1
|
Hadipour Jahromy M, Qomi M, Fazelipour S, Sami N, Faali F, Karimi M, Adhami Moghadam F. Evaluation of curcumin-based ophthalmic nano-emulsion on atropine-induced dry eye in mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29009. [PMID: 38601632 PMCID: PMC11004198 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most efficient treatments for dry eye syndrome (DES) is to use nanocarriers as a potential delivery system. We aim to evaluate curcumin in a nano emulsion formulation. Methods A new formulation containing 5.5% curcuminoid was used. DLS, Zeta potential, TEM, and HPLC tests were performed to determine the size and morphology. First, 30 mice were selected as atropine-induced dry eye models. Next, 25 mice in 5 groups were treated with the nano emulsion at different doses, and corneal tissues were separated for evaluation. Results The DLS test results were indicative of the particles' stability. Nano curcumin appeared to be thoroughly effective in all groups, with the highest dose showing the most similarity to the healthy control group. Conclusions Curcumin-based nano emulsion eye drop is a promising candidate for DES management. However, further investigation is required to evaluate the possible risks in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Hadipour Jahromy
- Herbal Pharmacology Research Center, School of Medicine, Dept of Pharmacology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Qomi
- Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Research Center (APIRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Fazelipour
- School of Medicine, Dept of Histology & Anatomy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Sami
- School of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Faali
- School of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Karimi
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Adhami Moghadam
- School of Medicine, Dept of Ophthalmology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ucakhan OO, Celik-Buyuktepe T, Yang L, Wogu B, Asbell PA. Update on Dry Eye Disease Treatment: Evidence From Randomized Controlled Trials. Eye Contact Lens 2023; 49:542-568. [PMID: 37728883 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although the ultimate goal of dry eye disease (DED) management is to restore the ocular surface and tear film homeostasis and address any accompanying symptoms, addressing this is not an easy task. Despite the wide range of current treatment modalities targeting multiple aspects of DED, the available DED management literature is quite heterogeneous, rendering evaluation or comparison of treatment outcomes hard or almost impossible. There is still a shortage of well-designed, large-scale, nonsponsored, randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating long-term safety and efficacy of many targeted therapies individually or used in combination, in the treatment of identified subgroups of patients with DED. This review focuses on the treatment modalities in DED management and aims to reveal the current evidence available as deduced from the outcomes of RCTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omur O Ucakhan
- Department of Ophthalmology (O.O.U.), Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Ophthalmology (T.C.-B.), Unye State Hospital, Ordu, Turkey; Department of Ophthalmology (L.Y.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN;Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University (B.W.), Philadelphia, PA; and Department of Ophthalmology (P.A.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Messmer EM, Ahmad S, Benitez del Castillo JM, Mrukwa-Kominek E, Rolando M, Vitovska O, Baudouin C. Management of inflammation in dry eye disease: Recommendations from a European panel of experts. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 33:1294-1307. [PMID: 36471573 PMCID: PMC10152565 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221141481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Early initiation of anti-inflammatory therapies is recommended for dry eye disease (DED) to break the vicious cycle of pathophysiology. However, there is limited guidance on how to implement topical ciclosporin (CsA) and corticosteroid treatment into clinical practice. This expert-led consensus provides practical guidance on the management of DED, including when and how to use topical CsA. Methods A steering committee (SC) of seven European DED experts developed a questionnaire to gain information on the unmet needs and management of DED in clinical practice. Consensus statements on four key areas (disease severity and progression; patient management; efficacy, safety and tolerability of CsA; and patient education) were generated based on the responses. The SC and an expanded expert panel of 22 members used a nine-point scale (1 = strongly disagree; 9 = strongly agree) to rate statements; a consensus was reached if ≥75% of experts scored a statement ≥7. Results A stepwise approach to DED management is required in patients presenting with moderate corneal staining. Early topical CsA initiation, alone or with corticosteroids, should be considered in patients with clinical risk factors for severe DED. Patient education is required before and during treatment to manage expectations regarding efficacy and tolerability in order to optimise adherence. Follow-up visits are required, ideally at Month 1 and every 3 months thereafter. Topical CsA may be continued indefinitely, especially when surgery is required. Conclusion This consensus fills some of the knowledge gaps in previous recommendations regarding the use of topical corticosteroids and CsA in patients with DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | | | - Christophe Baudouin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital and Vision Institute, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eom Y, Song JS, Kim HM. Effectiveness of Topical Cyclosporin A 0.1%, Diquafosol Tetrasodium 3%, and Their Combination, in Dry Eye Disease. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2022; 38:682-694. [PMID: 36473191 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of the topical use of cyclosporin A (CsA) 0.1%, diquafosol (DQS) tetrasodium 3% ophthalmic solution, and their combination in treating dry eye disease in a general health care setting. Methods: This prospective, nonrandomized, observational study analyzed 279 patients. Patients instilled topical CsA 0.1% (Ikervis®; Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan) once daily and/or DQS tetrasodium 3% (Diquas-S®; Santen) six times a day for 12 weeks. Objective signs [tear break-up time (TBUT), National Eye Institute (NEI) corneal and conjunctival staining scores] and symptoms [Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye (SANDE) and Dry Eye-related Quality-of-Life Score (DEQS) questionnaires] were evaluated at baseline, week 4, and week 12. Results: Patients (n = 279) were mainly female (85.0%) with a mean (SD) age of 50.1 (14.8) years, and received CsA (n = 93), DQS (n = 99), or CsA/DQS (n = 87). Both monotherapies and CsA/DQS combination therapy significantly improved TBUT, NEI corneal and conjunctival staining scores, and SANDE and DEQS scores from baseline to week 12 (all P < 0.0001). The mean change in TBUT between baseline and week 12 was significantly higher in CsA/DQS combination therapy (2.13 ± 2.41 s) than in CsA monotherapy (1.07 ± 1.71 s; P = 0.0011). Conclusions: Monotherapy with CsA or DQS and CsA/DQS combination therapy all significantly improved the objective signs and symptoms of dry eyes during 12 weeks of treatment. CsA/DQS combination therapy provides an additional benefit in terms of TBUT compared with CsA alone; however, a randomized controlled trial still needs to be performed to confirm this result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngsub Eom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jong Suk Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Myung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gao D, Da Z, Yang K, Shi Y. Comparison of seven cyclosporine A formulations for dry eye disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:882803. [PMID: 36419623 PMCID: PMC9676501 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.882803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dry eye disease is a common ocular surface disease affecting tens of millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by an unstable tear film and increasing prevalence. Different commercial formulations of cyclosporine A for dry eye have been approved, however, it is still unclear whether the differences in formulations of these products will make a difference in clinical efficacy and safety. Methods: Randomized controlled trials of commercial cyclosporine A formulation for dry eye disease were searched in Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane controlled trials registries and Web of Science from inception till 1 December 2021. Independent literature screening, data extraction, quality evaluation, and the study in line with quality standards were analyzed by using Stata16.0 software. The study is registered with PROSPERO under the number CRD42022301423. Code and data for this study is publicly available (https://github.com/DongYangGao/Dongyang.github.io.git). Results: 21 randomized clinical trials with a total of 4,107 participants were included in this study. Restasis® (OR-4.82, 95% CI-6.18 to 3.45, SUCRA 77.2%) was the most effective commercial formulation for reducing OSDI, Zirun® (SUCRA 73.9%) performed better in improving Schirmer's test. TJ Cyporin® (SUCRA 65.3%) ranked first in terms of improving tear film break-up time. For treatment-emergent adverse events incidence, Clacier® was close to placebo. The risk of reporting bias is considered low. Conclusion: In the comparison of outcomes included in this study, the optimal order of various commercial cyclosporine A formulations is different, so it is difficult to select the optimal formula. Appropriate commercial formulations should be selected according to patients' conditions in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoli Da
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People’s Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People’s Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Afarid M, Mahmoodi S, Baghban R. Recent achievements in nano-based technologies for ocular disease diagnosis and treatment, review and update. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:361. [PMID: 35918688 PMCID: PMC9344723 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery is one of the most challenging endeavors among the various available drug delivery systems. Despite having suitable drugs for the treatment of ophthalmic disease, we have not yet succeeded in achieving a proper drug delivery approach with the least adverse effects. Nanotechnology offers great opportunities to overwhelm the restrictions of common ocular delivery systems, including low therapeutic effects and adverse effects because of invasive surgery or systemic exposure. The present review is dedicated to highlighting and updating the recent achievements of nano-based technologies for ocular disease diagnosis and treatment. While further effort remains, the progress illustrated here might pave the way to new and very useful ocular nanomedicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Afarid
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shirin Mahmoodi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Roghayyeh Baghban
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A phase II randomized trial to evaluate the long-term (12-week) efficacy and safety of OC-01 (varenicline solution) nasal spray for dry eye disease: The MYSTIC study. Ocul Surf 2021; 24:15-21. [PMID: 34920097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dry eye disease is characterized by loss of tear film stability. OC-01 (varenicline solution) is a small-molecule nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist administered as a nasal spray that stimulates tear production. METHODS In MYSTIC (NCT03873246) patients aged ≥22 years with dry eye disease were randomized 1:1:1 to OC-01 0.03 mg, OC-01 0.06 mg, or vehicle (n = 41 per group), administered twice daily via intranasal spray, for 12 weeks (84 days). Primary efficacy endpoint was mean change from baseline in anesthetized Schirmer's test score (STS) in study eye at day (D) 84. RESULTS Patients receiving OC-01 0.03 and 0.06 mg had statistically significantly increased tear production at D84 versus vehicle; least squares mean changes from baseline in STS were 10.8 mm and 11.0 mm for OC-01 0.03 and 0.06 mg, respectively. A trend toward a higher proportion of patients experiencing ≥10-mm improvement in STS from baseline was observed with OC-01 0.03 mg (36.6%; p > 0.05), and was significant for OC-01 0.06 mg (48.8%; p = 0.024), versus vehicle (24.4%). Non-ocular treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported by 21 patients; the most common was sneezing (OC-01 0.03 mg, 2 [4.9%]; OC-01 0.06 mg, 3 [7.3%]), with similar frequencies between treatment groups. No severe or serious TEAEs were reported. CONCLUSIONS OC-01 (varenicline solution) nasal spray improved tear production in patients with dry eye disease over a long-term (12-week) period, and represents a receptor neuro-activator with a nasal route of administration that spares the ocular surface to stimulate tear production.
Collapse
|
8
|
Noh SR, Chung JL, Lee JM, Seo KY, Koh K. Meibomian gland atrophy with duration of Sjogren's syndrome in adult females. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 42:191-200. [PMID: 34409540 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-02013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the correlation between the duration of Sjögren syndrome (SS) and ocular surface parameters in patients with SS-related dry eye. METHODS We analyzed 108 eyes of 108 female patients with primary SS-related dry eye. All patients underwent rheumatoid serologic tests and ocular surface assessments. The ocular surface assessment included the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) score, meibomian gland (MG) atrophy, lipid layer thickness (LLT), partial and total blinking, partial blinking rate, Schirmer's I test, non-invasive tear break-up time, and ocular surface staining score. Correlations between the duration of SS and ocular surface assessments were calculated. RESULTS The average age and SS duration of the participants were 56.7 ± 10.2 (range 21-78) years and 54.15 ± 41.10 (range 1-134) months, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between SS duration and MG atrophy (r = 0.766, p < 0.001). The correlation between SS duration and MG atrophy rate remained significant after controlling for age (r = 0.559, p < 0.001). Average, maximum, and minimum LLTs showed weak negative correlations with SS duration (r = - 0.310, - 0.211, and-0.304, respectively, p = 0.014, 0.028, and 0.022, respectively) and MG atrophy (r = - 0.191, - 0.326, and - 0.299, respectively, p = 0.049, 0.002, and 0.009, respectively). SPEED score showed a weak positive correlation to SS duration (r = 0.303, p = 0.042) and a moderate positive correlation to MG atrophy (r = 0.450, p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Longer duration of primary SS was related to more severe MG atrophy. Therefore, it is necessary to perform meibography in SS patients to verify MG atrophy status. A comparative study with non-SS dry eye patients is required to validate this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Rae Noh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 136 Youngshinro, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07301, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 136 Youngshinro, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07301, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Koh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 136 Youngshinro, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07301, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Topical cyclosporine a (0.05%) treatment in dry eye patients: a comparison study of Sjogren's syndrome versus non-Sjogren's syndrome. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:1479-1485. [PMID: 33484384 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical effect of topical cyclosporine A (CsA) (0.05%) on dry eye patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and non-Sjogren's syndrome (NSS). METHOD This retrospective comparative study includes the dry eye (DE) patients who were treated with topical CsA. DE patients were divided into two groups as follows: DE with Sjogren's syndrome (DE-SS) and DE with Non-Sjogren's syndrome (DE-NSS). Dry eye parameters were recorded at baseline and each visit. RESULTS Schirmer's test 1 scores were 2.7 ± 0.5 mm at baseline and 3.5 ± 0.7 mm at 12th month in DE-SS, 2.9 ± 0.7 mm at baseline and 9.5 ± 0.7 mm in DE-NSS groups at 12th month. Mean ST score was higher in DE-NSS group than DE-SS group at sixth and 12th months of the treatment (both p = 0.001). Tear break-up time score showed a significant improvement in DE-NSS group, and it was lower in DE-NSS group than DE-SS group group at sixth and 12th months of the treatment (p = 0.044 and 0.027, respectively). Mean OSDI score was lower in DE-NSS group than DE-SS group at sixth and 12th months of the treatment (p = 0.030 and 0.032, respectively). CONCLUSION Topical CsA seems to be more effective in the treatment of the DE-NSS.
Collapse
|
10
|
Park CH, Lee HK, Kim MK, Kim EC, Kim JY, Kim TI, Kim HK, Song JS, Yoon KC, Lee DH, Chung TY, Choi CY, Kim HS. Retraction Note: Comparison of 0.05% cyclosporine and 3% diquafosol solution for dry eye patients: a randomized, blinded, multicenter clinical trial. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:251. [PMID: 32576162 PMCID: PMC7310420 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10, 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07345, South Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Lee
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Chul Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Im Kim
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Kyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong Suk Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Do Hyung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Tae-Young Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Young Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10, 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07345, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Protective Effect of an Eye Wash Solution on the Ocular Surface Damage Induced by Airborne Carbon Black Exposure. Cornea 2020; 39:1040-1047. [PMID: 32141942 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of an eye wash solution on the ocular surface damage induced by airborne carbon black (CB) exposure. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to ambient CB for 5 days. During the 5 days, a commercial eye wash solution (Eyebon-W) was used for irrigation twice daily on CB-exposed rat eyes; normal saline was used as the vehicle control. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9, histamine, and lactoferrin levels were measured in tears. The expression of inflammatory cytokines in the anterior segment of the eyeball was measured by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The ocular surface staining scores, tear LDH activity, tear MMP-9, histamine, and lactoferrin concentrations, and the expression of interleukin-4 and interferon-γ in the eye were significantly increased in the CB group versus the normal control group. When compared with CB group, the Eyebon-W eye wash treatment significantly reversed these elevations induced by CB, including ocular staining scores, tear LDH activity, histamine and MMP-9 concentrations in the tear fluid, and the expression of interleukin-4 in the eye. On the other hand, saline irrigation only reduced the concentrations of histamine and MMP-9 in tear fluid and the expression of interferon-γ in the eye. CONCLUSIONS Both Eyebon-W eye wash treatment and saline irrigation reversed CB-induced ocular surface injury, but the efficacy of Eyebon-W was more significant than that of the saline solution when compared with CB group. The use of an eye wash solution seems to play a protective role for the ocular surface when exposed to airborne particulate matter.
Collapse
|