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Yin Y, Xu J, Ilyas I, Xu S. Bioactive Flavonoids in Protecting Against Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38755351 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease closely associated with factors such as hyperlipidaemia and chronic inflammation. Among them, endothelial dysfunction serves as a major predisposing factor. Vascular endothelial dysfunction is manifested by impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, enhanced oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, leukocyte adhesion and hyperpermeability, endothelial senescence, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). Flavonoids are known for their antioxidant activity, eliminating oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, reducing platelet aggregation, alleviating ischemic damage, and improving vascular function. Flavonoids have also been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity and to protect the cardiovascular system. This review focuses on the protective effects of these naturally-occuring bioactive flavonoids against the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis through their effects on endothelial cells including, but not limited to, their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and lipid-lowering properties. However, more clinical evidences are still needed to determine the exact role and optimal dosage of these compounds in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Iqra Ilyas
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Bansal K, Singh V, Mishra S, Bajpai M. Articulating the Pharmacological and Nanotechnological Aspects of Genistein: Current and Future Prospectives. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:807-824. [PMID: 38902930 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010265344230919170611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Throughout the past several centuries, herbal constituents have been the subject of scientific interest and the latest research into their therapeutic potential is underway. Genistein is a soy-derived isoflavone found in huge amounts in soy, along with the plants of the Fabaceae family. Scientific studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of genistein on various health conditions. Genistein presents a broad range of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antiulcer, anti-diabetic, wound healing, anti-bacterial, antiviral, skin, and radioprotective effects. However, the hydrophobic nature of genistein results in constrained absorption and restricts its therapeutic potential. In this review, the number of nanocarriers for genistein delivery has been explored, such as polymeric nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, transferosomes, and nanoemulsions and nanofibers. These nano-formulations of genistein have been utilized as a potential strategy for various disorders, employing a variety of ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo models and various administration routes. This review concluded that genistein is a potential therapeutic agent for treating various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disorders, obesity, diabetes, ulcers, etc., when formulated in suitable nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Bansal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vanshita Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samiksha Mishra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meenakshi Bajpai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Liao G, Liu W, Dai Y, Shi X, Liu Y, Li D, Xu T. Beneficial effects of flavonoids on animal models of atherosclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. iScience 2023; 26:108337. [PMID: 38026172 PMCID: PMC10665821 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases that seriously endanger human health. The existing treatment drugs are effective, but they have some side effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that flavonoids have attracted wide attention due to their multiple cardioprotective effects and fewer side effects. PubMed, Web of Science database, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies evaluating the effects of flavonoids against atherosclerosis. 119 studies published from August 1954 to April 2023 were included. Random-effects models were performed for synthesis. Compared with the control group, flavonoids significantly reduced longitudinal and cross-sectional plaque area. The findings indicated that flavonoids significantly reduced the concentrations of serum TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased serum HDL-C concentrations. Besides, flavonoids reduced the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and increased the serum IL-10 level. This study provides evidence for the potential cardiovascular benefits of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wanlu Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yiming Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiangxiang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Wei J, Yao Z, Li H, Lin J, Cui Z, Zhang L. Genistein alleviates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice by interrupting the OX40/OX40L pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:1658-1665. [PMID: 31933984 PMCID: PMC6947097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
More and more evidence shows that the OX40/OX40L interaction plays a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis. However, it is not known whether genistein, a natural phytoestrogen with anti-inflammatory effects found in soybean extract, can prevent experimental atherosclerosis by regulating the OX40/OX40L pathway. This study aims to explore the effect and the underlying mechanisms of genistein on the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E gene knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. ApoE-/- mice, fed an atherogenic diet, were treated with genistein (15 and 45 mg kg-1 day-1). In vitro studies were carried out in oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-stimulated SMCs. Our results show that genistein treatment remarkably reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation and reduced the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in ApoE-/- mice. Also, genistein promotes plaque stability in ApoE-/- mice, characterized by smaller necrotic core areas of atherosclerotic plaques and reduced MMP-9 protein expression in primary smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Furthermore, when mRNA expression and the protein expression of OX40 were significantly increased, they were inhibited by genistein in response to an atherogenic diet. Notably, ApoE-/- mice with an anti-OX40L antibody presented a significant decrease in atherosclerotic lesion formation, which has no further beneficial effects when combined with genistein. These results suggest that genistein potentially has atheroprotective effects that involve the inhibition of the OX40/OX40L pathway, which could be used to prevent and treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tumor (Tuberculosis) HospitalJiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Harbin Children’s HospitalHarbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinghan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Cao JQ, Li CX, Wang RY, Chen JJ, Ma SM, Wang WY, Meng LJ. Identification of atherosclerosis-related prioritizing metabolites based on a multi-omics composite network. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3391-3398. [PMID: 30988716 PMCID: PMC6447794 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites are the final products of cellular regulation processes, their level is the ultimate response of biological systems to environmental and genetic changes. Therefore, the identification of key metabolites is required for the diagnosis and therapy of diseases. In this study, atherosclerosis-related gene expression profile information was extracted from ArrayExpress database (GEOD-57691), and analyzed with limma package. Furthermore, we constructed an intricate multi-omics network involved in genes, phenotypes, metabolites and their associations. To identify the prioritization of atherosclerosis-related metabolites, the relation score of each metabolite in the composite network was computed with the random walk with restart (RWR) method. The top 50 metabolites and top 100 genes were chosen based on the score in the weighted composite network. Consequently, several key metabolites that were ranked in the top 5 of relation score or degree greater than 70 were confirmed. Particularly, metabolites Tretinoin and Estraderm not only have high relation scores, but also contain more degrees. Moreover, we obtained 24 co-expression genes that may be regarded as the targets of atherosclerosis therapy. Therefore, identification of metabolite prioritizations by the composite network integrated the information of genes, phenotypes and metabolites may be available to diagnose atherosclerosis, and can provide the potential therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qiang Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Binzhou City Center Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Xia Li
- Department of Cardiology, Binzhou City Center Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Yi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Binzhou City Center Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Binzhou City Center Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Mei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Binzhou City Center Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Binzhou City Center Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Binzhou City Center Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
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Myasoedova VA, Kirichenko TV, Melnichenko AA, Orekhova VA, Ravani A, Poggio P, Sobenin IA, Bobryshev YV, Orekhov AN. Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects of a Phytoestrogen-Rich Herbal Preparation in Postmenopausal Women. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081318. [PMID: 27529226 PMCID: PMC5000715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis progression is significantly increased after menopause, probably due to the decrease of estrogen levels. The use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for prevention of cardiovascular disease in older postmenopausal failed to meet expectations. Phytoestrogens may induce some improvements in climacteric symptoms, but their effect on the progression of atherosclerosis remains unclear. The reduction of cholesterol accumulation at the cellular level should lead to inhibition of the atherosclerotic process in the arterial wall. The inhibition of intracellular lipid deposition with isoflavonoids was suggested as the effective way for the prevention of plaque formation in the arterial wall. The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was to investigate the effect of an isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation on atherosclerosis progression in postmenopausal women free of overt cardiovascular disease. One hundred fifty-seven healthy postmenopausal women (age 65 ± 6) were randomized to a 500 mg isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation containing tannins from grape seeds, green tea leaves, hop cone powder, and garlic powder, or placebo. Conventional cardiovascular risk factors and intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries (cIMT) were evaluated at the baseline and after 12 months of treatment. After 12-months follow-up, total cholesterol decreased by 6.3% in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients (p = 0.011) and by 5.2% in placebo recipients (p = 0.020); low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased by 7.6% in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients (p = 0.040) and by 5.2% in placebo recipients (non-significant, NS); high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol decreased by 3.4% in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients (NS) and by 4.5% in placebo recipients (p = 0.038); triglycerides decreased by 6.0% in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients (NS) and by 7.1% in placebo recipients (NS). The differences between lipid changes in the isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation and placebo recipients did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, the mean cIMT progression was significantly lower in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients as compared to the placebo group (6 μm, or <1%, versus 100 μm, or 13%; p < 0.001 for the difference). The growth of existing atherosclerotic plaques in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients was inhibited by 1.5-fold (27% versus 41% in the placebo group). The obtained results demonstrate that the use of isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation in postmenopausal women may suppress the formation of new atherosclerotic lesions and reduce the progression of existing ones, thus promising new drug for anti-atherosclerotic therapy. Nevertheless, further studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika A Myasoedova
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan I-20138, Italy.
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia.
| | - Tatyana V Kirichenko
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 143025, Russia.
| | | | - Varvara A Orekhova
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 143025, Russia.
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow 121552, Russia.
| | - Alessio Ravani
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan I-20138, Italy.
| | - Paolo Poggio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan I-20138, Italy.
| | - Igor A Sobenin
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia.
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow 121552, Russia.
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia.
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 143025, Russia.
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Lin J, Xu Y, Zhao T, Sun L, Yang M, Liu T, Sun H, Zhang L. Genistein suppresses smooth muscle cell-derived foam cell formation through tyrosine kinase pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:1297-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gencel VB, Benjamin MM, Bahou SN, Khalil RA. Vascular effects of phytoestrogens and alternative menopausal hormone therapy in cardiovascular disease. Mini Rev Med Chem 2012; 12:149-74. [PMID: 22070687 DOI: 10.2174/138955712798995020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are estrogenic compounds of plant origin classified into different groups including isoflavones, lignans, coumestans and stilbenes. Isoflavones such as genistein and daidzein are the most studied and most potent phytoestrogens, and are found mainly in soy based foods. The effects of phytoestrogens are partly mediated via estrogen receptors (ERs): ERα, ERβ and possibly GPER. The interaction of phytoestrogens with ERs is thought to induce both genomic and non-genomic effects in many tissues including the vasculature. Some phytoestrogens such as genistein have additional non-ER-mediated effects involving signaling pathways such as tyrosine kinase. Experimental studies have shown beneficial effects of phytoestrogens on endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, and extracellular matrix. Phytoestrogens may also affect other pathophysiologic vascular processes such as lipid profile, angiogenesis, inflammation, tissue damage by reactive oxygen species, and these effects could delay the progression of atherosclerosis. As recent clinical trials showed no vascular benefits or even increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CV events with conventional menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), phytoestrogens are being considered as alternatives to pharmacologic MHT. Epidemiological studies in the Far East population suggest that dietary intake of phytoestrogens may contribute to the decreased incidence of postmenopausal CVD and thromboembolic events. Also, the WHO-CARDIAC study supported that consumption of high soybean diet is associated with lower mortalities from coronary artery disease. However, as with estrogen, there has been some discrepancy between the experimental studies demonstrating the vascular benefits of phytoestrogens and the data from clinical trials. This is likely because the phytoestrogens clinical trials have been limited in many aspects including the number of participants enrolled, the clinical end points investigated, and the lack of long-term follow-up. Further investigation of the cellular mechanisms underlying the vascular effects of phytoestrogens and careful evaluation of the epidemiological evidence and clinical trials of their potential vascular benefits would put forward the use of phytoestrogens as an alternative MHT for the relief of menopausal symptoms and amelioration of postmenopausal CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Gencel
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Potential health-modulating effects of isoflavones and metabolites via activation of PPAR and AhR. Nutrients 2010; 2:241-79. [PMID: 22254019 PMCID: PMC3257647 DOI: 10.3390/nu2030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones have multiple actions on cell functions. The most prominent one is the activation of estrogen receptors. Other functions are often overlooked, but are equally important and explain the beneficial health effects of isoflavones. Isoflavones are potent dual PPARα/γ agonists and exert anti-inflammatory activity, which may contribute to the prevention of metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and various other inflammatory diseases. Some isoflavones are potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists and induce cell cycle arrest, chemoprevention and modulate xenobiotic metabolism. This review discusses effects mediated by the activation of AhR and PPARs and casts a light on the concerted action of isoflavones.
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Wang L, Zheng X, Xiang HL, Fu XH, Cao JG. 7-Difluoromethyl-5,4′-dimethoxygenistein inhibits oxidative stress induced adhesion between endothelial cells and monocytes via NF-κB. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 605:31-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wang J, Zhang R, Xu Y, Zhou H, Wang B, Li S. Genistein inhibits the development of atherosclerosis via inhibiting NF-κB and VCAM-1 expression in LDLR knockout mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 86:777-84. [DOI: 10.1139/y08-085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diet can be an important factor that influences risks for cardiovascular disease. Genistein (4′,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone), rich in soy, is one candidate that may benefit the cardiovascular system. Here, we explored the effect of genistein in atherosclerosis (AS) development in an in vivo mouse model. Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) knockout mice were allocated to control, model, and genistein groups. Our results showed that genistein significantly reduced the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques ((4.68 ± 1.18) ×106 versus (6.65 ± 1.51) ×106 µm2, p < 0.05). In the genistein group, compared with the model group, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level was 85.5 ± 15.6 versus 203.4 ± 32.6 mmol/L (p < 0.01); malondialdehyde (MDA) level was 3.79 ± 0.28 versus 3.06 ± 0.31 mmol/L (p < 0.01), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was 86.1 ± 6.1 versus 139.1 ± 25.1 U/mL (p < 0.01). Therefore, genistein was able to enhance serum antioxidative ability in our mouse model. Genistein had no influence, however, on serum cholesterol and lipid profiles. Genistein also markedly downregulated the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in aortas of mice (p < 0.05). These observations suggest that genistein may inhibit AS in LDLR−/− mice via enhancing serum antioxidation and downregulating NF-κB and VCAM-1 expression in the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juejin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Rongjian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing 210029, China
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Haemostatic effects of phytoestrogen genistein in postmenopausal women. Thromb Res 2008; 123:231-5. [PMID: 18410952 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genistein is an isoflavone phytoestrogen derived from the soybean which acts as natural selective estrogen receptor modulator. Various studies have pointed out its cardioprotective role. The aim of the study was to evaluate the haemostatic effects of genistein in postmenopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this double-blind placebo-controlled trial we enrolled 104 healthy postmenopausal women with osteopenia. 53 patients (mean age 54.9+/-4.2 yr; BMI 23.4+/-3.2 Kg/m(2)) received genistein (54 mg/day) and 51 patients (mean age 55.4+/-4.3 yr; BMI 23.6+/-3.6 Kg/m(2)) received an identical placebo-tablet. Both groups received a calcium and vitamin D supplement. Plasma levels of D-dimer (DD), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of treatment. RESULTS Baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. Compared with placebo, genistein decreased significantly DD (p<0.001), but did not affect PAI-1 and F 1+2 plasma levels. CONCLUSION The results of our study do not confirm effects of genistein on activation of the haemostatic system, but on the contrary the significant decrease of DD could indicate a possible cardioprotective role of genistein in postmenopausal women.
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Teixeira Damasceno NR, Apolinário E, Dias Flauzino F, Fernandes I, Abdalla DSP. Soy isoflavones reduce electronegative low-density lipoprotein (LDL(-)) and anti-LDL (-) autoantibodies in experimental atherosclerosis. Eur J Nutr 2007; 46:125-32. [PMID: 17265172 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-006-0640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflavones present in soybean may contribute to soy atheroprotective effects. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of soy isoflavones supplementation on the formation of electronegative LDL (LDL(-)) and its autoantibodies in blood plasma and aortic atheromas of rabbits fed an atherogenic casein-based diet enriched with isoflavones. METHODS New Zealand male rabbits (n = 15) were fed an atherogenic diet (27% casein) supplemented with isoflavones (0.73 or 7.3 mg of isoflavones/kg/day, Low and High Iso groups, respectively) for 180 days. Monthly, blood samples were collected after 12-15 h fasting and at 180 days of treatment all animals were sacrificed. Isoflavones were analyzed in plasma and urine samples by HPLC. LDL(-) in plasma and atheromas was detected by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively, with a monoclonal antibody reactive to LDL(-). Autoantibodies reactive to LDL(-) were analyzed in plasma and aorta by ELISA. RESULTS Low and High Iso groups had decreased LDL-cholesterol, increased HDL-cholesterol and lower levels of LDL(-) in blood plasma and aortic atherosclerotic lesions than the non-supplemented Control group. IgG autoantibodies reactive to LDL(- )were higher in plasma of the Control group in comparison with the High and Low Iso groups. In contrast, the aortas from animals that consumed isoflavones showed higher levels of IgG reactive to LDL(- )than the Control group. CONCLUSION Soy isoflavones showed hypolipidemic effects and decreased the pro-inflammatory LDL(-) subfraction in blood plasma and aorta of hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
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Omoigui S. The Interleukin-6 inflammation pathway from cholesterol to aging--role of statins, bisphosphonates and plant polyphenols in aging and age-related diseases. Immun Ageing 2007; 4:1. [PMID: 17374166 PMCID: PMC1845171 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-4-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe the inflammation pathway from Cholesterol to Aging. Interleukin 6 mediated inflammation is implicated in age-related disorders including Atherosclerosis, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Osteoporosis, Type 2 Diabetes, Dementia and Alzheimer's disease and some forms of Arthritis and Cancer. Statins and Bisphosphonates inhibit Interleukin 6 mediated inflammation indirectly through regulation of endogenous cholesterol synthesis and isoprenoid depletion. Polyphenolic compounds found in plants, fruits and vegetables inhibit Interleukin 6 mediated inflammation by direct inhibition of the signal transduction pathway. Therapeutic targets for the control of all the above diseases should include inhibition of Interleukin-6 mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Omoigui
- Division of Inflammation and Pain Medicine, LA Pain Clinic, 4019 W Rosecrans Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90250, USA.
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