.79% of respondents have used traditional cigarettes, while 31.1% of participants reported that they use electronic cigarettes. Ninety-four per cent of respondents acknowledged that they use waterpipes. The results also indicated that a significant proportion believe that using electronic cigarettes is either much more harmful or more harmful than traditional cigarettes. Participants commonly perceived all three types of tobacco products as highly harmful, including secondhand smoke, addictive qualities, and popularity among peers. Additionally, significant differences in perceptions emerged between smokers and nonsmokers regarding electronic cigarettes and traditional cigarettes, although no such differences were observed for waterpipes. These findings contribute to understanding the attitudes toward different forms of tobacco use among respondents, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address the perceived harm associated with tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Murat Yıldırım
- Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Ağrı, Turkey
- Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Mahamid F, Bdier D. Life stressors, tobacco use, and mental health among Palestinian youths: The mediating role of quality of life and physical activity. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38165359 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2297387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The current study tested the association between life stressors and tobacco use and mental health outcomes, including depression and anxiety, among Palestinian youths and whether quality of life (QoL) and physical activity can mediate the association between these variables. The sample consisted of 405 Palestinian youths, 245 male and 160 female; all were selected using online methods. Our findings revealed that life stressors were positively correlated with tobacco use (r = .20, p < .01), anxiety (r = -0.32, p < .01), and depression (r = .23, p < .01), while life stressors were negatively correlated with physical activity (r = -0.15, p < .01) and QoL (r = -0.41, p < .01). Results of structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that QoL and physical activity mediated the association between life stressors and depression and anxiety. Our findings underline the importance of increasing physical activity levels among youths as a protective factor against tobacco use, depression, and anxiety. Moreover, community and school-based interventions to promote QoL and positive mental health in adolescents and youths should incorporate frequent physical activity and engagement in individual or team sports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana Bdier
- An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Al-Ani RM, Alaqeedy AA, Rashid RA. Prevalence and risk factors of the pregnancy rhinitis at Tikrit General Hospital, Tikrit City, Iraq. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43163-022-00344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pregnancy rhinitis (PR) is a relatively common condition with a prevalence of 20%. We aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors of the PR. A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Obstetric and Gyenocology and Otolaryngology Departments in the Tikrit General Hospital, Tikrit City, Iraq. The study covered 12 months (September 2019–September 2020). Pregnant women were divided into two groups; with and without PR. Data regarding the age, body mass index (BMI), occupation, smoking, clinical features, parity, gestational age, and sex of the baby were recorded. Visual analog scale (VAS) and nasal-obstructive-symptom-evaluation (NOSE) scale were used for the evaluation of the nasal obstruction.
Results
The prevalence of the PR was 11.65% (110/944 pregnant women). Rhinorrhea was the commonest associated feature with nasal obstruction of the PR (n = 48, 43.6%). Ninety percent of the patients were in the age group < 35 years. The majority of the subjects were housewives (n = 551, 58.4%), in the second trimester (n = 456, 48.3%), and in the parity group 0–2 (n = 511, 54.1%). The female baby was found in 56.5% of the patients (n = 533). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups: women with and without PR regarding the BMI and gestational age (first trimester) (P value = 0.001). No history of current smoking was found in all women.
Conclusion
The prevalence of PR was 11.65% and was mostly seen in the first trimester. High BMI and pregnant women in the first trimester were considered risk factors for the PR.
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Gudi N, Swain A, Kulkarni MM, Pattanshetty S, Zodpey S. Tobacco prevention and control interventions in humanitarian settings: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058225. [PMID: 35906062 PMCID: PMC9345044 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco has been a complex global problem that has adversely affected almost all the sectors of society. However, the ill-effects are often most reflected in humanitarian settings, which inadvertently are surmounted by fragile systems. We aim to map tobacco prevention and control intervention in humanitarian settings. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This scoping review will follow the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute. A comprehensive search strategy was designed using Medical Subject Heading terms, subject experts and pertinent reviews. The search was conducted on Medline (through PubMed and Ovid), EMBASE (through OVID), ProQuest Health and Medical Complete, EBSCO (through CINAHL Complete), Scopus and Web of Science databases. Two reviewers will independently screen the identified studies on removing duplicates, which shall be followed by data extraction using a pretested data extraction form. A narrative synthesis approach will be employed to collate the findings from the studies and tabular formats would be used to aid the representation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This review will identify, map and synthesise the interventions for tobacco prevention and control in the humanitarian settings. An ethics committee approval was not sought for this body of work as it does not include human subjects. Results from the study will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiket Gudi
- Public Health Evidence South Asia, Department of Health Information, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Muralidhar M Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Pattanshetty
- Department of Global Health, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Bhatta DN, Adhikari R. Conflict of interest and tobacco control: Why does it matter? Tob Prev Cessat 2022; 8:16. [PMID: 35509430 PMCID: PMC9006331 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/146893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dharma N. Bhatta
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, Peoples Dental College, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ruchi Adhikari
- School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, California, United States
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Lewison G, Hussain SF, Guo P, Harding R, Mukherji D, Sittah GA, Aggarwal A, Fouad F, Bhoo-Pathy N, Shamieh O, Torode J, Kutluk T, Sullivan R. Cancer research in the 57 Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries, 2008-17. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:1094. [PMID: 33014136 PMCID: PMC7498278 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The 57 countries of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) are experiencing rapid increases in their burden of cancer. The First Ladies Against Cancer meeting at the 2016 OIC meeting in Istanbul committed to the importance of cancer control and the need for more evidence to support national cancer control planning (NCCP). Strong research systems are a crucial aspect of NCCP, but few data exist to support policy-makers across this political grouping Methodology We identified all cancer research papers from OIC countries in the Web of Science from 2008 to 2017 with a filter based on journal names and title words, with high precision and recall. We analysed the country outputs, the cancer sites investigated, the types of research, sources of funding and the citations to the papers. Results There were 49,712 cancer research papers over this period. The leading countries in terms of output were Turkey, Iran, Egypt and Malaysia, but the most cited papers were from Qatar, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. International collaboration was low, except in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. The site-specific cancers accounting for most research were breast and blood, correlating with their disease burden in the OIC countries, but lung, cervical and oesophageal cancers were relatively under-researched. Most funding from within the OIC countries was from their own university sector. Conclusion Cancer is seriously under-researched in most of the OIC countries. This will undermine the ability of these countries and OIC as a whole to deliver on better cancer control for their populations. New policies, OIC leadership and funding are urgently needed to address this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Lewison
- King's College London, Institute for Cancer Policy, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Shoaib Fahad Hussain
- Conflict and Health Research Group, School of Security Studies, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ping Guo
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London SE 9PJ, UK
| | - Richard Harding
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London SE 9PJ, UK
| | | | | | - Ajay Aggarwal
- King's College London, Institute for Cancer Policy, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Fouad Fouad
- American University of Beirut, Faculty of Health Science, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nirmala Bhoo-Pathy
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Omar Shamieh
- King Hussein Cancer Centre, Amman, Jordan.,School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Julie Torode
- Union for International Cancer Control (UICC), Avenue Giuseppe Motta 31-33, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Richard Sullivan
- King's College London, Institute for Cancer Policy, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Jaworski A, Green B, Kennett K, Mayol A, Rowe R. Tobacco cessation experiences and needs: perspectives from Arabic-speaking communities. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 21:1010-1028. [PMID: 32990528 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1824837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Use of tobacco products is higher in Arabic-speaking communities in Australia, compared to other populations. 70 persons identifying as being from Arabic-speaking communities in Western Sydney participated in focus group discussions to explore experiences and needs relating to tobacco, alcohol and other drug treatment. Tobacco was rated as the substance of highest concern in this sample, however a pattern of change was observed. Widespread cigarette use supported by gendered norms that particularly encouraged smoking among men was shifting, with some decline in the social acceptability of cigarette smoking linked to experience of health impacts and the financial cost to families. In contrast, waterpipe tobacco smoking was described as a common and acceptable practice across age and gender cohorts, despite some participants challenging the cultural and health rationales of this practice. Preventing tobacco-related harm among younger populations was highly valued among study participants, drawing on strong support for families as key influencer of health behaviors. Cessation strategies viewed as effective among community members spoken with commonly centered upon the notion of individual willpower, and appreciated the disincentivising impacts of high taxation on cigarettes. This study prioritizes community-informed perspectives for reducing tobacco related harms amongst Arabic-speaking populations in Australia and offers direction to health promoters, public health workers and policymakers. Results indicate opportunities exist to improve tobacco control outcomes through strategies that align prevention and treatment options with relevant community beliefs and norms, and build on existing harm reduction behaviors and support seeking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Jaworski
- Drug and Alcohol Multicultural Education Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Belinda Green
- Drug and Alcohol Multicultural Education Centre, Sydney, Australia.,NSW Health Education Centre Against Violence, North Parramatta, Australia
| | - Kate Kennett
- Centre for Population Health, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, Australia
| | - Abeny Mayol
- Drug and Alcohol Multicultural Education Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel Rowe
- School of Public Health & Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mired
- Union for International Cancer Control, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sonali Johnson
- Union for International Cancer Control, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gevorg Tamamyan
- Yerevan State Medical University, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Yerevan, Armenia.
- Pediatric Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Armenia, Hematology Center after Prof. R.H.Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia.
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Ibrahim BA, Al-Humaish S, Al-Obaide MAI. Tobacco Smoking, Lung Cancer, and Therapy in Iraq: Current Perspective. Front Public Health 2018; 6:311. [PMID: 30416993 PMCID: PMC6212484 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a research topic of high interest to the public health in Iraq. Although Iraq is a country with a high percentage of smokers, we noticed the dearth of adequate studies and programs to deal with this problem. The percentage of smokers exceed 30% of the population and smoking problem becomes a permanent habit in adults and young people. The problems associated with tobacco smoking behavior related to individuals' post-traumatic stress disorder following post-war conflicts, and the social and cultural environment. The health consequences of tobacco smoking can harm almost every organ in the body, and there are reports confirmed the tobacco smoking is a high-risk factor for lung cancer and other diseases. The relative risk of lung cancer increases with increasing duration and intensity of smoking. Also, smoking associated with bladder, prostate, and head and neck cancers, in addition to respiratory diseases. Intervention efforts should focus on reducing the prevalence of cigarette smoking, introduce effective treatments for cancer and quit smoking. In this perspective article, we present our viewpoint and three scenarios to deal with the problem of tobacco smoking in Iraq. We recommend introducing educational, health and legislative policies for quitting smoking and using effective treatments for cancer.
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