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Palmer A, Stezoski J, Janesko‑feldman K, Kochanek P, Drabek T. Targeting TNFα‑mediated cytotoxicity using thalidomide after experimental cardiac arrest in rats: An exploratory study. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:380. [DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Palmer
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jason Stezoski
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Keri Janesko‑feldman
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Patrick Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Tomas Drabek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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Khan MI, Momeny M, Ostadhadi S, Jahanabadi S, Ejtemaei-Mehr S, Sameem B, Zarrinrad G, Dehpour AR. Thalidomide attenuates development of morphine dependence in mice by inhibiting PI3K/Akt and nitric oxide signaling pathways. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:39-48. [PMID: 29223784 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Morphine dependence and the subsequent withdrawal syndrome restrict its clinical use in management of chronic pain. The precise mechanism for the development of dependence is still elusive. Thalidomide is a glutamic acid derivative, recently has been reconsidered for its clinical use due to elucidation of different clinical effects. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is an intracellular transducer enzyme which activates Akt which in turns increases the level of nitric oxide. It is well established that elevated levels of nitric oxide has a pivotal role in the development of morphine dependence. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of thalidomide on the development of morphine dependence targeting PI3K/Akt (PKB) and nitric oxide (NO) pathways. Male NMRI mice and human glioblastoma T98G cell line were used to study the effect of thalidomide on morphine dependence. In both models the consequent effect of thalidomide on PI3K/Akt and/or NO signaling in morphine dependence was determined. Thalidomide alone or in combination with PI3K inhibitor, Akt inhibitor or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors significantly reduced naloxone induced withdrawal signs in morphine dependent mice. Also, the levels of nitrite in hippocampus of morphine dependent mice were significantly reduced by thalidomide in compared to vehicle treated morphine dependent mice. In T98G human glioblastoma cells, thalidomide alone or in combination with PI3K and Akt inhibitors significantly reduced iNOS expression in comparison to the morphine treated cells. Also, morphine-induced p-Akt was suppressed when T98G cells were pretreated with thalidomide. Our results suggest that morphine induces Akt, which has a crucial role in the induction of NOS activity, leading to morphine dependence. Moreover, these data indicate that thalidomide attenuates the development of morphine dependence in vivo and in vitro by inhibition of PI3K/Akt and nitric oxide signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, 26000 Kohat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Majid Momeny
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sattar Ostadhadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samane Jahanabadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran (g)
| | - Shahram Ejtemaei-Mehr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bilqees Sameem
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Zarrinrad
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Smith MD, Woodhead JH, Handy LJ, Pruess TH, Vanegas F, Grussendorf E, Grussendorf J, White K, Bulaj KK, Krumin RK, Hunt M, Wilcox KS. Preclinical Comparison of Mechanistically Different Antiseizure, Antinociceptive, and/or Antidepressant Drugs in a Battery of Rodent Models of Nociceptive and Neuropathic Pain. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1995-2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Heo BH, Shin JY, Park KS, Lee HG, Choi JI, Yoon MH, Kim WM. Effects of tianeptine on the development and maintenance of mechanical allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:82-86. [PMID: 27641318 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We validate the analgesic efficacy of tianeptine by different administration routes and timing in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain was induced by ligating the L5 and L6 spinal nerves in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and mechanical allodynia was assessed using von Frey filaments. The effects of orally administered tianeptine and pretreatment with tianeptine (intrathecally or intraperitoneally) on mechanical allodynia were assessed. Oral and preemptive intrathecal administration of tianeptine significantly increased the paw withdrawal threshold but preemptive intraperitoneal administration did not. Nevertheless, intraperitoneal pretreatment of tianeptine potentiated the antiallodynic effects of subsequently administered tianeptine. These findings suggest that tianeptine may be effective for preventing and treating neuropathic pain and that it can be used more widely in clinical pain practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Ha Heo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yun Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Suk Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Gon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Il Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ha Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.
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Yang J, Park KS, Yoon JJ, Bae HB, Yoon MH, Choi JI. Anti-allodynic effect of intrathecal processed Aconitum jaluense is associated with the inhibition of microglial activation and P2X7 receptor expression in spinal cord. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:214. [PMID: 27411500 PMCID: PMC4944236 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background For their analgesic and anti-arthritic effects, Aconitum species have been used in folk medicine in some East Asian countries. Although their analgesic effect is attributed to its action on voltage-dependent sodium channels, they also suppress purinergic receptor expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons in rats with neuropathic pain. In vitro study also demonstrated that the Aconitum suppresses ATP-induced P2X7 receptor (P2X7R)-mediated inflammatory responses in microglial cell lines. Herein, we examined the effect of intrathecal administration of thermally processed Aconitum jaluense (PA) on pain behavior, P2X7R expression and microglial activation in a rat spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model. Methods Mechanical allodynia induced by L5 SNL in Sprague-Dawley rats was measured using the von Frey test to evaluate the effect of intrathecal injection of PA. Changes in the expression of P2X7R in the spinal cord were examined using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In addition, the effect of intrathecal PA on microglial activation was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Results Intrathecal PA attenuated mechanical allodynia in a dose-dependent manner showing both acute and chronic effects with 65 % of the maximal possible effect. The expression and production of spinal P2X7R was increased five days after SNL, but daily intrathecal PA injection significantly inhibited the increase to the level of naïve animals. Immunofluorescence of the spinal cord revealed a significant increase in P2X7R expression and activation of microglia in the dorsal horn, which was inhibited by intrathecal PA treatment. P2X7R co-localized with microglia marker, but not neurons. Conclusions Intrathecal PA exerts anti-allodynic effects in neuropathic pain, possibly by suppressing P2X7R production and expression as well as reducing microglial activation in the spinal cord.
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Helmy MM, Helmy MW, El-Mas MM. Additive Renoprotection by Pioglitazone and Fenofibrate against Inflammatory, Oxidative and Apoptotic Manifestations of Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity: Modulation by PPARs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142303. [PMID: 26536032 PMCID: PMC4633146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a major side effect for the antineoplastic drug cisplatin. Here, we employed pharmacological, biochemical, and molecular studies to investigate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Rats were treated with a single i.p. dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) alone or combined with pioglitazone (PPARγ agonist), fenofibrate (PPARα agonist), pioglitazone plus fenofibrate, or thalidomide (Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor; TNF-α). Cisplatin nephrotoxicity was evidenced by rises in renal indices of functional (blood urea nitrogen, BUN, and creatinine), inflammatory (TNF-α, interleukin 6, IL-6), oxidative (increased malondialdehyde, MDA, and decreased superoxide dismutase, SOD and nitric oxide metabolites, NOx), apoptotic (caspase 3), and histological (glomerular atrophy, acute tubular necrosis and vacuolation) profiles. Cisplatin effects were partly abolished upon concurrent exposure to pioglitazone, fenofibrate, or thalidomide; more renoprotection was observed in rats treated with pioglitazaone plus fenofibrate. Immunostaining showed that renal expressions of PPARα and PPARγ were reduced by cisplatin and restored to vehicle-treated values after simultaneous treatment with pioglitazone or fenofibrate. Fenofibrate or pioglitazone renoprotection remained unaltered after concurrent blockade of PPARα (GW6471) and PPARγ (GW9662), respectively. To complement the rat studies, we also report that in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293 cells), increases caused by cisplatin in inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative biomarkers were (i) partly improved after exposure to pioglitazone, fenofibrate, or thalidomide, and (ii) completely disappeared in cells treated with a combination of all three drugs. These data establish that the combined use of pioglitazone and fenofibrate additively improved manifestations of cisplatin nephrotoxicity through perhaps GW6471/GW9662-insensitive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Helmy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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The antiallodynic effect of intrathecal tianeptine is exerted by increased serotonin and norepinephrine in the spinal dorsal horn. Neurosci Lett 2014; 583:103-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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The Anti-Nociception Effect of Dezocine in a Rat Neuropathic Pain Model. TRANSLATIONAL PERIOPERATIVE AND PAIN MEDICINE 2014; 1:5-8. [PMID: 25356434 PMCID: PMC4209404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of neuropathic pain (NP) currently remains clinically challenging. In an attempt to identify novel targets of known opioids, we found that dezocine, a non-addictive opioid, inhibits norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake through their transporter proteins which open the potential for dezocine to manage NP. In the present study, the effect of dezocine on NP was observed in a rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI). The paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) were used to evaluate thermal hyperalgesia and mechanic allodynia for nociceptive response. PWL and PWT tests were performed at 11:00 AM starting from 1 day before CCI surgery and 1, 3, 7, 10 days after right sciatic nerve ligation in the presence or absence of daily intraperitoneal injection of dezocine. The results demonstrated that the CCI-induced thermal and mechanical pain hypersensitivity was attenuated by dezocine significantly and persistently without sign of tolerance, indicating that dezocine could be an alternative medication for the treatment of NP. Clinical trial to confirm such discovery is warranted.
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Lee HG, Kim WM, Yoon MH, Park AR, Choi JI. Synergistic anti-allodynic effect between intraperitoneal thalidomide and morphine on rat spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain. Korean J Anesthesiol 2013; 65:331-6. [PMID: 24228147 PMCID: PMC3822026 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2013.65.4.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thalidomide has been recognized as having an anti-allodynic effect against neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation. Its clinical beneficial effects are mainly derived from its immune-modulating property, which is known to influence the analgesic action of morphine. The possible characteristics of systemic interactions between thalidomide and morphine in the context of spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain were examined in rats. Methods Neuropathic pain was induced by ligation of the L5/6 spinal nerves in male Sprague-Dawley rats and mechanical allodynia was assessed using von Frey filaments. The ED50 was calculated for thalidomide and for morphine, and the mixture of both drugs was intraperitoneally administered at different doses of ED50 of each drug (1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1/1 of ED50) to obtain the experimental ED50 value for the combination of thalidomide and morphine. Isobolographic analysis was used to evaluate the characteristics of drug interactions between morphine and thalidomide. Results The ED50 of thalidomide was three-fold higher than that of morphine. The experimental ED50 value of the mixture of thalidomide and morphine was significantly lower than the calculated theoretical ED50 value. Isobolographic analysis revealed a synergistic interaction for anti-allodynic effect after intraperitoneal delivery of the thalidomide-morphine mixture. Conclusions These results suggest that thalidomide acts synergistically with morphine to produce an anti-allodynic effect in neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation in rats. Thus, the combination of thalidomide with morphine may be one of the useful strategies in the management of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Gon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Choi SS, Koh WU, Nam JS, Shin JW, Leem JG, Suh JH. Effect of ethyl pyruvate on Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Korean J Pain 2013; 26:135-41. [PMID: 23614074 PMCID: PMC3629339 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2013.26.2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of solid cancers, side effects such as neuropathic pain lead to poor compliance and discontinuation of the therapy. Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is known to have analgesic effects in several pain models and may inhibit apoptosis. The present study was designed to investigate the analgesic effects of EP on mechanical allodynia and apoptosis in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells after paclitaxel administration. Methods Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1) a control group, which received only vehicle; 2) a paclitaxel group, which received paclitaxel; and 3) an EP group, which received EP after paclitaxel administration. Mechanical allodynia was tested before and at 7 and 14 days after final paclitaxel administration. Fourteen days after paclitaxel treatment, DRG apoptosis was determined by activated caspase-3 immunoreactivity (IR). Results Post-treatment with EP did not significantly affect paclitaxel-induced allodynia, although it tended to slightly reduce sensitivities to mechanical stimuli after paclitaxel administration. After paclitaxel administration, an increase in caspase-3 IR in DRG cells was observed, which was co-localized with NF200-positive myelinated neurons. Post-treatment with EP decreased the paclitaxel-induced caspase-3 IR. Paclitaxel administration or post-treatment with EP did not alter the glial fibrillary acidic protein IRs in DRG cells. Conclusions Inhibition of apoptosis in DRG neurons by EP may not be critical in paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Soo Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-fourth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2011 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Andrade P, Visser-Vandewalle V, Del Rosario JS, Daemen MA, Buurman WA, Steinbusch HW, Hoogland G. The thalidomide analgesic effect is associated with differential TNF-α receptor expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as studied in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Brain Res 2012; 1450:24-32. [PMID: 22425187 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is well recognized as a key player in nociceptive signaling. Yet, therapeutic capitalization of this knowledge requires a better understanding of how TNF receptors (TNFR) contribute to pain. To address this question, we studied TNFR expression in the chronic sciatic nerve constriction (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. CCI and sham operated rats received two subcutaneous injections (one immediately after surgery, the other on postoperative day 5) containing either saline, GABA-reuptake inhibitor (NO-711), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), ZVAD or thalidomide. Mechanical (using von Frey filaments) and thermal hypersensitivity (Hargreaves test) were assessed preoperatively and weekly during the first four postoperative weeks. Spinal cord dorsal horn samples were collected from animals that were sacrificed at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after surgery, and analyzed for TNFR1 and TNFR2 mRNA levels by qPCR and protein levels by Western blot. Compared to saline, all applied drug treatments resulted in a faster recovery from mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, yet in a potency order of thalidomide>ZVAD=IGF-1>NO-711. CCI resulted in increased TNFR1 and TNFR2 mRNA and protein levels in the ipsilateral dorsal horn. Thalidomide was the only treatment that attenuated these increases. Finally, animals that showed a poor behavioral recovery were characterized by a significantly higher TNFR1/TNFR2 mRNA ratio. These data show that differential expression of TNFR in the dorsal horn is associated with recovery from pain in this model and suggest that the analgesic effects of thalidomide may act via this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Andrade
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Kim SH, Nam JS, Choi DK, Koh WW, Suh JH, Song JG, Shin JW, Leem JG. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Apoptosis Following Spinal Nerve Ligation Injury in Rats. Korean J Pain 2011; 24:185-90. [PMID: 22220239 PMCID: PMC3248581 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2011.24.4.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal nerve ligation (SNL) injury in rats produces a pain syndrome that includes mechanical and thermal allodynia. Previous studies have indicated that proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) play an important role in peripheral mediation of neuropathic pain, and that altered dorsal root ganglion (DRG) function and degree of DRG neuronal apoptosis are associated with spinal nerve injury. The present study was conducted to evaluate the expression of TNF-α and the extent of apoptosis in the dorsal root ganglion after SNL in rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to SNL of the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves distal to the DRG and proximal to the formation of the sciatic nerve. At postoperative day 8, TNF-α protein levels in the L5-6 DRG were compared between SNL and naive groups using ELISA. In addition, we compared the percentage of neurons injured in the DRG using immunostaining for apoptosis and localization of activated caspase-3. Results SNL injury produced significant mechanical and cold allodynia throughout the 7-day experimental period. TNF-α protein levels were increased in the DRG in rats that had undergone SNL (12.7 ± 3.2 pg/100 µg, P < 0.001) when compared with naïve rats (4.1 ± 1.4 pg/100 µg). The percentage of neurons or satellite cells co-localized with activated caspase-3 were also significantly higher in rats with SNL than in naïve rats (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions SNL injury produces mechanical and cold allodynia, as well as TNF-α elevation and apoptosis in the DRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Protective effect of Acorus calamus L. in rat model of vincristine induced painful neuropathy: An evidence of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2557-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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