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Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MD) include an heterogenous group of systemic disorders caused by sporadic or inherited mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), causing impairment of oxidative phosphorylation system. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the dominant pattern of cardiomyopathy in all forms of mtDNA disease, being observed in almost 40% of the patients. Dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular noncompaction, and conduction system disturbances have been also reported. In this article, the authors discuss the current clinical knowledge on MD, focusing on diagnosis and management of mitochondrial diseases caused by mtDNA mutations.
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Luo M, Zhou W, Patel H, Srivastava AP, Symersky J, Bonar MM, Faraldo-Gómez JD, Liao M, Mueller DM. Bedaquiline inhibits the yeast and human mitochondrial ATP synthases. Commun Biol 2020; 3:452. [PMID: 32814813 PMCID: PMC7438494 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bedaquiline (BDQ, Sirturo) has been approved to treat multidrug resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Prior studies suggested that BDQ was a selective inhibitor of the ATP synthase from M. tuberculosis. However, Sirturo treatment leads to an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias and death, raising the concern that this adverse effect results from inhibition at a secondary site. Here we show that BDQ is a potent inhibitor of the yeast and human mitochondrial ATP synthases. Single-particle cryo-EM reveals that the site of BDQ inhibition partially overlaps with that of the inhibitor oligomycin. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the binding mode of BDQ to this site is similar to that previously seen for a mycobacterial enzyme, explaining the observed lack of selectivity. We propose that derivatives of BDQ ought to be made to increase its specificity toward the mycobacterial enzyme and thereby reduce the side effects for patients that are treated with Sirturo. Luo, Zhou et al. show that Bedaquiline (BDQ, Sirturo), approved to treat multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis, inhibits the yeast and human mitochondrial ATP synthases in addition to its intended target, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATP synthase. The structure of the mitochondrial ATP synthase bound to BDQ suggests a means to modify this inhibitor to increase its specificity for the M. tuberculosis enzyme, thereby reducing its side effects for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wenchang Zhou
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hiral Patel
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, 3333 Green Bay Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Anurag P Srivastava
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, 3333 Green Bay Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Jindrich Symersky
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, 3333 Green Bay Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Michał M Bonar
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, 3333 Green Bay Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - José D Faraldo-Gómez
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Maofu Liao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - David M Mueller
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, 3333 Green Bay Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
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Abstract
Maternally mitochondrial dysfunction includes a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders which leads to the impairment of the final common pathway of energy metabolism. Coronary heart disease and coronary venous disease are two important clinical manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction due to abnormality in the setting of underlying pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to cardiomyopathy, which is involved in the onset of acute cardiac and pulmonary failure. Mitochondrial diseases present other cardiac manifestations such as left ventricular noncompaction and cardiac conduction disease. Different clinical findings from mitochondrial dysfunction originate from different mtDNA mutations, and this variety of clinical symptoms poses a diagnostic challenge for cardiologists. Heart transplantation may be a good treatment, but it is not always possible, and other complications of the disease, such as mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like syndrome, should be considered. To diagnose and treat most mitochondrial disorders, careful cardiac, neurological, and molecular studies are needed. In this study, we looked at molecular genetics of MIDs and cardiac manifestations in patients with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Quadir A, Pontifex CS, Lee Robertson H, Labos C, Pfeffer G. Systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiac involvement in mitochondrial myopathy. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2019; 5:e339. [PMID: 31403078 PMCID: PMC6659349 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Our goal was to perform a systematic review of the literature to demonstrate the prevalence of cardiac abnormalities identified using cardiac investigations in patients with mitochondrial myopathy (MM). Methods This systematic review surveys the available evidence for cardiac investigations in MM from a total of 21 studies including 825 participants. Data were stratified by genetic mutation and clinical syndrome. Results We identified echocardiogram and ECG as the principal screening modalities that identify cardiac structural (29%) and conduction abnormalities (39%) in various MM syndromes. ECG abnormalities were more prevalent in patients with m.3243A>G mutations than other gene defects, and patients with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) had a higher prevalence of ECG abnormalities than patients with other clinical syndromes. Echocardiogram abnormalities were significantly more prevalent in patients with m.3243A>G or m.8344A>G mutations compared with other genetic mutations. Similarly, MELAS and MERRF had a higher prevalence compared with other syndromes. We observed a descriptive finding of an increased prevalence of ECG abnormalities in pediatric patients compared with adults. Conclusions This analysis supports the presence of a more severe cardiac phenotype in MELAS and myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibres syndromes and with their commonly associated genetic mutations (m.3243A>G and m.8344A>G). This provides the first evidence basis on which to provide more intensive cardiac screening for patients with certain clinical syndromes and genetic mutations. However, the data are based on a small number of studies. We recommend further studies of natural history, therapeutic response, pediatric participants, and cardiac MRI as areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfia Quadir
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (A.Q., C.S.P., G.P.), University of Calgary; Health Sciences Library (H.L.R.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Queen Elizabeth Health Complex (C.L.), Montreal, Quebec; and Department of Clinical Neurosciences (G.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carly Sabine Pontifex
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (A.Q., C.S.P., G.P.), University of Calgary; Health Sciences Library (H.L.R.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Queen Elizabeth Health Complex (C.L.), Montreal, Quebec; and Department of Clinical Neurosciences (G.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Helen Lee Robertson
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (A.Q., C.S.P., G.P.), University of Calgary; Health Sciences Library (H.L.R.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Queen Elizabeth Health Complex (C.L.), Montreal, Quebec; and Department of Clinical Neurosciences (G.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher Labos
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (A.Q., C.S.P., G.P.), University of Calgary; Health Sciences Library (H.L.R.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Queen Elizabeth Health Complex (C.L.), Montreal, Quebec; and Department of Clinical Neurosciences (G.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (A.Q., C.S.P., G.P.), University of Calgary; Health Sciences Library (H.L.R.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Queen Elizabeth Health Complex (C.L.), Montreal, Quebec; and Department of Clinical Neurosciences (G.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Trotta MC, Salerno M, Brigida AL, Monda V, Messina A, Fiore C, Avola R, Bernardini R, Sessa F, Marsala G, Zanghì GN, Messina G, D'Amico M, Di Filippo C. Inhibition of aldose-reductase-2 by a benzofuroxane derivative bf-5m increases the expression of kcne1, kcnq1 in high glucose cultured H9c2 cardiac cells and sudden cardiac death. Oncotarget 2017; 9:17257-17269. [PMID: 29707106 PMCID: PMC5915114 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterized by prolonged QT interval, leading to sudden cardiac death. Hyperglycemia is an important risk factor for LQTS, inhibiting the cardiac rapid component delayed rectifier K+ current (Iks), responsible for QT interval. We previously showed that the new ALR2 inhibitor BF-5m supplies cardioprotection from QT prolongation induced by high glucose concentration in the medium, reducing QT interval prolongation and preserving morphology. Here we investigated the effects of BF-5m on cell cytotoxicity and viability in H9c2 cells, and on cellular potassium ion channels expression. H9c2 cells were grown in medium with high glucose and high glucose plus the BF-5m by assessing the cytotoxic effects and the cell survival rate. In addition, KCNE1 and KCNQ1 expression in plasma and mitochondrial membranes were monitored. Also, the expression levels of miR-1 proved to suppress KCNQ1 and KCNE1, were analyzed. BF-5m treatment reduced the cytotoxic effects of high glucose on H9c2 cells by increasing cell survival rate and improving H9c2 morphology. Plasmatic KCNE1 and KCNQ1 expression levels were restored by BF-5m in H9c2 exposed to high glucose, down-regulating miR-1. These results suggest that BF-5m exerts cardioprotection from high glucose in rat heart ventricle H9c2 cells exposed to high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Brigida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Dietetic and Sport Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Dietetic and Sport Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Fiore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberto Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotecnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Renato Bernardini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotecnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marsala
- Struttura Complessa di Farmacia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Guido N Zanghì
- Department of Surgery, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele University Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Sicily, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele D'Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Clara Di Filippo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Antolic A, Wood CE, Keller-Wood M. Chronic maternal hypercortisolemia in late gestation alters fetal cardiac function at birth. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R342-R352. [PMID: 29092858 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00296.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies in our laboratory have shown that modest chronic increases in maternal cortisol concentrations over the last 0.20 of gestation impair maternal glucose metabolism and increase the incidence of perinatal stillbirth. Previous studies had found that an increase in maternal cortisol concentrations from 115 to 130 days of gestation in sheep increased both proliferation in fetal cardiomyocytes and apoptosis in the fetal cardiac Purkinje fibers. We hypothesized that the adverse effects of excess cortisol may result in defects in cardiac conduction during labor and delivery. In the present study, we infused cortisol (1 mg·kg-1·day-1) into late gestation pregnant ewes and continuously monitored fetal aortic pressure and ECG through labor and delivery. We found that, although the fetuses of cortisol infused ewes had normal late gestation patterns of arterial pressure and heart rate, there was a significant decrease in fetal aortic pressure and heart rate on the day of birth, specifically in the final hour before delivery. Significant changes in the fetal ECG were also apparent on the day of birth, including prolongation of the P wave and P-R interval. We speculate that chronic exposure to glucocorticoids alters cardiac metabolism or ion homeostasis, contributing to cardiac dysfunction, precipitated by active labor and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Antolic
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Charles E Wood
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maureen Keller-Wood
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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Lee YYL, Zhou Y, Jelinek HF, Hambly BD, McLachlan CS. The association of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) exon 8 insertion/deletion polymorphism and ECG derived QRS duration: A cross-sectional study in an Australian rural population. Int J Cardiol 2016; 228:507-510. [PMID: 27875726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between inherited mitochondrial disease and cardiac conduction have been previously described. However, there are no available studies exploring the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 gene (UCP2) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms interaction on cardiac electrical conduction. Our aim was to determine if ECG-derived QRS duration is associated with UCP2 DD genotype in a cross-sectional Australian aging rural population. METHODS A retrospective study design utilizing a rural health diabetic screening clinic data-base containing observational data from September 2011 to September 2014. Inclusion criteria included were having ECG parameters such as QRS duration measures and a DNA sample within the same subject. Genomic DNA was extracted and subjects were genotyped for the 45-bp I/D polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region of UCP2. RESULTS 281 individuals were available for analysis. On the basis of QRS duration >140ms we found an increased percentage of our population with DD homozygotes, compared to ID heterozygotes and II homozygotes (p=0.047). For other ECG parameters; mean PQ duration, QTc across UCP2 genotypes was not significant (p=NS). QTc using a cut-off >440ms in contingency table analysis revealed no significant differences across UCP2 I/D genotypes. Mean QT dispersion (QTd) was paradoxically less in the UCP2 DD genotype compared to UCP2 II subgroup (p=0.034). DISCUSSION We have demonstrated an association between increasing ECG-derived QRS duration >140ms and the UCP2 DD polymorphism. The lack of association with ECG derived QTd and UCP2 DD may suggest that gene-related QRS duration prolongation is independent of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Yin Leng Lee
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuling Zhou
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Herbert F Jelinek
- Australia School of Health Sciences, Charles Stuart University, Albury, Australia
| | - Brett D Hambly
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig S McLachlan
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Florian A, Ludwig A, Stubbe-Dräger B, Boentert M, Young P, Waltenberger J, Rösch S, Sechtem U, Yilmaz A. Characteristic cardiac phenotypes are detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with different clinical phenotypes and genotypes of mitochondrial myopathy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:40. [PMID: 26001801 PMCID: PMC4490728 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial myopathies (MM) are a heterogeneous group of inherited conditions resulting from a primary defect in the mitochondrial respiratory chain with consecutively impaired cellular energy metabolism. Small sized studies using mainly electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography have revealed cardiac abnormalities ranging from conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias to hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy in these patients. Recently, characteristic patterns of cardiac involvement were documented by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO)/Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) and with mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). The present study aimed to characterize the prevalence and pattern of cardiac abnormalities and to test the additional diagnostic value of CMR in this patient population. The hypothesis that different neuromuscular MM syndromes present with different cardiac disease phenotypes was evaluated. METHODS Sixty-four MM patients (50 ± 15 years, 44% male) and 25 matched controls (52 ± 14 years, 36% male) prospectively underwent cardiac evaluations including CMR (comprising cine- and late-gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) imaging). Based on the neuromuscular phenotype and genotype, the patients were grouped: (a) CPEO/KSS (N = 33); (b) MELAS/-like (N = 11); c) myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF) (N = 3) and d) other non-specific MM forms (N = 17). RESULTS Among the 64 MM patients, 34 (53%) had at least one abnormal CMR finding: 18 (28%) demonstrated an impaired left ventricular ejection-fraction (LV-EF <60%), 14 (22%) had unexplained LV hypertrophy and 21 (33%) were LGE-positive. Compared to controls, MM patients showed significantly higher maximal wall thickness (10 ± 3 vs. 8 ± 2 mm, p = 0.005) and concentricity (LV mass to end-diastolic volume: 0.84 ± 0.27 vs. 0.67 ± 0.11, p < 0.0001) with frequent presence of non-ischemic LGE (30% vs. 0%, p = 0.001). CPEO/KSS showed a predominantly intramural pattern of LGE mostly confined to the basal LV inferolateral wall (8/10; 80%) in addition to a tendency toward concentric remodelling. MELAS/-like patients showed the highest frequency of cardiac disease (in 10/11 (91%)), a mostly concentric LV hypertrophy (6/9; 67%) with or without LV systolic dysfunction and a predominantly focal, patchy LGE equally distributed among LV segments (8/11; 73%). Patients with MERRF and non-specific MM had no particular findings. Pathological CMR findings indicating cardiac involvement were detected significantly more often than pathological ECG results or elevated cardiac serum biomarkers (34 (53%) vs. 18 (28%) vs. 21 (33%); p = 0.008). CONCLUSION Cardiac involvement is a frequent finding in MM patients - and particularly present in KSS/CPEO as well as MELAS/-like patients. Despite a high variability in clinical presentation, CPEO/KSS patients typically show an intramural pattern of LGE in the basal inferolateral wall whereas MELAS patients are characterized by overt concentric hypertrophy and a rather unique, focally accentuated and diffusely distributed LGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Florian
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Anna Ludwig
- Division of Cardiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Bianca Stubbe-Dräger
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Matthias Boentert
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Peter Young
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Sabine Rösch
- Division of Cardiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Udo Sechtem
- Division of Cardiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from primary dysfunction of the respiratory chain. Muscle tissue is highly metabolically active, and therefore myopathy is a common element of the clinical presentation of these disorders, although this may be overshadowed by central neurological features. This review is aimed at a general medical and neurologist readership and provides a clinical approach to the recognition, investigation, and treatment of mitochondrial myopathies. Emphasis is placed on practical management considerations while including some recent updates in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Pfeffer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE13BZ, United Kingdom
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Baik R, Yu R, Lee YM, Kang HC, Lee JS, Kim HD. Early cardiac evaluation in children with non-specific mitochondrial disease with isolated mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I defect. J Paediatr Child Health 2012; 48:1016-20. [PMID: 23038991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2012.02585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We evaluated echocardiography and electrocardiography (ECG) results in children with non-specific mitochondrial disease (MD) in order to study early cardiac involvement, a well-known complication of the disease. METHODS Among non-specific MD children whose isolated mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I defect was confirmed by muscle biopsy and satisfied the criteria of MD, 27 who had no cardiac symptoms were evaluated by echocardiography and ECG. RESULTS Three (11.1%) out of the 27 non-specific MD patients had left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 55% and two of them (7.4%) had fractional shortening of less than 26%. ECG abnormalities were observed in 16 of the non-specific MD patients (59.3%). Prolongation of heart rate-corrected QT interval was seen in 11 (40.7%) and widening of the QRS interval in eight (29.6%). Left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening of the patients were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group while heart rate-corrected QT interval was prolonged in the former group. QRS interval was more widened in non-specific MD patients, but without statistical significance. CONCLUSION The potentially severe cardiac involvement observed in our subjects suggests that early cardiac evaluation after confirming the diagnosis of MD and regular follow-up tests should be strongly recommended in children even in cases without typical cardiac manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Baik
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Chu CS, Chu CL, Liu HE, Lu T. Regain of visuospatial capacity after coenzyme Q10 in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes: a case report. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2012; 24:186-8. [PMID: 26953014 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Multiple systems of the body, including cognitive function and heart conduction, can be affected by this disorder. We report a case with global cognitive impairment. METHOD A single-case report. RESULTS The patient got improved cognitive function, especially visuospatial function, under coenzyme Q10 treatment. CONCLUSION First, coenzyme Q10 may give some benefit to control MELAS. Second, cognitive functions and intellectual abilities decline with disease progression. Routine neuropsychological tests should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Sheng Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Liang Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ern Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ti Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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