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Ng B, Azzopardi M, Ditchfield A, Zi J, Logeswaran A, Hawthorne I, Ting DSJ, Chong YJ. Cosmetic Contact Lenses in the United Kingdom: Assessment of Online Regulation and Quality of Consumer Health Information. Eye Contact Lens 2024; 50:243-248. [PMID: 38477759 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the compliance of online vendors to the UK Opticians Act 1989 Section 27 requirements and safety regulations for cosmetic contact lens (CCL) sales and the quality of online CCL health information. METHODS The top 50 websites selling CCLs on each three search engines, namely Google, Yahoo, and Bing, were selected. Duplicates were removed, and the remaining websites were systematically analyzed in February 2023. UK legal authorization for CCL sales was assessed using the Opticians Act Section 27 and safety regulations determined by the presence of Conformité Européene (CE) marking. The quality and reliability of online information was graded using the DISCERN (16-80) and JAMA (0-4) scores by two independent reviewers. RESULTS Forty-seven eligible websites were analyzed. Only six (12.7%) met the UK legal authorization for CCL sales. Forty-nine different brands of CCLs were sold on these websites, of which 13 (26.5%) had no CE marking. The mean DISCERN and JAMA benchmark scores were 26 ± 12.2 and 1.3 ± 0.6, respectively (intraclass correlation scores: 0.99 for both). CONCLUSIONS A significant number of websites provide consumers with easy, unsafe, and unregulated access to CCLs. Most online stores do not meet the requirements set out in the Opticians Act for CCL sales in the United Kingdom. A significant number of CCLs lack CE marking, while the average quality of information on websites selling CCLs is poor. Together, these pose a risk to consumers purchasing CCLs from unregulated websites, and therefore, further stringent regulations on the online sales of these products are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ng
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre (B.N., D.S.J.T., Y.J.C.), Birmingham, UK; Christ Church (B.N.), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Ophthalmology Department (M.A.), Royal Free Hospital, London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.D.), London UK; Queen Mary University of London (J.Z.), UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.L.), London, UK; Aston University (I.H.), Birmingham, UK; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (D.S.J.T.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Academic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (D.S.J.T.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; and Lucy Cavendish College (Y.J.C.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Kim S, Kim EJ, Choi EJ, Oh JW, Hur J, Kang YJ, Jeong MJ, Yu HS, Lee JE. Anti-Pseudomonal Effect of Nephrite-Impregnated Contact Lenses. Curr Eye Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38813807 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2349649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the anti-pseudomonal effects between nephrite-impregnated contact lenses (CLs) and conventional and cosmetic CLs. METHODS After inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa), we counted the number of bacteria on the CL surface and observed each surface using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To estimate potential harm of nephrite-impregnated CLs, we conducted a safety test using a rabbit model, treated with all CL types. RESULTS Both conventional and cosmetic CLs (n = 258 ± 2.9 × 104, 368 ± 2.2 × 104) showed significantly decreased number of attached bacteria when compared with those without nephrite impregnation (n = 134 ± 0.8 × 104, 238 ± 2.5 × 104, p < 0.0001, respectively). AFM and SEM revealed that P. aeruginosa was less attached to the nephrite-impregnated CLs than to the conventional and cosmetic CLs, although those with nephrite impregnation had rougher surface. In the safety test, there were no significant differences in the findings between four groups, and the clarity and stability of all corneas were preserved. CONCLUSIONS Nephrite may be used as a next-generation substance to reduce infectious keratitis caused by P. aeruginosa when added to CLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyoon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kim
- Research Center for Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Choi
- Research Center for Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Oh
- Research Center for Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Kang
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Mi Jin Jeong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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Kim M, Paik JS, Kim D, Hwang HS, Han K, Na KS. Current status of contact lenses usage in Korea: A population-based cohort study 2021. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296279. [PMID: 38507419 PMCID: PMC10954094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate trends in contact lens usage in a nationally representative sample of the Korean population in 2021. METHODS For this retrospective study, we analyzed data of 3,601 Korean participants aged 10-59 years, from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2021 version), who underwent eye examination, of whom 1,136 individuals (274 men and 862 women) were contact lens users. The demographic trend among Korean contact lens wearers was examined using statistical analyses to investigate the changes in their contact lens-wearing experience, duration of lens use, type of lens used, location of purchase, presence of an Eye Care Practitioner(ECP)'s prescription, lens-related ophthalmic complications, and type of lenses worn at the time of complications, according to sex. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of each variable with the rate of complications and use of soft lenses. RESULTS The average age of the contact lens users was 33.42±0.33 years, with 70.36% (weighted percentage) of users being women who used contact lenses for significantly longer periods than men (p<0.001). Additionally, only wearing of cosmetic lenses was significantly correlated with the occurrence of complications (p = 0.006), and 6.76% of users purchased lenses without a prescription. Multivariate analysis among the contact lens users revealed a significant relationship between the complication rate and female sex (p = 0.002), pre-existing eye disease diagnosed by ECPs (p = 0.0288), and duration of contact lens use (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION We identified sex differences in contact lens usage trends in Korea. The main changes observed were an increase in middle-aged lens users and a decrease in female users compared to that in the early 2000s. In addition, contact lens complications were significantly associated with sex and pre-existing eye disease. Therefore, those wearing contact lenses for extended periods should exercise caution and consult eye care specialists in the presence of any symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Paik
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daran Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sik Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Na
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee YF, Yong DWW, Manotosh R. A Review of Contact Lens-Induced Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1490. [PMID: 38132316 PMCID: PMC10740976 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is a pathologic condition caused by the dysfunction and destruction of stem cells, stem cell precursors and limbal cell niche in the corneal epithelium, leading to severe conjunctivalization of the cornea. Etiologies for LSCD span from congenital (aniridia), traumatic (chemical or thermal injuries), autoimmune (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) and iatrogenic disease to contact lens (CL) wear. Of these, CL wear is the least understood and is often a subclinical cause of LSCD. Even with recent advances in LSCD research, limitations persist in establishing the pathogenesis and treatment guidelines for CL-induced LSCD. A literature search was conducted to include original articles containing patients with CL-induced LSCD. This review will critically discuss the complex pathophysiology behind CL-induced LSCD, the underlying risk factors and epidemiology of the disease as well as methods to obtain a diagnosis. Various treatment options will be reviewed based on proposed treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yhu Fhei Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Dayna Wei Wei Yong
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Ray Manotosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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AlSarhan RS, Abuageelah BM, Alahmadi AA, Alfaifi MH, Alghamdi KM, Alamri A. Use, Misuse, and Complications of Contact Lens Among the General Population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e51368. [PMID: 38292944 PMCID: PMC10825379 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to assess contact lens usage patterns, complications, knowledge levels, and the impact of psychological factors on misuse among the Saudi population. METHODS In this study, we distributed our questionnaire through multiple social media platforms among patients who are using cosmetic or medical contact lenses regardless of the purpose of wearing them. A total of 1,708 contact lens users participated. RESULTS Most participants were female (86.4%) and aged 21-40 years (65.7%). The purpose for usage was cosmetic (36.1%) or medical (28.7%), with some using them for both purposes (35.1%). Complications have been faced, with 26.3% experiencing issues due to lens usage, 56.8% facing visual problems, and 45.8% sometimes feeling discomfort with contact lens usage. Allergic reactions were reported by 35.2%. Higher knowledge levels were associated with participants aged 21-40 years (p = 0.009), irregular ophthalmologist visits (p = 0.032), and cosmetic use (p = 0.027). Better practice patterns were observed among urban residents (p = 0.049), higher-income earners (p = 0.002), cosmetic users (p < 0.001), and those with fewer complications (p < 0.001). Psychological factors significantly influenced misuse, with 15.4% of participants indicating its impact. Notably, a subset of these participants (16.2%) perceived prolonged wear of contact lenses as a manifestation of personal insecurity. CONCLUSIONS Several sociodemographic factors, including place of residence, income, and difficulty, influence the use of contact lenses. It is also necessary to consider psychological issues such as low self-esteem and social acceptance while encouraging the safe use of contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S AlSarhan
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Ahmed A Alahmadi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, SAU
| | - Mona H Alfaifi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Abdulrahman Alamri
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
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Jones L, Efron N, Bandamwar K, Barnett M, Jacobs DS, Jalbert I, Pult H, Rhee MK, Sheardown H, Shovlin JP, Stahl U, Stanila A, Tan J, Tavazzi S, Ucakhan OO, Willcox MDP, Downie LE. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of contact lenses on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:175-219. [PMID: 37149139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Several lifestyle choices made by contact lens wearers can have adverse consequences on ocular health. These include being non-adherent to contact lens care, sleeping in lenses, ill-advised purchasing options, not seeing an eyecare professional for regular aftercare visits, wearing lenses when feeling unwell, wearing lenses too soon after various forms of ophthalmic surgery, and wearing lenses when engaged in risky behaviors (e.g., when using tobacco, alcohol or recreational drugs). Those with a pre-existing compromised ocular surface may find that contact lens wear exacerbates ocular disease morbidity. Conversely, contact lenses may have various therapeutic benefits. The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impinged upon the lifestyle of contact lens wearers, introducing challenges such as mask-associated dry eye, contact lens discomfort with increased use of digital devices, inadvertent exposure to hand sanitizers, and reduced use of lenses. Wearing contact lenses in challenging environments, such as in the presence of dust and noxious chemicals, or where there is the possibility of ocular trauma (e.g., sport or working with tools) can be problematic, although in some instances lenses can be protective. Contact lenses can be worn for sport, theatre, at high altitude, driving at night, in the military and in space, and special considerations are required when prescribing in such situations to ensure successful outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis, incorporated within the review, identified that the influence of lifestyle factors on soft contact lens dropout remains poorly understood, and is an area in need of further research. Overall, this report investigated lifestyle-related choices made by clinicians and contact lens wearers and discovered that when appropriate lifestyle choices are made, contact lens wear can enhance the quality of life of wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Nathan Efron
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kalika Bandamwar
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Melissa Barnett
- University of California, Davis Eye Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Deborah S Jacobs
- Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabelle Jalbert
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Heiko Pult
- Dr Heiko Pult Optometry & Vision Research, Weinheim, Germany
| | | | - Heather Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ulli Stahl
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jacqueline Tan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Silvia Tavazzi
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Lee MJ, Park SY, Sung AY. Ophthalmic Hydrogel Contact Lens Material Containing Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles and 3-(Trifluoromethyl)styrene for Biomedical Application. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1897. [PMID: 36363917 PMCID: PMC9694811 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This research was conducted for the synthesis and application of ophthalmic lens materials with improved oxygen permeability and durability. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), 3-(trifluoromethyl)styrene (3-TFMSt), and magnesium oxide nanoparticles were used as additives for the basic combination of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Additionally, the materials were copolymerized with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linking agent and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator. The addition of magnesium oxide nanoparticles was found to increase the tensile strength from 0.0631 to 0.0842 kgf/mm2. Copolymerization with a small amount of 3-TFMSt of about 1% increased the tensile strength to 0.1506 kgf/mm2 and the oxygen permeability from 6.00 to 9.64 (cm2/s)∙(mLO2/mL·mmHg)∙10-11. The contact lens material produced using N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and magnesium oxide nanoparticles as additives satisfied the basic physical properties required for hydrogel contact lenses and is expected to be used usefully as a material for fabricating high-performance hydrogel lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jae Lee
- Department of Optometry, Jeju Tourism University, Jeju 63063, Korea
| | - Seon-Young Park
- Department of Optometry & Vision Science, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - A-Young Sung
- Department of Optometry & Vision Science, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
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Stapleton F, Lim CHL, Kweon S, Tan D, Mehta JS. Cosmetic Contact Lens-Related Corneal Infections in Asia. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 229:176-183. [PMID: 33727002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore demographics, disease characteristics, and wear habits in cosmetic contact lens (CL)-related corneal infections in Asia. DESIGN Prospective multicenter cross-sectional study. METHODS Cases of CL-related corneal infection presenting over a 12-month period were prospectively identified from 11 centers in 8 countries in Asia. Case demographics, clinical features, microbiology, and compliance characteristics were compared between wearers using CLs for cosmetic purposes and those using CLs for the correction of refractive errors. RESULTS Six hundred and ninety-four CL wearers with corneal infection presented: 204 cosmetic CL (29.4%) and 490 (70.6%) refractive CL wearers. Cosmetic CL infections comprised 7%-54% of cases across the region. Compared with noncosmetic CL wearers, cosmetic CLs wearers were significantly more likely to be female (90% vs 59%), young (aged <25, 68% vs 44%), and to have a shorter period of wear experience. Lenses worn by cosmetic CL wearers were more likely to be hydrogel materials and manufactured with the pigment located on the back surface of the CL. Presenting disease characteristics and visual outcomes were similar in both groups. Causative organisms were similar between the 2 groups; however, there was a higher rate of Acanthamoeba disease (9%) in cosmetic wearers, compared with refractive wearers (1%; P < .005). CONCLUSIONS Cosmetic CL infections represent a significant proportion of CL-related infections in Asia. Cosmetic CL users with corneal infections are generally young, female, and wearing hydrogel CLs. Internet supply, quality control, and regulation of the sale of these products provide significant challenges in managing this population of vulnerable wearers.
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Oh JS, Cho YK. Dendritic Keratitis Associated with Contact Lens Wear: a Case Series and Literature Review. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2021.62.4.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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CLEAR - Contact lens complications. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:330-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Szczotka-Flynn LB, Shovlin JP, Schnider CM, Caffery BE, Alfonso EC, Carnt NA, Chalmers RL, Collier S, Jacobs DS, Joslin CE, Kroken AR, Lakkis C, Pearlman E, Schein OD, Stapleton F, Tu E, Willcox MDP. American Academy of Optometry Microbial Keratitis Think Tank. Optom Vis Sci 2021; 98:182-198. [PMID: 33771951 PMCID: PMC8075116 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Think Tank 2019 affirmed that the rate of infection associated with contact lenses has not changed in several decades. Also, there is a trend toward more serious infections associated with Acanthamoeba and fungi. The growing use of contact lenses in children demands our attention with surveillance and case-control studies. PURPOSE The American Academy of Optometry (AAO) gathered researchers and key opinion leaders from around the world to discuss contact lens-associated microbial keratitis at the 2019 AAO Annual Meeting. METHODS Experts presented within four sessions. Session 1 covered the epidemiology of microbial keratitis, pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the role of lens care systems and storage cases in corneal disease. Session 2 covered nonbacterial forms of keratitis in contact lens wearers. Session 3 covered future needs, challenges, and research questions in relation to microbial keratitis in youth and myopia control, microbiome, antimicrobial surfaces, and genetic susceptibility. Session 4 covered compliance and communication imperatives. RESULTS The absolute rate of microbial keratitis has remained very consistent for three decades despite new technologies, and extended wear significantly increases the risk. Improved oxygen delivery afforded by silicone hydrogel lenses has not impacted the rates, and although the introduction of daily disposable lenses has minimized the risk of severe disease, there is no consistent evidence that they have altered the overall rate of microbial keratitis. Overnight orthokeratology lenses may increase the risk of microbial keratitis, especially secondary to Acanthamoeba, in children. Compliance remains a concern and a significant risk factor for disease. New insights into host microbiome and genetic susceptibility may uncover new theories. More studies such as case-control designs suited for rare diseases and registries are needed. CONCLUSIONS The first annual AAO Think Tank acknowledged that the risk of microbial keratitis has not decreased over decades, despite innovation. Important questions and research directions remain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo C Alfonso
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nicole A Carnt
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sarah Collier
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Deborah S Jacobs
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Cornea Service, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charlotte E Joslin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Abby R Kroken
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | | | - Eric Pearlman
- Departments of Ophthalmology, and Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Oliver D Schein
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elmer Tu
- University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Lee SC, Hyon JY, Jeon HS. Contact Lens Induced Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: Clinical Features in Korean Patients. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2020; 33:500-505. [PMID: 31833246 PMCID: PMC6911783 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2019.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the clinical features of Korean patients with contact lens-induced limbal stem cell deficiency (CL-LSCD). Methods Medical records of 22 patients who were diagnosed with CL-LSCD between 2014 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Outcome measures included demographics, clinical presentation, treatment, clinical course, and pattern of contact lens (CL) wear. Results Forty-two eyes of 22 patients were found to have typical changes associated with CL-LSCD. Twenty (91%) patients were women and mean age was 36 ± 12 years. All patients had myopia with mean spherical equivalent of −7.52 ± 3.2 diopter. Twenty (91%) patients had bilateral disease and the location of limbal involvement was diffuse in 20 eyes (47.6%) and partial in 22 eyes (52.4%, superior in 20 eyes and inferior in 2 eyes). Fourteen (63.6%) patients complained of decreased visual acuity. Average period of CL wear was 14 ± 9 years. Four patients used cosmetic colored CLs and four patients had a history of overnight CL wear. All 12 patients who completed follow-up (28 ± 42 weeks) showed improvement in visual acuity and ocular surface condition after cessation of CL wear and medical treatment. Of them, five (42%) patients showed full recovery while seven (58%) showed partial recovery. Conclusions If a patient with a history of CL wear for an extended period of time presents with decreased visual acuity, practitioners should perform detailed examinations with suspicion of CL-LSCD, including fluorescein staining. CL-LSCD is usually reversible and close follow-up with conservative treatment is recommended as the initial treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Chan Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Young Hyon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyun Sun Jeon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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13
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A review of cosmetic contact lens infections. Eye (Lond) 2018; 33:78-86. [PMID: 30385879 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature surrounding cosmetic contact lens infections. In this paper, lens-related, dispensing-related and patient-related factors are examined in detail.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the adhesion of Acanthamoeba trophozoites on cosmetic contact lenses (CLs) with and without CL care multipurpose solution (MPS) treatment. METHODS Acanthamoeba lugdunensis L3a trophozoites were inoculated onto disks trimmed from CLs: 1-day Acuvue moist, 1-day Acuvue define, Acuvue 2, and Acuvue 2 define. After 18-hour inoculation, the number of adherent trophozoites was counted under phase contrast microscopy. The effects of MPS, Opti-Free Express, soaking CLs for 6 hours, on Acanthamoeba adhesion were analyzed. Scanning electron microscopic examination was performed for assessment of Acanthamoeba attached on the lens surface. RESULTS Acanthamoeba trophozoites showed greater adhesion to cosmetic CL (P = 0.017 for 1-day CL and P = 0.009 for 2-week CL) although there was no significant difference between the types of cosmetic CL. On all lenses, the number of adherent Acanthamoeba was significantly reduced after treatment with MPS (P < 0.001 for 1-day Acuvue moist, P = 0.046 for 1-day Acuvue define, P < 0.001 for Acuvue 2, and P = 0.015 for Acuvue 2 define), but there was still significant difference between conventional and cosmetic CLs (P = 0.003 for 1-day CL and P < 0.001 for 2-week CL, respectively). More attachment of Acanthamoeba was observed on colored area and the acanthopodia of Acanthamoeba was placed on the rough surface of colored area. CONCLUSION Acanthamoeba showed a greater affinity for cosmetic CL and mostly attached on colored area. Although MPS that contained myristamidopropyl dimethylamine reduced the adhesion rate, there was a significant difference between conventional and cosmetic CLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Mok Lee
- Department of Geological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Da In Lee
- Department of Parasitology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.
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15
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Lee JJ, Sung JY, Lee SB. Prevalence of Dry Eye Syndrome and Association with Life Behaviors in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2017.58.4.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Joo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Yun Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung Bok Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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16
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Lee KW, Jung JW. Comparison of Changes in Ocular Surface Status after Wearing Orthokeratologic and Rigid Gas Permeable Lens. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2016.57.4.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Won Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Won Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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17
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Comparison of surface roughness and bacterial adhesion between cosmetic contact lenses and conventional contact lenses. Eye Contact Lens 2015; 41:25-33. [PMID: 25536530 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare physical characteristics of cosmetic contact lenses (Cos-CLs) and conventional contact lenses (Con-CLs) that might affect susceptibility to bacterial adhesion on the contact lens (CL) surface. METHODS Surface characteristics of Cos-CLs and Con-CLs made from the same material by the same manufacturer were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy. To determine the extent and rate of bacterial adhesion, Cos-CL and Con-CL were immersed in serum-free Roswell Park Memorial Institute media containing Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, the rate of removal of adherent bacteria was evaluated using hand rubbing or immersion in multipurpose disinfecting solutions (MPDS). RESULTS The mean surface roughness (root mean square and peak-to-valley value) measured by AFM was significantly higher for Cos-CL than for Con-CL. At each time point, significantly more S. aureus and P. aeruginosa adhered to Cos-CL than to Con-CL, which correlated with the surface roughness of CL. In Cos-CL, bacteria were mainly found on the tinted surface rather than on the noncolored or convex areas. Pseudomonas aeruginosa attached earlier than S. aureus to all types of CL. However, P. aeruginosa was more easily removed from the surface of CL than S. aureus by hand rubbing or MPDS soaking. CONCLUSIONS Increased surface roughness is an important physical factor for bacterial adhesion in Cos-CL, which may explain why rates of bacterial keratitis rates are higher in Cos-CL users in CL physical characteristics.
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18
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Kim HW, Lee SY, Lee SM. The Impact of Written Information on the Compliance with Contact Lens Care. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2015.56.12.1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Weon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Mok Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
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19
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Choi HJ, Yum JH, Lee JH, Lee DH, Kim JH. Clinical Features and Compliance in Patients with Cosmetic Contact Lens-Related Complications. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2014.55.10.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hun Jin Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Yum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Do Hyung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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