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Balasubramanian H, Ahmed J, Ananthan A, Srinivasan L, Mohan D. Comparison of parent or caregiver-completed development screening tools with Bayley Scales of Infant Development: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child 2024:archdischild-2023-326771. [PMID: 38811056 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent/caregiver-completed developmental testing (PCDT) is integral to developmental care in children; however, there is limited information on its accuracy. In this systematic review, we compared the diagnostic accuracy of PCDT with concurrently administered Bayley Scales of Infant Development for detection of developmental delay (DD) in children below 4 years of age. METHODS We searched databases PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Google Scholar until November 2023. Bivariate and multiple thresholds summary receiver operating characteristics were used to obtain the summary sensitivity and specificity with 95% CIs. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool was used for risk of bias assessment. RESULTS A total of 38 studies (31 in the meta-analysis) were included. Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) and Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised (PARCA-R) were the most commonly evaluated PCDTs. ASQ score >2 SD below the mean had an overall sensitivity of 0.72 (0.6, 0.82) and 0.63 (0.50, 0.75) at a median specificity of 0.89 (0.82, 0.94) and 0.81 (0.76, 0.86) for diagnosing moderate to severe DD and severe DD, respectively. PARCA- R had an overall sensitivity of 0.69 (0.51, 0.83) at median specificity of 0.75 (0.64, 0.83) for predicting severe DD. Participant selection bias and partial verification bias were found in over 50% of the studies. The certainty of evidence was low for the studied outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The most commonly studied parental tools, ASQ and PARCA-R, have moderate to low sensitivity and moderate specificity for detecting DD in young children. High risk of bias and heterogeneity in the available data can potentially impact the interpretation of our results. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021268629.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javed Ahmed
- Department of Neonatology, McMaster Childrens Hospital and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anitha Ananthan
- Department of Neonatology, Seth GS Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lakshmi Srinivasan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diwakar Mohan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Verstraete J, Ramma L, Jelsma J. Validity and reliability testing of the Toddler and Infant (TANDI) Health Related Quality of Life instrument for very young children. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2020; 4:94. [PMID: 33165662 PMCID: PMC7652950 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-020-00251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high burden of disease in younger children there are few tools specifically designed to estimate Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in children younger than 3 years of age. A previous paper described the process of identifying a pool of items which might be suitable for measuring HRQoL of children aged 0-3 years. The current paper describes how the items were pruned and the final draft of the measure, Toddler and Infant (TANDI) Health Related Quality of Life, was tested for validity and reliability. METHODS A sample of 187 caregivers of children 1-36 months of age were recruited which included children who were either acutely ill (AI), chronically ill (CI) or from the general school going population (GP). The TANDI, an experimental version of the EQ-5D-Y proxy, included six dimensions with three levels of report and general health measured on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) from 0 to 100. The content validity had been established during the development of the instrument. The TANDI, Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Faces, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolabilty (FLACC) or Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) and a self-designed dietary information questionnaire were administered at baseline. The TANDI was administered 1 week later in GP children to establish test-retest reliability. The distribution of dimension scores, Cronbach's alpha, rotated varimax factor analysis, Spearman's Rho Correlation, the intraclass correlation coefficient, Pearson's correlation, analysis of variance and regression analysis were used to explore the reliability, and validity of the TANDI. RESULTS Concurrent validity of the different dimensions was tested between the TANDI and other instruments. The Spearman's Rho coefficients were significant and moderate to strong for dimensions of activity and participation and significant and weak for items of body functions. Known groups were compared and children with acute illness had the lowest ranked VAS (median 60, range 0-100), indicating worse HRQoL. The six dimensions of the TANDI were tested for internal consistency and reliability and the Cronbach's α as 0.83. Test-retest results showed no variance for dimension scores of movement and play, and high agreement for pain (83%), relationships (87%), communication (83%) and eating (74%). The scores were highly correlated for the VAS (ICC = 0.76; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The TANDI was found to be valid and reliable for use with children aged 1-36 months in South Africa. It is recommended that the TANDI be included in future research to further investigate HRQoL and the impact of interventions in this vulnerable age group. It is further recommended that future testing be done to assess the feasibility, clinical utility, and cross-cultural validity of the measure and to include international input in further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Verstraete
- Division of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Klipfontein Road, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
- Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lebogang Ramma
- Division of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Jelsma
- Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
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Mezawa H, Aoki S, Nakayama SF, Nitta H, Ikeda N, Kato K, Tamai S, Takekoh M, Sanefuji M, Ohga S, Oda M, Mitsubuchi H, Senju A, Kusuhara K, Kuwajima M, Koeda T, Ohya Y, Hashimoto K. Psychometric profile of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Japanese translation. Pediatr Int 2019; 61:1086-1095. [PMID: 31419360 PMCID: PMC6899956 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the psychometric profile of 10 questionnaires (every 6 months, from 6 to 60 months) from the Japanese translation of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, third edition (J-ASQ-3). METHODS Data from 439 children in a birth cohort were used to identify the J-ASQ-3 score distribution, establish cut-off scores, and calculate the instrument's internal consistency. Data were also collected from 491 outpatients to examine J-ASQ-3 test-retest reliability and concurrent validity, which was examined using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development (KSPD) and the Japanese version of the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (J-Denver II). Both the original and the alternative screening criteria of the ASQ-3 were used (failure in at least one and at least two domains, respectively). RESULTS Cronbach's alpha for each J-ASQ-3 subscale on each questionnaire ranged from 0.45 to 0.89. Test-retest reliability was >0.75 for the subscales on almost all questionnaires. Concurrent validity was also adequate. In comparison with the screening results of the KSPD, the overall sensitivity and specificity were 96.0% and 48.8%, respectively, when the ASQ-3 original criterion was used, and 92.1% and 74.9%, respectively, when the alternative criterion was used. In comparison with the screening results of the J-Denver II, the overall sensitivity and specificity were 75.6% and 74.7%, respectively, when the ASQ-3 original criterion was used, and 56.3% and 93.0%, respectively, when the alternative criterion was used. CONCLUSIONS This study quantified the psychometric profiles of the Japanese translations of 10 ASQ-3 questionnaires. We demonstrated the validity of the J-ASQ-3 and determined new cut-off scores. Further studies with larger samples from a greater range of locations are required to clarify the suitability of this tool for all Japanese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Mezawa
- Developmental Evaluation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Aoki
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shoji F Nakayama
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Natsuha Ikeda
- Developmental Evaluation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Kato
- Developmental Evaluation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tamai
- Developmental Evaluation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Takekoh
- Developmental Evaluation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sanefuji
- Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children's Study, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children's Study, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masako Oda
- Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children's Study, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitsubuchi
- Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children's Study, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Senju
- Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children's Study, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Koichi Kusuhara
- Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children's Study, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Mari Kuwajima
- Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children's Study, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Koeda
- Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohya
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Hashimoto
- Developmental Evaluation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Suh CR, Sohn SY, Kim GH, Jung SK, Eun BL. Single-center experience of the Korean-Developmental Screening Test for infants and children. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2016; 59:483-489. [PMID: 28194214 PMCID: PMC5300913 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2016.59.12.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the number of test takers of the Korean-Developmental Screening Test (K-DST) in a single children's hospital within a year, according to age, referral rate, and follow-up percentage. Methods For this study, 4,062 children who visited and received K-DST at Woorisoa Children's Hospital between January and December 2015 were enrolled. Seven test sets were used according to the Korean National Health Screening Program for infants and children in the following age groups: 4 to 6, 9 to 12, 18 to 24, 30 to 36, 42 to 48, 54 to 60, and 66 to 71 months. The results of the K-DST were categorized into 4 groups as follows: further evaluation (<−2 standard deviation [−2SD]), follow-up test (−2SD to −1SD), peer level (−1SD to 1SD), and high level (>1SD). Results The test participants' population and follow-up population were concentrated before the age of 24 months (2,532, 62.3%). The children most commonly referred for further evaluation were those in the 30- to 41-month age group. A mismatch was found between the results of the K-DST and the additional questions. Most of the infants and children with suspicious developmental delays showed catch-up development in their follow-up tests (43 of 55, 78.2%). Conclusion The use of K-DST should be encouraged, especially among children aged over 24 months. Multiple-choice question format for the additional questions is recommended to avoid confusion. We suggest a nationwide study to evaluate and revise the K-DST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae-Ri Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Ye Sohn
- Woorisoa Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Baik-Lin Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim SW, Kim JY, Lee SY, Jeon HR. The Comparison of M-B CDI-K Short Form and K-ASQ as Screening Test for Language Development. Ann Rehabil Med 2016; 40:1108-1113. [PMID: 28119842 PMCID: PMC5256322 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2016.40.6.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the usefulness of the communication domain in the Korean version of Ages and Stages Questionnaire (K-ASQ), and short form of the Korean version of MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (M-B CDI-K), as screening tests for language developmental delay. METHODS Data was collected between April 2010 and December 2013, from children who visited either the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation or the Developmental Delay Clinic, presenting with language development delay as their chief complaint. All the children took the short form of M-B CDI-K and K-ASQ as screening tests, and received diagnostic language assessments including Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI) or Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES). RESULTS A total of 206 children, mean age 29.7 months, were enrolled. The final diagnoses were developmental language disorder, global developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, etc. The M-B CDI-K short form and the communication domain of the K-ASQ had 95.9% and 76.7% sensitivity, and 82.4% and 85.3% specificity, with regards to diagnostic language assessments. The M-B CDI-K short form showed higher negative predictive value and better accuracy than the communication domain of the K-ASQ. CONCLUSION The screening ability of K-ASQ was not sufficient for children with language development delay, and the M-B CDI-K short form should be implemented for additional screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Woo Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ji Yong Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ha Ra Jeon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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Comparing the Results of Developmental Screening of 4 to 60-Month-Old Children in Tehran Using Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status and Ages and Stages Questionnaires. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/ijp.6179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kwun Y, Park HW, Kim MJ, Lee BS, Kim EAR. Validity of the ages and stages questionnaires in Korean compared to Bayley Scales of infant development-II for screening preterm infants at corrected age of 18-24 months for neurodevelopmental delay. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30:450-5. [PMID: 25829813 PMCID: PMC4366966 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.4.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the validity of the ages and stages questionnaire in Korean (ASQ 1st edition, Korean Questionnaires, Seoul Community Rehabilitation Center, 2000) for premature infants. The study population consisted of 90 premature infants born between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011, who were tested using the ASQ (Korean) and Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) (II) at a corrected age of 18-24 months. The validity of the ASQ (Korean) using cut-off values set at < -2 SD was examined by comparing it to the BSID (II) components, namely, the mental developmental index (MDI) or psychomotor developmental index (PDI), which were both set at < 85. The calculation of the sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of the ASQ (Korean) components revealed that they detected infants with neurodevelopmental delay with low sensitivity and positive predictive values, however, the communication domain showed moderate correlations with MDI. The failure in more than one domain of the ASQ (Korean) was significantly correlated with the failure in MDI. The ASQ (Korean) showed low validity for screening neurodevelopmentally delayed premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Kwun
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Park
- Department of Child and Family Welfare, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Min-ju Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center Clinical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byong Sop Lee
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Veldhuizen S, Rodriguez C, Wade TJ, Cairney J. Misclassification due to age grouping in measures of child development. Arch Dis Child 2015; 100:220-4. [PMID: 25138105 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-306548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Screens for developmental delay generally provide a set of norms for different age groups. Development varies continuously with age, however, and applying a single criterion for an age range will inevitably produce misclassifications. In this report, we estimate the resulting error rate for one example: the cognitive subscale of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III). DESIGN Data come from a general population sample of 594 children (305 male) aged 1 month to 42.5 months who received the BSID-III as part of a validation study. We used regression models to estimate the mean and variance of the cognitive subscale as a function of age. We then used these results to generate a dataset of one million simulated participants and compared their status before and after division into age groups. Finally, we applied broader age bands used in two other instruments and explored likely validity limitations when different instruments are compared. RESULTS When BSID-III age groups are used, 15% of cases are missed and 15% of apparent cases are false positives. Wider age groups produced error rates from 27% to 46%. Comparison of different age groups suggests that sensitivity in validation studies would be limited, under certain assumptions, to 70% or less. IMPLICATIONS The use of age groups produces a large number of misclassifications. Although affected children will usually be close to the threshold, this may lead to misreferrals. Results may help to explain the poor measured agreement of development screens. Scoring methods that treat child age as continuous would improve instrument accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Veldhuizen
- Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Family Medicine & Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Community Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Rodriguez
- Department of Family Medicine & Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terrance J Wade
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Cairney
- Department of Family Medicine & Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Community Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Schonhaut L, Armijo I, Schönstedt M, Alvarez J, Cordero M. Validity of the ages and stages questionnaires in term and preterm infants. Pediatrics 2013; 131:e1468-74. [PMID: 23629619 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the concurrent validity of the parent-completed developmental screening measure Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3) compared with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) in children born term, late preterm, or extremely preterm at 8, 18, or 30 months of corrected gestational ages (CGA). METHODS Data were collected from 306 term and preterm children ages 8, 18, and 30 months' CGA recruited from an ambulatory well-child clinic in Santiago, Chile. Parents completed the ASQ-3 in their homes, and afterward a trained professional administered the Bayley-III in a clinic setting. On the ASQ-3, the presence of any domain screened <2 SDs below the mean area score was considered a positive screen (indicating failure or delay). A Bayley-III score less than ≤1 SD indicated mild or severe delay. RESULTS ASQ-3 showed adequate psychometric properties (75% sensitivity and 81% specificity) and modest agreement with the Bayley-III (r = 0.56). Sensitivity, specificity, and correlations between measures improved with testing age and in children who were born extremely preterm. CONCLUSIONS Considering its psychometric properties, the ASQ-3 can be recommended for routine use in screening low-risk children at 8, 18, and 30 months' CGA and is advisable to be included in follow-up programs for children with biological risk factors such as those born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Schonhaut
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
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Kim SW, Han ZA, Jeon HR, Choi JY, Chung HJ, Kim YK, Yoon YH. Neurodevelopmental disorders of children screened by the infantile health promotion system. Ann Rehabil Med 2012; 35:867-72. [PMID: 22506216 PMCID: PMC3309373 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2011.35.6.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform an in depth evaluation of children, and thus provide a systematic method of managing children, who after infantile health screening, were categorized as suspected developmental delay. METHOD 78 children referred to the Developmental Delay Clinic of Ilsan Hospital after suspected development delay on infantile health examinations were enrolled. A team comprised of a physiatrist, pediatrician and pediatric psychiatrist examined the patients. Neurological examination, speech and cognitive evaluation were done. Hearing tests and chromosome studies were performed when needed clinically. All referred children completed K-ASQ questionnaires. Final diagnoses were categorized into specific language impairment (SLI), global developmental delay (GDD), intellectual disability (ID), cerebral palsy (CP), motor developmental delay (MD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). RESULTS 72 of the 78 patients were abnormal in the final diagnosis, with a positive predictive value of 92.3%. Thirty (38.4%) of the 78 subjects were diagnosed as GDD, 28 (35.8%) as SLI, 5 (6.4%) as ASD, 9 (12.5%) as MD, and 6 (7.6%) as normal. Forty five of the 78 patients had risk factors related to development, and 18 had a positive family history for developmental delay and/or autistic disorders. The mean number of abnormal domains on the K-ASQ questionnaires were 3.6 for ASD, 2.7 for GDD, 1.8 for SLI and 0.6 for MD. Differences between these numbers were statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Because of the high predictive value of the K-ASQ, a detailed evaluation is necessary for children suspected of developmental delay in an infantile health promotion system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Woo Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 410-719, Korea
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Ga HY, Kwon JY. A comparison of the korean-ages and stages questionnaires and denver developmental delay screening test. Ann Rehabil Med 2011; 35:369-74. [PMID: 22506146 PMCID: PMC3309214 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2011.35.3.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate concurrent validity between the Korean-Ages and Stages Questionnaires (K-ASQ) and the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST II), and to evaluate the validity of the K-ASQ as a screening tool for detecting developmental delay of Korean children. METHOD A retrospective chart review was done to examine concurrent validity of the screening potentials for developmental delay between the K-ASQ and the DDST II (n=226). We examined validity of the K-ASQ compared with Capute scale (n=141) and Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) (n=69) as a gold standard of developmental delay. Correlation analysis was used to determine the strength of the associations between tests. RESULTS A fair to good strength relationship (k=0.442, p<0.05) was found between the K-ASQ and the DDST II. The test characteristics of the K-ASQ were sensitivity 76.3-90.2%, specificity 62.5-76.5%, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) 2.41-3.40, and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) 0.16-0.32. CONCLUSION Evidence of concurrent validity of the K-ASQ with DDST II was found. K-ASQ can be used for screening of developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Yun Ga
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea [corrected]
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