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Kantor NB, Tovar A, Wang T, Galor A. How does ocular graft-versus-host disease fit under the dry eye umbrella? A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 52:167-185. [PMID: 38204146 PMCID: PMC10939887 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a systemic disease that can affect multiple organs as a consequence of an allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant. One organ system that is often affected in GVHD is the eyes. Ocular GVHD (oGVHD) may involve various structures within the eye including the lacrimal glands, eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, and nasolacrimal ducts, and is a source of morbidity in patients with GVHD. Common presenting features of GVHD overlap with dry eye disease (DED), including decreased tear production, epithelial disruption, and Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). In this review, we aim to compare oGVHD and DED to better understand the similarities and differences between the conditions, with a focus on pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical features, and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B. Kantor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Trent Wang
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Adult Stem Cell Transplant Program, University of Miami Hospital and Clinics, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
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Wu KY, Serhan O, Faucher A, Tran SD. Advances in Sjögren's Syndrome Dry Eye Diagnostics: Biomarkers and Biomolecules beyond Clinical Symptoms. Biomolecules 2024; 14:80. [PMID: 38254680 PMCID: PMC10812982 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (SSDE) is a subset of Sjögren's syndrome marked by dry eye symptoms that is distinct from non-Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (NSSDE). As SSDE can lead to severe complications, its early detection is imperative. However, the differentiation between SSDE and NSSDE remains challenging due to overlapping clinical manifestations. This review endeavors to give a concise overview of the classification, pathophysiology, clinical features and presentation, ocular and systemic complications, clinical diagnosis, and management of SSDE. Despite advancements, limitations in current diagnostic methods underscore the need for novel diagnostic modalities. Thus, the current review examines various diagnostic biomarkers utilized for SSDE identification, encompassing serum, salivary, and tear analyses. Recent advancements in proteomic research and exosomal biomarkers offer promising diagnostic potential. Through a comprehensive literature review spanning from 2016 to 2023, we highlight molecular insights and advanced diagnostic modalities that have the potential to enhance our understanding and diagnosis of SSDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y. Wu
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.); (A.F.)
| | - Olivia Serhan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Anne Faucher
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.); (A.F.)
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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Choi M, Park YM, Ko BY. Comparative Evaluation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Immunoassay and Tear Osmolarity Measurement for Diagnosing Severity of Dry Eye Disease. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 37:409-416. [PMID: 37621090 PMCID: PMC10587457 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2023.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) immunoassay and tear osmolarity measurement in diagnosing dry eye severity. METHODS Dry eye disease (DED) patients underwent diagnostic tests including MMP-9 assay, tear osmolarity measurement, fluorescein tear breakup time, ocular surface staining, anesthetized Schirmer test, Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, and slit-lamp examination. The dry eye parameters were compared according to positive MMP-9 status and increased tear osmolarity. The correlation between dry eye profiles and MMP-9 positivity and high tear osmolarity was also analyzed. RESULTS Those who tested positive in MMP-9 immunoassay had significantly higher corneal fluorescein staining score and worse DED severity than those who tested negative. The intensity of MMP-9 positivity showed positive correlation with the corneal staining score and DED severity. However, DED patients with high tear osmolarity above 308 mOsm/L did not show significantly different dry eye signs and symptoms compared to those with lower tear osmolarity values. Tear osmolarity was associated with ocular surface staining score in severe DED patients. CONCLUSIONS MMP-9 positivity was associated with ocular surface staining and worse dry eye severity. Therefore, it may be used as a useful indicator of disease severity in conjunction to other diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonjung Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang,
Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang,
Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Byung Yi Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
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Lee K, Jeong JW, Shim JJ, Hong HS, Kim JY, Lee JL. Lactobacillus fermentum HY7302 Improves Dry Eye Symptoms in a Mouse Model of Benzalkonium Chloride-Induced Eye Dysfunction and Human Conjunctiva Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10378. [PMID: 37373526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) We investigated the effects of the Lactobacillus fermentum HY7302 (HY7302) in a mouse model of benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced dry eye, and the possibility of using HY7302 as a food supplement for preventing dry eye. (2) The ocular surface of Balb/c mice was exposed to 0.2% BAC for 14 days to induce dry eye (n = 8), and the control group was treated with the same amount of saline (n = 8). HY7302 (1 × 109 CFU/kg/day, 14 days, n = 8) was orally administered daily to the mice, and omega-3 (200 mg/kg/day) was used as a positive control. To understand the mechanisms by which HY7302 inhibits BAC-induced dry eye, we performed an in vitro study using a human conjunctival cell line (clone-1-5c-4). (3) The probiotic HY7302 improved the BAC-induced decreases in the corneal fluorescein score and tear break-up time. In addition, the lactic acid bacteria increased tear production and improved the detached epithelium. Moreover, HY7302 lowered the BAC-induced increases in reactive oxygen species production in a conjunctival cell line and regulated the expression of several apoptosis-related factors, including phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT), B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2), and activated caspase 3. Also, HY7302 alleviated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-8, and also regulated the matrix metallopeptidase-9 production in the conjunctival cell line. (4) In this study, we showed that L. fermentum HY7302 helps prevent dry eye disease by regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic factors, and could be used as a new functional food composition to prevent dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kippeum Lee
- R & BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Jeong
- R & BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jung Shim
- R & BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Hong
- Kyung Hee Institute of Regenerative Medicine (KIRM), Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yun Kim
- R & BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Lyoul Lee
- R & BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
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Boto de los Bueis A, de la Fuente M, Montejano-Milner R, del Hierro Zarzuelo A, Vecino E, Acera A. A Pilot Study of a Panel of Ocular Inflammation Biomarkers in Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2881-2894. [PMID: 37185712 PMCID: PMC10136698 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular diseases have a strong impact on individuals, the effects of which extend from milder visual impairment to blindness. Due to this and to their prevalence, these conditions constitute important health, social and economic challenges. Thus, improvements in their early detection and diagnosis will help dampen the impact of these conditions, both on patients and on healthcare systems alike. In this sense, identifying tear biomarkers could establish better non-invasive approaches to diagnose these diseases and to monitor responses to therapy. With this in mind, we developed a solid phase capture assay, based on antibody microarrays, to quantify S100A6, MMP-9 and CST4 in human tear samples, and we used these arrays to study tear samples from healthy controls and patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome, at times concomitant with rheumatoid arthritis. Our results point out that the detection of S100A6 in tear samples seems to be positively correlated to rheumatoid arthritis, consistent with the systemic nature of this autoinflammatory pathology. Thus, we provide evidence that antibody microarrays may potentially help diagnose certain pathologies, possibly paving the way for significant improvements in the future care of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel de la Fuente
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group (GOBE), Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Rafael Montejano-Milner
- Ophthalmology Service, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Elena Vecino
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group (GOBE), Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Arantxa Acera
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group (GOBE), Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48001 Bilbao, Spain
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Sekhon AS, He B, Iovieno A, Yeung SN. Pathophysiology of Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss in Dry Eye Disease and Other Inflammatory Ocular Disorders. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:21-31. [PMID: 34678119 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1980808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dry eye disease (DED) and other inflammatory ocular disorders have been reported to be associated with decreased corneal endothelial cell density (CECD), however the mechanism of underlying endothelial cell loss remains unknown. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search of English-written publications on dry eye disease, corneal endothelial cell loss, Sjögren's syndrome, and Graft Vs Host Disease (GVHD), to review the effects of DED and other inflammatory ocular surface conditions on CECD. RESULTS A total of 78 studies were included in our study. Loss of corneal neurotrophic support, cytotoxic stress, and a heightened immune response, all of which may occur secondarily to a common causative agent such as inflammation, are major contributors to reduced CECD. CONCLUSION More studies are needed to determine how the interrelated pathways of altered corneal nerve function and upregulated expression of inflammatory activity influence corneal endothelial cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amardeep S Sekhon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bonnie He
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alfonso Iovieno
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sonia N Yeung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Recent Advances in Hydrogels for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120816. [PMID: 36547340 PMCID: PMC9778550 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is the most common clinical ocular surface disease. Given its multifactorial etiology, no consensus has been reached on the diagnosis criteria for dry eye disease. Topical drug administration remains the mainstay of treatment but is limited to the rapid clearance from the eye surface. To address these problems, hydrogel-based materials were designed to detect biomarkers or act as drug delivery systems by taking advantage of their good biocompatibility, excellent physical and mechanical properties, and long-term implant stability. Biosensors prepared using biocompatible hydrogels can be sensitive in diagnosing DED, and the designed hydrogels can also improve the drug bioavailability and retention time for more effective and long-term treatment. This review summarizes recent advances in the use of hydrogels for diagnosing and treating dry eye, aiming to provide a novel reference for the eventual clinical translation of hydrogels in the context of dry eye disease.
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Barrientos RT, Godín F, Rocha-De-Lossada C, Soifer M, Sánchez-González JM, Moreno-Toral E, González AL, Zein M, Larco P, Mercado C, Piedrahita MA. Ophthalmological Approach for the Diagnosis of Dry Eye Disease in Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111899. [PMID: 36431034 PMCID: PMC9692499 DOI: 10.3390/life12111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye has two basic subdivisions: aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE), with SS a major cause; and evaporative dry eye (EDE), due to either intrinsic or extrinsic factors. SS is a chronic inflammatory disorder defined by dysfunction of the exocrine glands leading to dry eye and dry mouth. The objective of this article was to carry out a systematic and critical review of several scientific publications on dry eye disease, with the aim of providing general recommendations to distinguish dry eye and its different variants in patients with SS, during the period 1979 to 2020, using search engines for articles indexed in Scopus, Latindex, Scielo, Clinical Trials, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane, allowing the analysis of 132 articles published in indexed journals on the subject of dry eye disease and SS, evidencing its conceptualization, prevalence, risk factors, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Godín
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research and Ocular Health Group, Unbosque, University of El Bosque, Bogota 110111, Colombia
| | - Carlos Rocha-De-Lossada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qvision, VITHAS Almería Hospital, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Universitary Hospital of Málaga, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Area, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Department of Opthalmology, Vithas Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
| | - Matias Soifer
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Eye Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - José-María Sánchez-González
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Esteban Moreno-Toral
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana-Luisa González
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Department Clínica La Luz, Lima 15046, Peru
| | - Mike Zein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Pablo Larco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Carolina Mercado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Proteases and Their Potential Role as Biomarkers and Drug Targets in Dry Eye Disease and Ocular Surface Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179795. [PMID: 36077189 PMCID: PMC9456293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder that leads to ocular discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability. DED is accompanied by an increase in tear osmolarity and ocular surface inflammation. The diagnosis and treatment of DED still present significant challenges. Therefore, novel biomarkers and treatments are of great interest. Proteases are present in different tissues on the ocular surface. In a healthy eye, proteases are highly regulated. However, dysregulation occurs in various pathologies, including DED. With this review, we provide an overview of the implications of different families of proteases in the development and severity of DED, along with studies involving protease inhibitors as potential therapeutic tools. Even though further research is needed, this review aims to give suggestions for identifying novel biomarkers and developing new protease inhibitors.
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Huang R, Su C, Fang L, Lu J, Chen J, Ding Y. Dry eye syndrome: comprehensive etiologies and recent clinical trials. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 42:3253-3272. [PMID: 35678897 PMCID: PMC9178318 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is multifactorial and likely to be a cause of concern more so than ever given the rapid pace of modernization, which is directly associated with many of the extrinsic causative factors. Additionally, recent studies have also postulated novel etiologies that may provide the basis for alternative treatment methods clinically. Such insights are especially important given that current approaches to tackle DES remains suboptimal. This review will primarily cover a comprehensive list of causes that lead to DES, summarize all the upcoming and ongoing clinical trials that focuses on treating this disease as well as discuss future potential treatments that can improve inclusivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojing Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West 613, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Caiying Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West 613, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lvjie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West 613, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West 613, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West 601, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yong Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West 613, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Biochemistry of human tear film: A review. Exp Eye Res 2022; 220:109101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Caban M, Owczarek K, Lewandowska U. The Role of Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors on Ocular Diseases: Focusing on Potential Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084256. [PMID: 35457074 PMCID: PMC9026850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eye diseases are associated with visual impairment, reduced quality of life, and may even lead to vision loss. The efficacy of available treatment of eye diseases is not satisfactory. The unique environment of the eye related to anatomical and physiological barriers and constraints limits the bioavailability of existing agents. In turn, complex ethiopathogenesis of ocular disorders that used drugs generally are non-disease specific and do not act causally. Therefore, there is a need for the development of a new therapeutic and preventive approach. It seems that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have a significant role in the development and progression of eye diseases and could be used in the therapy of these disorders as pharmacological targets. MMPs and TIMPs play an important role in the angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell invasion, and migration, which occur in ocular diseases. In this review, we aim to describe the participation of MMPs and TIMPs in the eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye syndrome, glaucoma, and ocular cancers, posterior capsule opacification focusing on potential mechanisms.
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13
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The Correlation between Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Point-of-Care Immunoassay, Tear Film Osmolarity, and Ocular Surface Parameters. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:6132016. [PMID: 35450324 PMCID: PMC9017586 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6132016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disease that is difficult to diagnose due to multiple causative factors. The study aimed to evaluate the correlations between tear film matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tear film osmolarity, and ocular surface parameters in patients with dry eyes. Methods. We performed a retrospective chart review for patients diagnosed with dry eye and investigated if associations existed amongst noninvasive tear breakup time (NIBUT); corneal staining scores; and MMP-9 grade, tear film osmolarity, and Schirmer’s test I results. Results. Twenty-four eyes of 24 patients were enrolled in the current study. The grade of MMP-9 (0–4) was positively correlated with tear film osmolarity (
). However, neither qualitative (positive or negative) nor quantitative (grade 0–4) measurements of MMP-9 correlated with any other ocular surface parameters. The osmolarity in the positive corneal staining group was significantly higher than that in the negative group (321.6 ± 19.261 and 299.89 ± 16.213, respectively;
). None of the other ocular surface parameters were correlated with tear film osmolarity. Conclusion. Tear film MMP-9 may be an indicator for tear film osmolarity, or vice-versa. Moreover, osmolarity may have a correlation with corneal staining in patients with dry eye. Tear film MMP-9 and osmolarity tests can be helpful and convenient evaluation tools for identifying inflammation in dry eye disease in clinical practice.
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14
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Noh SR, Chung JL, Lee JM, Seo KY, Koh K. Meibomian gland atrophy with duration of Sjogren's syndrome in adult females. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 42:191-200. [PMID: 34409540 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-02013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the correlation between the duration of Sjögren syndrome (SS) and ocular surface parameters in patients with SS-related dry eye. METHODS We analyzed 108 eyes of 108 female patients with primary SS-related dry eye. All patients underwent rheumatoid serologic tests and ocular surface assessments. The ocular surface assessment included the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) score, meibomian gland (MG) atrophy, lipid layer thickness (LLT), partial and total blinking, partial blinking rate, Schirmer's I test, non-invasive tear break-up time, and ocular surface staining score. Correlations between the duration of SS and ocular surface assessments were calculated. RESULTS The average age and SS duration of the participants were 56.7 ± 10.2 (range 21-78) years and 54.15 ± 41.10 (range 1-134) months, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between SS duration and MG atrophy (r = 0.766, p < 0.001). The correlation between SS duration and MG atrophy rate remained significant after controlling for age (r = 0.559, p < 0.001). Average, maximum, and minimum LLTs showed weak negative correlations with SS duration (r = - 0.310, - 0.211, and-0.304, respectively, p = 0.014, 0.028, and 0.022, respectively) and MG atrophy (r = - 0.191, - 0.326, and - 0.299, respectively, p = 0.049, 0.002, and 0.009, respectively). SPEED score showed a weak positive correlation to SS duration (r = 0.303, p = 0.042) and a moderate positive correlation to MG atrophy (r = 0.450, p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Longer duration of primary SS was related to more severe MG atrophy. Therefore, it is necessary to perform meibography in SS patients to verify MG atrophy status. A comparative study with non-SS dry eye patients is required to validate this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Rae Noh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 136 Youngshinro, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07301, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 136 Youngshinro, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07301, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Koh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 136 Youngshinro, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07301, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Linarin ameliorates innate inflammatory response in an experimental dry eye model via modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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