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Nakib CE, Hajjar R, Zerdan MB, Darwish H, Zeidan Y, Alame S, Kassouf HK, Chamseddine N, Assi HI. Glioblastoma multiforme metastasizing to the skin, a case report and literature review. Radiol Case Rep 2021; 17:171-175. [PMID: 34815821 PMCID: PMC8593264 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary central nervous system (CNS) malignancy in adults. It is very aggressive and is notorious for its fast and local invasion of nearby brain parenchyma. Consequently, the overall survival (OS) of patients with GBM is short despite resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimens. The most common sites of metastasis of GBM are the lungs and pleura, cervical lymph nodes, and bone. Metastasis to the skin is a rare event and to our knowledge, there are less than 30 cases of GBM metastasizing to cutaneous or subcutaneous tissue described in the literature. None of these cases were diagnosed and/or treated in the Middle East region; and the majority of the metastases found were adjacent to the site of surgery undergone to remove the primary malignancy. We present the case of a 53-year-old male diagnosed with GBM and later showing signs of metastases at the anterio-auricular side of his face near-distant from the site of previous surgery done to remove the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara El Nakib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rayan Hajjar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maroun Bou Zerdan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Darwish
- Department of Neurosurgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Zeidan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Saada Alame
- Department of Pediatrics, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Kfoury Kassouf
- Department of Pathology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Chamseddine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hazem I. Assi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon,Corresponding author
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Wu X, Wang J, Wang Y. Multiple intracranial and extracranial metastases from postoperative glioblastoma: A case report and review of the literature. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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3
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Frade Porto N, Delgado Fernández J, García Pallero MDLÁ, Penanes Cuesta JR, Pulido Rivas P, Gil Simoes R. Subcutaneous tissue metastasis from glioblastoma multiforme: A case report and review of the literature. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2018; 30:149-154. [PMID: 29778285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucir.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary brain tumor, despite an aggressive clinical course, less than 2% of patients develop extraneural metastasis. We present a 72-year-old male diagnosed with a right temporal glioblastoma due to headache. He underwent total gross resection surgery and after that the patient was treated with adyuvant therapy. Five months after the patient returned with trigeminal neuralgia, and MRI showed an infratemporal cranial mass which infiltrates masticator space, the surrounding bone, the temporal muscle and superior cervical and parotid lymph nodes. The patient underwent a new surgery reaching partial resection of the temporal lesion. After that the patient continued suffering from disabling trigeminal neuralgia, that's why because of the bad clinical situation and the treatment failure we decided to restrict therapeutic efforts. The patient died 3 weeks after the diagnosis of extracranial metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Frade Porto
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, España.
| | | | | | | | - Paloma Pulido Rivas
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - Ricardo Gil Simoes
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, España
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Rennert RC, Hoshide RR, Signorelli JW, Amaro D, Sack JA, Brennan CW, Chen CC. Concurrence of chromosome 6 chromothripsis and glioblastoma metastasis. J Neurosurg 2017; 126:1472-1478. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.4.jns153052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The authors report an unusual case of a widely metastatic glioblastoma. DNA copy number microarray profile of the resected specimen revealed complex rearrangements found throughout chromosome 6, a phenomenon known as chromothripsis. Such chromothripsis pattern was not observed in 50 nonmetastatic glioblastoma specimens analyzed. Analysis of the 1000+ gliomas profiled by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set revealed one case of chromosome 6 chromothripsis resembling the case described here. This TCGA patient died within 6 months of undergoing tumor resection. Implications of these findings are reviewed in the context of the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Deirdre Amaro
- 2Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California; and
| | | | - Cameron W. Brennan
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Jin SG, Ryu HH, Li SY, Li CH, Lim SH, Jang WY, Jung S. Nogo-A inhibits the migration and invasion of human malignant glioma U87MG cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3395-402. [PMID: 27109183 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nogo or reticulon-4 (RTN4), also known as neurite outgrowth inhibitor, is a member of the reticulon family of genes. Nogo-A, one of the three isoforms, is enriched in the central nervous system (CNS). The extracellular domain of Nogo-A, Nogo-66, has neurite growth inhibitory activity that is specific for neurons and is mediated by the Nogo receptor. However, most of its functions are not known yet. We investigated whether Nogo-A modulates the migration and invasion of a glioblastoma cell line, as well as the factors that have an effect on Nogo-A. The expression of Nogo-A was evaluated using western blotting and immunohistochemistry in human brain tumor specimens. U87MG cells were transfected with a sense-Nogo-A cDNA construct (U87-Nogo-A cells expressing Nogo-A) and an empty vector (U87MG-E cells not expressing Nogo-A). The migration and invasion abilities of these cells were investigated using simple scratch and Matrigel invasion assays. Morphologic and cytoskeletal changes were documented by confocal microscopy. The proliferation rate was estimated using doubling time assay. The effects of Nogo-A on Rho activity and phosphorylated cofilin were determined by a Rho activity assay and western blotting. Among primary brain tumors, Nogo-A expression was found in a higher percentage of oligodendrogliomas (90.0%) compared with the percentage in the glioblastomas (68.4%). In addition, the percentage in mixed gliomas was 42.9%, while it was not expressed in pituitary adenomas or schwannomas. The migration and invasion abilities of the U87-Nogo-A cells were decreased compared with the control. In the U87-Nogo-A cell line, Rho activity and phosphorylated cofilin expression were also decreased and morphology became more flat in comparison with the U87MG-E cell line. Nogo-A may inhibit the migration and invasion of human malignant glioma cells via the downregulation of RhoA-cofilin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Guang Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo No. 9 Hospital, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Hyang-Hwa Ryu
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, and Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yuan Li
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, and Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Hao Li
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, and Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa-Hoe Lim
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, and Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Youl Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Clinic and Gamma Knife Center, and Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Jung
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, and Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-763, Republic of Korea
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Kumar V, Singh D, Singh H, Saran RK. A case report of pontine glioblastoma presenting as subcutaneous metastasis in nape of neck in a child. J Pediatr Neurosci 2016; 10:386-8. [PMID: 26962352 PMCID: PMC4770658 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1745.174458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor in adults. Extracranial metastasis of GBM is very rare. The incidence of brainstem glioblastoma is not known due to low biopsy and resection rates. In this case report, we experienced an 11-year-old male who was diagnosed as a case of pontine GBM after biopsy of lesion and underwent radiotherapy with adjuvant chemotherapy. He presented with a subcutaneous swelling in the nape of neck 1 year after the first procedure. Swelling was excised. Pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining confirmed it as GBM. This case shows us that GBM can at times present as a swelling in soft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, G. B. Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Daljit Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, G. B. Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Hukum Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, G. B. Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Saran
- Department of Pathology, G. B. Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
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Wang TL, Lin CL, Tsai SY, Lieu AS. Regional skin invasion by glioblastoma multiforme. FORMOSAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fjs.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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8
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Awan M, Liu S, Sahgal A, Das S, Chao ST, Chang EL, Knisely JPS, Redmond K, Sohn JW, Machtay M, Sloan AE, Mansur DB, Rogers LR, Lo SS. Extra-CNS metastasis from glioblastoma: a rare clinical entity. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:545-52. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1028374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wang Q, Li X, Zhu Y, Yang P. MicroRNA-16 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition‑related gene expression in human glioma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:3310-4. [PMID: 25242314 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most prevalent types of brain tumor and is associated with the highest mortality rate of all CNS cancers. Epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been recognized as an important factor in tumor metastasis. Previously, it has been demonstrated that microRNA-16 (miR-16) has an important role in tumor metastasis in human cancer cell lines. However, the role of miR-16 in epithelial‑mesenchymal transition of human glioma cells remains unclear. In the present study, U87 and U251 glioma cell lines overexpressing miR-16 were established and it was identified that miR-16 suppressed invasion, adhesion, cell cycle, production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and transforming growth factor-β, and EMT-related gene expression, including vimentin, β-catenin and E-cadherin in miR-16 overexpressing U87 and U251 glioma cells. Furthermore, miR-16 suppressed EMT mainly through the downregulation of p-FAK and p-Akt expression, and nuclear factor-κB and Slug transcriptional activity. Therefore, miR-16 may be an important therapeutic target and predictor for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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Wang Q, Zhu Y, Yang P. Is mda-7/IL-24 a potential target and biomarker for enhancing drug sensitivity in human glioma U87 cell line? Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1154-60. [PMID: 23794295 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common form of primary brain tumor with the highest mortality rates. Drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in patients with glioma. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24) has been demonstrated to play an important role in drug resistance in human cancer cell lines. However, the reversing effect of mda-7/IL-24 on drug resistance of human glioma is not fully clear. Here, we investigated the effects of overexpression of the mda-7/IL-24 gene in human glioma. We established a cisplatin-resistant U87 glioma cell line and found that mda-7/IL-24 was highly correlated with drug resistance. Furthermore, we investigated the apoptotic rate, intracellular accumulation of Rhodamine-123, and expression of glutathione and P-glycoprotein. The over-expression of mda-7/IL-24 enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity and reversal of drug resistance in glioma cells. The reversing effect of mda-7/IL-24 on drug resistance was induced mainly through the regulation of drug resistance-related genes and efflux drug pumps. Thus, mda-7/IL-24 can be used as a promising predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target for chemotherapy in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Health Bureau, Tianjin, 300060, China
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