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Álvarez-González B, Hernández AF, Zafra-Gómez A, Chica-Redecillas L, Cuenca-López S, Vázquez-Alonso F, Martínez-González LJ, Álvarez-Cubero MJ. Exposure to environmental pollutants and genetic variants related to oxidative stress and xenobiotic metabolism-Association with prostate cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104455. [PMID: 38657881 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed whether genetic variants coding for certain enzymes involved in xenobiotic detoxification, antioxidant defences and DNA repair, along with exposure to environmental chemicals, were associated with an increased prostate cancer (PCa) risk. The study population consisted of 300 men (150 PCa cases and 150 controls) which underwent prostate biopsy as their serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were greater than 4 ng/ml. Genetic variants in GSTM1, GSTP1, SOD2, CAT, GPX1, XRCC1 were determined and data for chemical exposures was obtained through a structured questionnaire and by biomonitoring in a subsample of cases and controls. High serum PSA levels were associated with a greater risk of PCa, while physical exercise appears to exert a protective effect against its development. In addition, elevated urinary levels of certain organic pollutants, such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), bisphenol A (BPA), and ethyl-paraben (EPB), were associated with an increased risk of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Álvarez-González
- University of Granada, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Technology Park (PTS), Granada, Spain; GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park (PTS), Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- University of Granada, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Technology Park (PTS), Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Biosanitary Research Institute, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Campus of Fuentenueva, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Lucia Chica-Redecillas
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park (PTS), Granada, Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Technology Park (PTS), Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Cuenca-López
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park (PTS), Granada, Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Technology Park (PTS), Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Vázquez-Alonso
- Urology Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Martínez-González
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park (PTS), Granada, Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Technology Park (PTS), Granada, Spain
| | - María Jesús Álvarez-Cubero
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park (PTS), Granada, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Technology Park (PTS), Granada, Spain
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Abd GM, Laird MC, Ku JC, Li Y. Hypoxia-induced cancer cell reprogramming: a review on how cancer stem cells arise. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1227884. [PMID: 37614497 PMCID: PMC10442830 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1227884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a subset of cells within the tumor that possess the ability to self-renew as well as differentiate into different cancer cell lineages. The exact mechanisms by which cancer stem cells arise is still not completely understood. However, current research suggests that cancer stem cells may originate from normal stem cells that have undergone genetic mutations or epigenetic changes. A more recent discovery is the dedifferentiation of cancer cells to stem-like cells. These stem-like cells have been found to express and even upregulate induced pluripotent stem cell markers known as Yamanaka factors. Here we discuss developments in how cancer stem cells arise and consider how environmental factors, such as hypoxia, plays a key role in promoting the progression of cancer stem cells and metastasis. Understanding the mechanisms that give rise to these cells could have important implications for the development of new strategies in cancer treatments and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M. Abd
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Biomedical. Engineering, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Madison C. Laird
- Medical Students, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jennifer C. Ku
- Medical Students, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Biomedical. Engineering, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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Llanos AAM, McDonald JA, Teteh DK, Bethea TN. Chemical Relaxers and Hair-Straightening Products: Potential Targets for Hormone-Related Cancer Prevention and Control. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1567-1569. [PMID: 36245085 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adana A M Llanos
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jasmine A McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dede K Teteh
- Department of Health Sciences, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Traci N Bethea
- Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities Research, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Glutathione S-Transferases in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050701. [PMID: 33946704 PMCID: PMC8146591 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the glutathione S-transferases (GST) protein family is composed of seven members that present remarkable structural similarity and some degree of overlapping functionalities. GST proteins are crucial antioxidant enzymes that regulate stress-induced signaling pathways. Interestingly, overactive GST proteins are a frequent feature of many human cancers. Recent evidence has revealed that the biology of most GST proteins is complex and multifaceted and that these proteins actively participate in tumorigenic processes such as cell survival, cell proliferation, and drug resistance. Structural and pharmacological studies have identified various GST inhibitors, and these molecules have progressed to clinical trials for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. In this review, we discuss recent findings in GST protein biology and their roles in cancer development, their contribution in chemoresistance, and the development of GST inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Cormier AC. Precautionary Principle: Cancer Prevention Efforts During Critical Periods of Growth and Development. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2019; 23:659-663. [PMID: 31730600 DOI: 10.1188/19.cjon.659-663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the mechanisms of action for all cancer types are not fully known, best practice recommends promoting a healthy lifestyle while avoiding certain substances. Based on environmental science, the precautionary principle is a guideline that suggests that preventive action should be taken when the effects of a substance are unknown or disputed. Oncology nurses and maternal child healthcare professionals can improve cancer prevention through efforts during pregnancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. This article reviews the application of the precautionary principle during critical periods of growth and development and provides recommendations that may prevent epigenetic changes and reduce the risk for cancer.
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