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Jang Y, Lim S, Lee S, Je LG, Kim T, Joo S, Seo J, Lee D, Koh JC. Clinical Application of an Augmented Reality Navigation System for Transforaminal Epidural Injection: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1992. [PMID: 38610758 PMCID: PMC11012780 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Augmented reality (AR) navigation systems are emerging to simplify and enhance the precision of medical procedures. Lumbosacral transforaminal epidural injection is a commonly performed procedure for the treatment and diagnosis of radiculopathy. Accurate needle placement while avoiding critical structures remains a challenge. For this purpose, we conducted a randomized controlled trial for our augmented reality navigation system. Methods: This randomized controlled study involved 28 patients, split between a traditional C-arm guided group (control) and an AR navigation guided group (AR-NAVI), to compare procedure efficiency and radiation exposure. The AR-NAVI group used a real-time tracking system displaying spinal structure and needle position on an AR head-mounted display. The procedural time and C-arm usage (radiation exposure) were measured. Results: All patients underwent successful procedures without complications. The AR-NAVI group demonstrated significantly reduced times and C-arm usage for needle entry to the target point (58.57 ± 33.31 vs. 124.91 ± 41.14, p < 0.001 and 3.79 ± 1.97 vs. 8.86 ± 3.94, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The use of the AR navigation system significantly improved procedure efficiency and safety by reducing time and radiation exposure, suggesting a promising direction for future enhancements and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yookyung Jang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (S.L.); (L.G.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Sunghwan Lim
- Center for Healthcare Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (S.L.); (L.G.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Lee Gyeong Je
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (S.L.); (L.G.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Taesan Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (S.L.); (L.G.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Subin Joo
- Department of Medical Assistant Robot, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu 42994, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Joonho Seo
- Department of Medical Assistant Robot, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu 42994, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Deukhee Lee
- Center for Healthcare Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Jae Chul Koh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (S.L.); (L.G.J.); (T.K.)
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Sudek EW, Javed S. Performing advanced fluoroscopic procedures during pregnancy: First-hand account from a pain fellow and faculty. Pain Pract 2024; 24:238-239. [PMID: 37605300 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Walters Sudek
- Department of Pain Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Saba Javed
- Department of Pain Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
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Lee EY, Won HS, Yang M, Kim H, Kim YD. Comparison of international medical costs for interventional pain treatment: a focus on Korea and Japan. Korean J Pain 2024; 37:51-58. [PMID: 38072796 PMCID: PMC10764213 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.23254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rise in national health care costs has emerged as a global problem given the ever-aging population and rapid development of medical technology. The utilization of interventional pain management has, similarly, shown a continued rise worldwide. This study evaluates the differences in the medical costs in the field of interventional pain treatment (IPT) between two countries: Korea and Japan. Methods Korean medical insurance costs for 2019 related to pain management focused on IPT were compared to those of Japan. Purchasing power parity (PPP) was used to adjust the exchange rate differences and to compare prices in consideration of the respective societies' economic power. Results The cost of trigger point injections in Japan was 1.06 times higher than that of Korea, whereas the perineural and intraarticular injection prices were lower in Japan. The cost of epidural blocks was higher in Japan compared to Korea in both cervical/thoracic and lumbar regions. As for blocks of peripheral branches of spinal nerves, the cost of scapular nerve blocks in Japan was lower than that in Korea, given a PPP ratio 0.09. For nerve blocks in which fluoroscopy guidance is mandatory, the costs of epidurography in Japan were greater than those in Korea, given a PPP ratio 1.04. Conclusions This is the first comparative study focusing on the medical costs related to IPT between Korea and Japan, which reveals that the costs differed along various categories. Further comparisons reflecting more diverse countries and socio-economic aspects will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Lee
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Sun Won
- Department of Anatomy, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
- Jesaeng-Euise Clinical Anatomy Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Miyoung Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
- Jesaeng-Euise Clinical Anatomy Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
- Sarcopenia Total Solution Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hyungtae Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Dong Kim
- Jesaeng-Euise Clinical Anatomy Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
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Kim CL, Jeong HC, Kim JH. Radiation shielding effects of lead equivalent thickness of a radiation protective apron and distance during C-arm fluoroscopy-guided pain interventions: A randomized trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36447. [PMID: 38050291 PMCID: PMC10695529 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to evaluate the degree of radiation shielding effects according to lead equivalent thickness and distance during C-arm fluoroscopy-guided lumbar interventions. METHODS The exposure time and air kerma were recorded using a fluoroscope. The effective dose (ED) was measured with and without the shielding material of the lead apron using 2 dosimeters at 2 positions. According to the lead equivalent thickness of the shielding material and distance from the side of the table, the groups were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (lead equivalent thickness 0.6 mm, distance 0 cm), group 2 (lead equivalent thickness 0.6 mm, distance 5 cm), group 3 (lead equivalent thickness 0.3 mm, distance 0 cm), and group 4 (lead equivalent thickness 0.3 mm, distance 5 cm). Mean differences such as air kerma, exposure time, ED, and ratio of EDs (ED with protector/ED without protector) were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 400 cases (100 cases in each group) were collected. The ratio of ED was significantly lower in groups 1 and 2 (9.18 ± 2.78% and 9.56 ± 3.29%, respectively) when compared to that of groups 3 and 4 (21.93 ± 4.19% and 21.53 ± 4.30%, respectively). The reductive effect of a 5-cm distance was 33.3% to 36.1% when comparing the ED between groups 1 and 2 and groups 3 and 4. CONCLUSIONS The 0.3- and 0.6-mm lead equivalent thickness protectors have a radiation attenuation effect of 78.1% to 78.5% and 90.4% to 90.8%, respectively. The 5-cm distance from the side of the table reduces radiation exposure by 33.3% to 36.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Long Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Science, Konkuk University Graduate School of Medicine, Konkuk University School Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Chang Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jun EK, Lim S, Seo J, Lee KH, Lee JH, Lee D, Koh JC. Augmented Reality-Assisted Navigation System for Transforaminal Epidural Injection. J Pain Res 2023; 16:921-931. [PMID: 36960464 PMCID: PMC10029754 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s400955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Multiple studies have attempted to demonstrate the benefits of augmented reality (AR)-assisted navigation systems in surgery. Lumbosacral transforaminal epidural injection is an effective treatment commonly used in patients with radiculopathy due to spinal degenerative pathologies. However, few studies have applied AR-assisted navigation systems to this procedure. The study aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of an AR-assisted navigation system for transforaminal epidural injection. Patients and Methods Through a real-time tracking system and a wireless network to the head-mounted display, computed tomography images of the spine and the path of a spinal needle to the target were visualized on a torso phantom with respiration movements installed. From L1/L2 to L5/S1, needle insertions were performed using an AR-assisted system on the left side of the phantom, and the conventional method was performed on the right side. Results The procedure duration was approximately three times shorter, and the number of radiographs required was reduced in the experimental group compared to the control group. The distance from the needle tips to the target areas in the plan showed no significant difference between the two groups. (AR group 1.7 ± 2.3mm, control group 3.2 ± 2.8mm, P value 0.067). Conclusion An AR-assisted navigation system may be used to reduce the time required for spinal interventions and ensure the safety of patients and physicians in view of radiation exposure. Further studies are essential to apply AR-assisted navigation systems to spine interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Jun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Lim
- Center for Healthcare Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonho Seo
- Department of Medical Assistant Robot, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kae Hong Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deukhee Lee
- Center for Healthcare Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence: Deukhee Lee, Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-2-958-5633, Fax +82-2-920-2275, Email
| | - Jae Chul Koh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Jae Chul Koh, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbukgu, Seoul, 02841, Korea, Tel +82-2-920-5632, Fax +82-2-920-2275, Email
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