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Patil VS, Harish DR, Sampat GH, Roy S, Jalalpure SS, Khanal P, Gujarathi SS, Hegde HV. System Biology Investigation Revealed Lipopolysaccharide and Alcohol-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resembled Hepatitis B Virus Immunobiology and Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11146. [PMID: 37446321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B infection caused by the hepatitis B virus is a life-threatening cause of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Researchers have produced multiple in vivo models for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and, currently, there are no specific laboratory animal models available to study HBV pathogenesis or immune response; nonetheless, their limitations prevent them from being used to study HBV pathogenesis, immune response, or therapeutic methods because HBV can only infect humans and chimpanzees. The current study is the first of its kind to identify a suitable chemically induced liver cirrhosis/HCC model that parallels HBV pathophysiology. Initially, data from the peer-reviewed literature and the GeneCards database were compiled to identify the genes that HBV and seven drugs (acetaminophen, isoniazid, alcohol, D-galactosamine, lipopolysaccharide, thioacetamide, and rifampicin) regulate. Functional enrichment analysis was performed in the STRING server. The network HBV/Chemical, genes, and pathways were constructed by Cytoscape 3.6.1. About 1546 genes were modulated by HBV, of which 25.2% and 17.6% of the genes were common for alcohol and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis. In accordance with the enrichment analysis, HBV activates the signaling pathways for apoptosis, cell cycle, PI3K-Akt, TNF, JAK-STAT, MAPK, chemokines, NF-kappa B, and TGF-beta. In addition, alcohol and lipopolysaccharide significantly activated these pathways more than other chemicals, with higher gene counts and lower FDR scores. In conclusion, alcohol-induced hepatitis could be a suitable model to study chronic HBV infection and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis for an acute inflammatory response to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal S Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Darasaguppe R Harish
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Ganesh H Sampat
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Sunil S Jalalpure
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Swarup S Gujarathi
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Harsha V Hegde
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
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Łotowska JM, Sobaniec-Łotowska ME, Bobrus-Chociej A, Sobaniec P. The Ultrastructure of Hepatic Stellate Cell-Macrophage Intercellular Crosstalk as a New Morphological Insight into Phenomenon of Fibrogenesis in Pediatric Autoimmune Hepatitis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031024. [PMID: 36769672 PMCID: PMC9917971 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was the pioneering retrospective ultrastructural evaluation of respective forms of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and analysis of their crosstalk with other adjacent nonparenchymal cells (NPCs), especially Kupffer cells/macrophages (KCs/MPs), in pediatric autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). METHODS Ultrastructural assessment of the HSC population and NPCs was performed in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using pretreatment liver biopsies from 25 children (8 boys and 17 girls) aged 4-17 with clinic-pathologically diagnosed untreated AIH. RESULTS Submicroscopic evaluation allowed easy identification of numerous HSCs in the form of transitory cells, i.e., T-HSCs, accompanied by signs of fibrosis. T-HSCs included cells with features of activation initiation (iHSCs) and activation perpetuation (pHSCs), indicating high HSC activation plasticity. The pHSCs were markedly elongated and mainly showed a distinct loss of lipid cytoplasmic material, expanded and dilated channels of granular endoplasmic reticulum, and linear bundles of microfilaments beneath the cell membrane. They were surrounded by usually mature collagen fibers. Frequently activated KCs/MPs adhered directly to T-HSCs. Between them, tight intercellular junctions were formed by means of point desmosomes. CONCLUSIONS Our qualitative TEM observations indicate a key role of T-HSCs in liver fibrogenesis in pediatric AIH, with the essential involvement of activated KCs/MPs that directly adhere to them. Tight intercellular junctions, being the ultrastructural exponent of the specific cellular mechanisms of the crosstalk between NPCs, can play a vital role in hepatic collagen fibroplasia. A better understanding of HSC population morphology at the ultrastructural level in AIH seems important not only to improve the disease morphological diagnostics but to also provide new insights into therapeutic interventions for the phenomenon of liver fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Maria Łotowska
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry and Division of Medical Education in English, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.M.Ł.); (P.S.)
| | - Maria Elżbieta Sobaniec-Łotowska
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry and Division of Medical Education in English, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bobrus-Chociej
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry and Division of Medical Education in English, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobaniec
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry and Division of Medical Education in English, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.M.Ł.); (P.S.)
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[Role of hyperglycemia-induced 5-hydroxytryptamine degradation of hepatic stellate cells in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 54. [PMID: 36533346 PMCID: PMC9761804 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were used to establish T2DM model by high-fat diet feeding combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Then, the mice with hyperglycemia were still fed with high-fat diet for nine weeks, and treated with or without 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) antagonist sarpogrelate hydrochloride (SH) and 5-HT synthesis inhibitor carbidopa (CDP) (alone or in combination). To observe the role of 5-HT in the myofibroblastization of hepa-tic stellate cells (HSCs), human HSCs LX-2 were exposed to high glucose, and were treated with or without SH, CDP or monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor clorgiline (CGL). Hematoxylin & eosin and Masson staining were used to detect the pathological lesions of liver tissue section, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to analyze protein expression, biochemical indicators were measured by ELISA or enzyme kits, and levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by fluorescent probe. RESULTS There were up-regulated expressions of 5-HT2AR, 5-HT synthases and MAO-A, and elevated levels of 5-HT in the liver of the T2DM mice. In addition to reduction of the hepatic 5-HT levels and MAO-A expression, treatment with SH and CDP could effectively ameliorate liver lesions in the T2DM mice, both of which could ameliorate hepatic injury and steatosis, significantly inhibit the increase of hepatic ROS (H2O2) levels to alleviate oxidative stress, and markedly suppress the production of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and the development of inflammation and fibrosis in liver. More importantly, there was a synergistic effect between SH and CDP. Studies on LX-2 cells showed that high glucose could induce up-regulation of 5-HT2AR, 5-HT synthases and MAO-A expression, increase intracellular 5-HT level, increase the production of ROS, and lead to myofibroblastization of LX-2, resulting in the increase of TGF-β1 synthesis and production of inflammatory and fibrosis factors. The effects of high glucose could be significantly inhibited by 5-HT2AR antagonist SH or be markedly abolished by mitochondrial 5-HT degradation inhibitor CGL. In addition, SH significantly suppressed the up-regulation of 5-HT synthases and MAO-A induced by high glucose in LX-2. CONCLUSION Hyperglycemia-induced myofibroblastization and TGF-β1 production of HSCs, which leads to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in T2DM mice, is probably due to the up-regulation of 5-HT2AR expression and increase of 5-HT synthesis and degradation, resulting in the increase of ROS production in mitochondria. Among them, 5-HT2AR is involved in the regulation of 5-HT synthases and MAO-A expression.
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Enciso N, Amiel J, Fabián-Domínguez F, Pando J, Rojas N, Cisneros-Huamaní C, Nava E, Enciso J. Model of Liver Fibrosis Induction by Thioacetamide in Rats for Regenerative Therapy Studies. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2022; 2022:2841894. [PMID: 36411771 PMCID: PMC9675604 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2841894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is caused by chronic injury due to toxic, infectious, or metabolic causes, and it may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is currently no antifibrotic therapy authorized for human use; however, there are promising studies using cell therapies. There are also no animal models that exactly reproduce human liver fibrosis that can be used to better understand the mechanisms of its regression and identify new targets for treatment and therapeutic approaches. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have experimentally demonstrated fibrosis regression effects, but it is necessary to have an animal model of advanced liver fibrosis to evaluate the effect of these cells. The aim of this work was to establish a protocol for the induction of advanced liver fibrosis in rats using thioacetamide (TAA), which will allow us to perform trials using MSC as a possible therapy for fibrosis regression. For this purpose, we selected 24 female rats and grouped them into three experimental groups: the control group (G-I) without treatment and groups II (G-II) and III (G-III) that received TAA by intraperitoneal injection for 24 weeks. Then, 1 × 106/kg adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) were infused intravenously. Groups G-I and G-II were sacrificed 7 days after the last dose of ASC, and G-III was sacrificed 8 weeks after the last ASC infusion, all with xylazine/ketamine (40 mg/kg). The protocol used in this work established a model of advanced hepatic fibrosis as corroborated by METAVIR tests of the histological lesions; by the high levels of the markers α-SMA, CD68, and collagen type I; by functional alterations due to elevated markers of the hepatic lesions; and by alterations of the leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets. Finally, transplanted cells in the fibrous liver were detected. We conclude that TAA applied using the protocol introduced in this study induces a good model of advanced liver fibrosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Enciso
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 150142, Peru
- Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 150142, Peru
| | - José Amiel
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 150142, Peru
| | - Fredy Fabián-Domínguez
- Investigador Adjunto, Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 150142, Peru
| | - Jhon Pando
- Instituto de Criopreservación y Terapia Celular, Lima 15074, Peru
| | - Nancy Rojas
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 506, Peru
| | - Carlos Cisneros-Huamaní
- Investigador Adjunto, Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 150142, Peru
| | - Ernesto Nava
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 506, Peru
| | - Javier Enciso
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 150142, Peru
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Shin MR, Lee JA, Kim M, Lee S, Oh M, Moon J, Nam JW, Choi H, Mun YJ, Roh SS. Gardeniae Fructus Attenuates Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice via Both AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB Pathway and Nrf2 Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111837. [PMID: 34829709 PMCID: PMC8614944 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, which means a sort of the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrices (ECMs) components through the liver tissue, is considered as tissue repair or wound-healing status. This pathological stage potentially leads to cirrhosis, if not controlled, it progressively results in hepatocellular carcinoma. Herein, we investigated the pharmacological properties and underlying mechanisms of Gardeniae Fructus (GF) against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis of mice model. GF not only attenuated hepatic tissue oxidation but also improved hepatic inflammation. We further confirmed that GF led to ameliorating liver fibrosis by ECMs degradations. Regarding the possible underlying mechanism of GF, we observed GF regulated epigenetic regulator, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), in TAA-injected liver tissue. These alterations were well supported by SIRT1 related signaling pathways through regulations of its downstream proteins including, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p47phox, NADPH oxidase 2, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1, respectively. To validate the possible mechanism of GF, we used HepG2 cells with hydrogen peroxide treated oxidative stress and chronic exposure conditions via deteriorations of cellular SIRT1. Moreover, GF remarkably attenuated ECMs accumulations in transforming growth factor–β1-induced LX-2 cells relying on the SIRT1 existence. Taken together, GF attenuated liver fibrosis through AMPK/SIRT1 pathway as well as Nrf2 signaling cascades. Therefore, GF could be a clinical remedy for liver fibrosis patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Rae Shin
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea; (M.-R.S.); (J.A.L.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Jin A Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea; (M.-R.S.); (J.A.L.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Minju Kim
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea; (M.-R.S.); (J.A.L.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Sehui Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea; (M.-R.S.); (J.A.L.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Minhyuck Oh
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea; (M.-R.S.); (J.A.L.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Jimin Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.M.); (J.-W.N.); (H.C.)
| | - Joo-Won Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.M.); (J.-W.N.); (H.C.)
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.M.); (J.-W.N.); (H.C.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Yeun-Ja Mun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea; (M.-R.S.); (J.A.L.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-770-2258
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Al-Hashem F, Al Humayed S, Haidara MA, Abdel Latif NS, Al-Ani B. Captopril suppresses hepatic mammalian target of rapamycin cell signaling and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:414-421. [PMID: 31364422 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1647249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential inhibitory effects of captopril, the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), liver injury enzymes, blood pressure, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress have not been investigated before. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were either injected with TAA (200 mg/kg; twice a week for 8 weeks) before being sacrificed after 10 weeks (model group) or were pretreated with captopril (150 mg/kg) daily for two weeks prior to TAA injections and continued receiving both agents until the end of the experiment (protective group). RESULTS Captopril significantly (p < .05) inhibited TAA-induced hypertension, liver tissue levels of mTOR, TIMP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, MDA; and blood levels of lipids, ALT, and AST. We further demonstrated a significant (p < .01) positive correlation between mTOR scoring and the levels of inflammatory, oxidative and liver injury biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Captopril protects against TAA-induced mTOR, liver injury enzymes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahaid Al-Hashem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Al Humayed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Haidara
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha S Abdel Latif
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bahjat Al-Ani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Ibrahim SA, Mohamed MZ, El-Tahawy NF, Abdelrahman AM. Antifibrotic effects of bezafibrate and pioglitazone against thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in albino rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:313-320. [PMID: 32721217 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells is a central event in hepatic fibrogenesis that offers multiple potential sites for therapeutic interventions. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are implicated in liver fibrosis. We aimed to evaluate the effect of bezafibrate and pioglitazone on a thioacetamide (TAA) rat model of liver fibrosis and to clarify the possible underlying mechanisms. Rats received intraperitoneal injections of TAA for 6 weeks. Daily oral treatments with bezafibrate or pioglitazone were started with the first day of TAA intoxication. Serum liver function tests, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), total nitrite and nitrate (NOx), superoxide dismutase, and hepatic histopathology were assessed to evaluate hepatic damage. Alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and caspase-3 were also assessed. The TAA group experienced significant deterioration of liver functions, increased oxidative stress, and increased liver tissue NOx. Administration of bezafibrate or pioglitazone resulted in significant improvement of all liver functions and reduced oxidative stress in hepatic tissues. Only administration of bezafibrate significantly reduced NOx levels. Liver tissues from the TAA-treated group showed disrupted normal architecture. Administration of bezafibrate or pioglitazone attenuated this picture. Stronger α-SMA expression was detected in the TAA group. Treatment with bezafibrate or pioglitazone decreased the α-SMA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Minia University Faculty of Medicine, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mervat Z Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Minia University Faculty of Medicine, Minia, Egypt
| | - Nashwa F El-Tahawy
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Minia University Faculty of Medicine, Minia, Egypt
| | - Aly M Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Minia University Faculty of Medicine, Minia, Egypt
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Shin Y, Huh J, Ham SJ, Cho YC, Choi Y, Woo DC, Lee J, Kim KW. Test-retest repeatability of ultrasonographic shear wave elastography in a rat liver fibrosis model: toward a quantitative biomarker for preclinical trials. Ultrasonography 2020; 40:126-135. [PMID: 32580267 PMCID: PMC7758098 DOI: 10.14366/usg.19088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the test-retest repeatability and measurement variability of ultrasonographic shear wave elastography (SWE) for liver stiffness in a rat liver fibrosis model. METHODS In 31 Sprague-Dawley rats divided into three groups (high-dose, low-dose, and control), liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal administration of thioacetamide for 8 weeks. A dedicated radiographer performed SWE to measure liver stiffness in kilopascals in two sessions at a 3-day interval. We calculated correlations between liver stiffness and histopathologic results, measurement variability in each session using coefficients of variation (CoVs) and interquartile/median (IQR/M), and test-retest repeatability between both sessions using the repeatability coefficient. RESULTS Different levels of liver fibrosis in each group were successfully induced in the animal model. The mean liver stiffness values were 8.88±1.48 kPa in the control group, 11.62±1.70 kPa in the low-dose group, and 11.91±1.73 kPa in the high-dose group. The correlation between collagen areas and liver stiffness values was moderate (r=0.6). In all groups, the second session yielded lower CoVs (i.e., more reliable results) for liver stiffness than the first session, suggesting a training effect for the operator. The mean IQR/M values were also lower in the second session than in the first session, which had four outliers (0.21 vs. 0.12, P<0.001). The test-retest repeatability coefficient was 3.75 kPa and decreased to 2.82 kPa after removing the four outliers. CONCLUSION The use of ultrasonographic SWE was confirmed to be feasible and repeatable for evaluating liver fibrosis in preclinical trials. Operator training might reduce variability in liver stiffness measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbin Shin
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,School of Computer Science and Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimi Huh
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Su Jung Ham
- Bioimaging Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Chul Cho
- Bioimaging Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonseok Choi
- Bioimaging Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Cheol Woo
- Bioimaging Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongjin Lee
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Bioimaging Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Heydari Z, Najimi M, Mirzaei H, Shpichka A, Ruoss M, Farzaneh Z, Montazeri L, Piryaei A, Timashev P, Gramignoli R, Nussler A, Baharvand H, Vosough M. Tissue Engineering in Liver Regenerative Medicine: Insights into Novel Translational Technologies. Cells 2020; 9:E304. [PMID: 32012725 PMCID: PMC7072533 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ and tissue shortage are known as a crucially important public health problem as unfortunately a small percentage of patients receive transplants. In the context of emerging regenerative medicine, researchers are trying to regenerate and replace different organs and tissues such as the liver, heart, skin, and kidney. Liver tissue engineering (TE) enables us to reproduce and restore liver functions, fully or partially, which could be used in the treatment of acute or chronic liver disorders and/or generate an appropriate functional organ which can be transplanted or employed as an extracorporeal device. In this regard, a variety of techniques (e.g., fabrication technologies, cell-based technologies, microfluidic systems and, extracorporeal liver devices) could be applied in tissue engineering in liver regenerative medicine. Common TE techniques are based on allocating stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells or primary hepatocytes within a three-dimensional structure which leads to the improvement of their survival rate and functional phenotype. Taken together, new findings indicated that developing liver tissue engineering-based techniques could pave the way for better treatment of liver-related disorders. Herein, we summarized novel technologies used in liver regenerative medicine and their future applications in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heydari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (Z.H.); (Z.F.)
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 121135879, Iran;
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119146 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Marc Ruoss
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Zahra Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (Z.H.); (Z.F.)
| | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran;
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119146 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.); (P.T.)
- Department of Polymers and Composites, N.N.Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 117977 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Andreas Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (Z.H.); (Z.F.)
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (Z.H.); (Z.F.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
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10
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Hassan SM, Taha AM, Eldahshan OA, Sayed AA, Salem AM. Modulatory effect of Prosopis juliflora leaves on hepatic fibrogenic and fibrolytic alterations induced in rats by thioacetamide. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108788. [PMID: 31035010 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antifibrotic effect of Prosopis juliflora leaves crude methanolic extract (PJEL) against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis. The phytochemical analysis of PJEL was performed via HPLC/MS in association with evaluating its free radical scavenging and cytotoxic activities. The antifibrotic activity of PJEL was assessed by dividing Wistar rats into 8 groups: normal control, PJEL1-administered rats (2 mg/ Kg b.w.), PJEL2-administered rats (4 mg/ Kg b.w.), PJEL3-administered rats (8 mg/Kg b.w.), TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis, TTA + PJEL1, TAA + PJEL2, and TAA + PJEL3. Results indicated that PJEL crude methanolic extract is rich in polyphenolic compounds and alkaloids. PJEL exerted free radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 123.5 μg/mL and cytotoxic activity against a well-differentiated hepatocellular cell line (IC50 = 11.1 μg/mL). PJEL at a dose of 4 mg/Kg b.w. ameliorated serum ALT activity and improved serum albumin level and hepatic hydroxyproline content in association with a reduction in the fibrosis stage. PJEL elevated hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 contents with less necrosis grade. PJEL post-therapy ameliorated the relative expression of Bcl-2, Col1A1, Mmp-9, and Mmp-2 genes in liver. CONCLUSION: PJEL possesses a good therapeutic activity against TAA-induced liver fibrosis via enhancing extracellular matrix removal and stimulating hepatic regeneration to decrease hepatic necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah M Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - AlShaimaa M Taha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Children's Cancer Hospital, 57357, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Salem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Ren JJ, Huang TJ, Zhang QQ, Zhang HY, Guo XH, Fan HQ, Li RK, Liu LX. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein 1 knockdown attenuates hepatic fibrosis via the regulation of MMPs/TIMPs in mice. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2019; 18:38-47. [PMID: 30243878 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggested that insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein 1 (IGFBPrP1), as a novel mediator, contributes to hepatic fibrogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) play an essential role in hepatic fibrogenesis by regulating homeostasis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the interaction between IGFBPrP1 and MMP/TIMP is not clear. The present study was to knockdown IGFBPrP1 to investigate the correlation between IGFBPrP1 and MMP/TIMP in hepatic fibrosis. METHODS Hepatic fibrosis was induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in mice. Knockdown of IGFBPrP1 expression by ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction-mediated CMB-shRNA-IGFBPrP1 delivery, or inhibition of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway by cyclopamine treatment, was performed in TAA-induced liver fibrosis mice. Hepatic fibrosis was determined by hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red staining. Hepatic expression of IGFBPrP1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor β 1 (TGFβ1), collagen I, MMPs/TIMPs, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), and glioblastoma family transcription factors (Gli1) were investigated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS We found that hepatic expression of IGFBPrP1, TGFβ1, α-SMA, and collagen I were increased longitudinally in mice with TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis, concomitant with MMP2/TIMP2 and MMP9/TIMP1 imbalance and Hh pathway activation. Knockdown of IGFBPrP1 expression, or inhibition of the Hh pathway, reduced the hepatic expression of IGFBPrP1, TGFβ1, α-SMA, and collagen I and re-established MMP2/TIMP2 and MMP9/TIMP1 balance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that IGFBPrP1 knockdown attenuates liver fibrosis by re-establishing MMP2/TIMP2 and MMP9/TIMP1 balance, concomitant with the inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation, down-regulation of TGFβ1 expression, and degradation of the ECM. Furthermore, the Hh pathway mediates IGFBPrP1 knockdown-induced attenuation of hepatic fibrosis through the regulation of MMPs/TIMPs balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ting-Juan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Experimental Center of Science and Research, The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Department of the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Experimental Center of Science and Research, The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Department of the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Experimental Center of Science and Research, The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Department of the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hui-Qin Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Experimental Center of Science and Research, The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Department of the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Li-Xin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Experimental Center of Science and Research, The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Department of the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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12
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Al-Hashem F, Al-Humayed S, Amin SN, Kamar SS, Mansy SS, Hassan S, Abdel-Salam LO, Ellatif MA, Alfaifi M, Haidara MA, Al-Ani B. Metformin inhibits mTOR-HIF-1α axis and profibrogenic and inflammatory biomarkers in thioacetamide-induced hepatic tissue alterations. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9328-9337. [PMID: 30334569 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential inhibitory effect of the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory drug, metformin on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatotoxicity associated with the inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) axis has not been investigated before. Therefore, we tested whether metformin can protect against liver injuries including fibrosis induced by TAA possibly via the downregulation of mTOR-HIF-1α axis and profibrogenic and inflammatory biomarkers. Rats either injected with TAA (200 mg/kg; twice a week for 8 weeks) before being killed after 10 weeks (model group) or were pretreated with metformin (200 mg/kg) daily for 2 weeks before TAA injections and continued receiving both agents until the end of the experiment, at Week 10 (protective group). Using light and electron microscopy examinations, we observed in the model group substantial damage to the hepatocytes and liver tissue such as collagen deposition, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and degenerative cellular changes with ballooned mitochondria that were substantially ameliorated by metformin. Metformin also significantly ( p < 0.05) inhibited TAA-induced HIF-1α, mTOR, the profibrogenic biomarker α-smooth muscle actin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase in harvested liver homogenates and blood samples. In addition, a significant ( p < 0.01) positive correlation between hypoxia scoring (HIF-1α) and the serum levels of TNF-α ( r = 0.797), IL-6 ( r = 0.859), and ALT ( r = 0.760) was observed. We conclude that metformin protects against TAA-induced hepatic injuries in rats, which is associated with the inhibition of mTOR-HIF-1α axis and profibrogenic and inflammatory biomarkers; thus, may offer therapeutic potential in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahaid Al-Hashem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Al-Humayed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa N Amin
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samaa S Kamar
- Department of Medical Histology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soheir S Mansy
- Electron Microscopy Research Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah Hassan
- Electron Microscopy Research Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lubna O Abdel-Salam
- Department of Pathology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd Ellatif
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alfaifi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Haidara
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bahjat Al-Ani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Salama SM, Ibrahim IAA, Shahzad N, Al-Ghamdi S, Ayoub N, AlRashdi AS, Abdulla MA, Salehen N, Bilgen M. Hepatoprotectivity of Panduratin A against liver damage: In vivo demonstration with a rat model of cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide. APMIS 2018; 126:710-721. [PMID: 30058214 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This experiment evaluated Panduratin A (PA), a chalcone isolated from Boesenbergia rotunda rhizomes, for its hepatoprotectivity. Rats were subjected to liver damage induced by intra-peritoneal injection of thioacetamide (TAA). PA was tested first for its acute toxicity and then administered by oral gavage at doses 5, 10, and 50 mg/kg to rats. At the end of the 8th week, livers from all rats were excised and evaluated ex vivo. Measurements included alkaline phosphatase (AP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), serum platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), and hepatic metalloproteinase enzyme (MMP-2) and its inhibitor extracellular matrix protein (TIMP-1). Oxidative stress was measured by liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrotyrosine levels, urinary 8-hydroxy 2- deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities. The immunohistochemistry of TGF-β1 was additionally performed. PA revealed safe dose of 250 mg/kg on experimental rats and positive effect on the liver. The results suggested reduced hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activity as verified from the attenuation of serum PDGF and TGF-β1, hepatic MMP-2 and TIMP-1, and oxidative stress. The extensive data altogether conclude that PA treatment could protect the liver from the progression of cirrhosis through a possible mechanism inhibiting HSCs activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy M Salama
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Ayoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Salim AlRashdi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur'Ain Salehen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mehmet Bilgen
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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14
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Al-Humadi H, Alhumadi A, Al-Saigh R, Strilakou A, Lazaris AC, Gazouli M, Liapi C. "Extracellular matrix remodelling in the liver of rats subjected to dietary choline deprivation and/or thioacetamide administration". Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:1245-1256. [PMID: 30019784 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Choline deprivation is a recognized experimental approach to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, while thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis resembles alcoholic liver fibrogenesis. In order to elucidate the effect of TAA on liver extracellular matrix composition under choline deprivation due to choline-deficient diet (CDD) administration, we evaluated the transcriptional and immunohistochemical (IHC) pattern of major hepatic matrix metalloproteinases (namely, MMP-2, -9) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1, -2) in adult male albino Wistar rats at 30, 60 and 90 days. In the CDD+TAA group, IHC showed an early progressive increase in MMP-2 expression, while MMP-9 initially exhibited a significant increase followed by a gradual decrease; TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 IHC expressions showed gradual increase throughout the experiment. The MMPs-TIMPs regulation at the transcriptional level was found to be increased in all groups throughout the experiment. The increased MMP-2/TIMP-2 and suppressed MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios in IHC and in real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) seemed to correlate with the degree of liver fibrosis. These results support the important role of MMPs and TIMPs in controlling the hepatic pathogenesis and shed more light on the recently described experimental approach to liver disease (steatohepatitis) under the impact of two insults (TAA and CDD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Al-Humadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alhumadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rafal Al-Saigh
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Clinical & Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Athina Strilakou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas C Lazaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Science/Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charis Liapi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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Ultrastructural Characteristics of Rat Hepatic Oval Cells and Their Intercellular Contacts in the Model of Biliary Fibrosis: New Insights into Experimental Liver Fibrogenesis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:2721547. [PMID: 28769978 PMCID: PMC5523291 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2721547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, it has been emphasized that hepatic progenitor/oval cells (HPCs) are significantly involved in liver fibrogenesis. We evaluated the multipotential population of HPCs by transmission electron microscope (TEM), including relations with adherent hepatic nonparenchymal cells (NPCs) in rats with biliary fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). METHODS The study used 6-week-old Wistar Crl: WI(Han) rats after BDL for 1, 6, and 8 weeks. RESULTS Current ultrastructural analysis showed considerable proliferation of HPCs in experimental intensive biliary fibrosis. HPCs formed proliferating bile ductules and were scattered in periportal connective tissue. We distinguished 4 main types of HPCs: 0, I, II (bile duct-like cells; most common), and III (hepatocyte-like cells). We observed, very seldom presented in literature, cellular interactions between HPCs and adjacent NPCs, especially commonly found transitional hepatic stellate cells (T-HSCs) and Kupffer cells/macrophages. We showed the phenomenon of penetration of the basement membrane of proliferating bile ductules by cytoplasmic processes sent by T-HSCs and the formation of direct cell-cell contact with ductular epithelial cells related to HPCs. CONCLUSIONS HPC proliferation induced by BDL evidently promotes portal fibrogenesis. Better understanding of the complex cellular interactions between HPCs and adjacent NPCs, especially T-HSCs, may help develop antifibrotic therapies in the future.
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16
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Amer MG, Mazen NF, Mohamed AM. Caffeine intake decreases oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in experimental liver diseases induced by thioacetamide: Biochemical and histological study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:13-24. [PMID: 28281876 PMCID: PMC5806787 DOI: 10.1177/0394632017694898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease remains a significant global health problem. Increased caffeine consumption has been associated with a lower prevalence of chronic liver disease. This study aimed to investigate the modifying effects of caffeine on liver injury induced by thioacetamide (TAA) administration in male rats and the possible underlying mechanisms. Forty adult male rats were equally classified into four groups: control group, received only tap water; caffeine-treated group, received caffeine (37.5 mg/kg per day); TAA-treated group, received intraperitoneal (i.p.) TAA (200 mg/kg b.w.) twice a week; and caffeine + TAA-treated group, received combined TAA and caffeine in the same previous doses. After eight weeks of treatment, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis and liver specimens were prepared for histological and immunohistochemical studies and for assessment of oxidative stress. TAA induced liver toxicity with elevated liver enzymes and histological alterations, fatty changes, apoptosis, and fibrosis evidenced by increased immunohistochemical reaction to matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and collagen type IV in hepatocytes. Also, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in serum were significantly elevated. Co-treatment with caffeine and TAA restored normal liver structure and function. Caffeine provided an anti-fibrogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effect that was associated with recovery of hepatic histological and functional alterations from TAA-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona G Amer
- 1 Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nehad F Mazen
- 1 Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Mohamed
- 2 Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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17
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Elberry DA, Amin SN, Esmail RSEN, Rashed LA, Gamal MM. Effect of undifferentiated versus hepatogenic partially differentiated mesenchymal stem cells on hepatic and cognitive functions in liver cirrhosis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:652-670. [PMID: 28337098 PMCID: PMC5318675 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is the outcome of chronic liver injury. The current study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells versus in vitro partially differentiated mesenchymal stem cells on liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. 50 adult male albino rats constituted the animal model and were divided into the following groups: control, thioacetamide, undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells and hepatocyte growth factor-differentiated mesenchymal stem cells groups. Cognitive assessment was achieved by open field test and Y-maze task. We measured serum alanine aminotransferase, albumin and transforming growth factor-beta1, gene expression of α-smooth muscle actin, matrix metalloprotein-2, its tissue inhibitor and apoptotic markers: Bax and Bcl2, brain glial fibrillary acidic protein, synaptophysin, and dopaminergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Azmy Elberry
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Nasr Amin
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Maha Mohamed Gamal
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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18
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Ali SO, Darwish HA, Ismail NA. Curcumin, Silybin Phytosome(®) and α-R-Lipoic Acid Mitigate Chronic Hepatitis in Rat by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Cytokines Production. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 118:369-80. [PMID: 26457982 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis is recognized as a worldwide health problem that gradually progresses towards cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the large number of experiments using animal models for allergic hepatitis, it is still difficult to produce a picture of chronic hepatitis. Therefore, this study was conducted to introduce an animal model approximating to the mechanism of chronicity in human hepatitis. The study also aimed to examine the hepatoprotective effects of curcumin, silybin phytosome(®) and α-R-lipoic acid against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced chronic hepatitis in rat model. TAA was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 200 mg/kg three times weekly for 4 weeks. At the end of this period, a group of rats was killed to assess the development of chronic hepatitis in comparison with their respective control group. TAA administration was then discontinued, and the remaining animals were subsequently allocated into four groups. Group 1 was left untreated, whereas groups 2-4 were allowed to receive daily oral doses of curcumin, silybin phytosome(®) or α-R-lipoic acid, respectively, for 7 weeks. Increases in hepatic levels of malondialdehyde associated with TAA administration were inhibited in groups receiving supplements. Furthermore, glutathione depletion, collagen deposition, macrophage activation and nuclear factor κappa-B expression as well as tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels were significantly decreased in response to supplements administration. Serological analysis of liver function and liver histopathological examination reinforced the results. The above evidence collectively indicates that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of curcumin, silybin phytosome(®) and α-R-lipoic acid may confer therapeutic efficacy against chronic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa O Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nabila A Ismail
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Barbero-Becerra VJ, Giraudi PJ, Chávez-Tapia NC, Uribe M, Tiribelli C, Rosso N. The interplay between hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes in an in vitro model of NASH. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1753-8. [PMID: 26187275 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM A complex interplay exists between hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in hepatic fibrogenesis. The activation of HSCs after liver injury leads to production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Co-culture models could be useful to mimic the liver microenvironment. This study evaluates the effect of free fatty acids (FFA) on HSC cells and the interplay with hepatocytes via both soluble-mediator and cell-cell contact. METHODS The human hepatocyte cell line (HuH7) and HSC cells (LX2) were exposed to FFA for 24 h in 3 different experimental set-ups: (A) monoculture of HSC; (B) Transwell® system (effect of soluble mediators); and (C) Simultaneous Co-Culture (SCC) (cell-to-cell connections). Intracellular FFA accumulation was assessed qualitatively (microscopy) and quantitatively (flow cytometry); the activation of HSC (alpha smooth muscle actin, α-SMA) expression of ECM components were quantified by RT-PCR. RESULTS FFA exposure induces intracellular fat accumulation in all the experimental set-up but the expression of α-SMA was significantly increased only in SCC. On the contrary, the expression of ECM was substantially decreased in the transwell® system. CONCLUSIONS The HSC activation is independent of FFA accumulation but requires cell-to-cell interaction with hepatocyte. On the contrary, the gene regulation of ECM components seems to occur through paracrine mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varenka J Barbero-Becerra
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Puente de Piedra 150, Col. Toriello Guerra, Tlalpan, C.P. 14050 Mexico City, Mexico; Centro Studi Fegato (CSF) - Liver Research Center, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Bldg Q AREA Science Park, Basovizza Campus SS 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Pablo J Giraudi
- Centro Studi Fegato (CSF) - Liver Research Center, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Bldg Q AREA Science Park, Basovizza Campus SS 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Norberto C Chávez-Tapia
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Puente de Piedra 150, Col. Toriello Guerra, Tlalpan, C.P. 14050 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Misael Uribe
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Puente de Piedra 150, Col. Toriello Guerra, Tlalpan, C.P. 14050 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Centro Studi Fegato (CSF) - Liver Research Center, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Bldg Q AREA Science Park, Basovizza Campus SS 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Natalia Rosso
- Centro Studi Fegato (CSF) - Liver Research Center, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Bldg Q AREA Science Park, Basovizza Campus SS 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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Nicotinic acid prevents experimental liver fibrosis by attenuating the prooxidant process. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:244-51. [PMID: 26093271 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins that occurs in most chronic liver diseases. Nicotinamide treatment has been shown to prevent collagen accumulation and fibrogenesis in a bleomycin model of lung fibrosis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of nicotinic acid (NA) on experimental liver fibrosis and investigated its underlying mechanism. METHODS Fibrosis was induced by chronic TAA administration and the effects of co-administration with NA for 8 weeks were evaluated, including control groups. RESULTS TAA administration induced liver fibrosis, which was prevented by nicotinic acid. NA prevented the elevation of liver enzymes and prevented hepatic glycogen depletion. Liver histopathology and hydroxyproline levels were significantly lower in the rats treated with TAA plus NA compared with TAA only. NA demonstrated antioxidant properties by restoring the redox equilibrium (lipid peroxidation and GPx levels). Western blot assays showed decreased expression levels of TGF-β and its downstream inductor CTGF. Additionally, NA prevented hepatic stellate cell activation due by blocking the expression of α-SMA. Zymography assays showed that NA decreased the activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. CONCLUSIONS NA prevents experimental fibrosis; the mechanisms of action are associated with its antioxidant properties and the reduction in TGF-β expression. The decrease in TGF-β levels may be associated with the attenuation of the oxidative processes, thus resulting in a reduction in HSC activation and ECM deposition. The findings suggest a possible role for NA as an antifibrotic agent for liver injury.
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Immobilized Enzyme Reactor Chromatography for Online Gelatinase Inhibitors Screening. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ali SO, Darwish HAEM, Ismail NAEF. Modulatory effects of curcumin, silybin-phytosome and alpha-R-lipoic acid against thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 216:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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PASS-predicted hepatoprotective activity of Caesalpinia sappan in thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:301879. [PMID: 24701154 PMCID: PMC3950979 DOI: 10.1155/2014/301879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The antifibrotic effects of traditional medicinal herb Caesalpinia sappan (CS) extract on liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) and the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in rats were studied. A computer-aided prediction of antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities was primarily performed with the Prediction Activity Spectra of the Substance (PASS) Program. Liver fibrosis was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by TAA administration (0.03% w/v) in drinking water for a period of 12 weeks. Rats were divided into seven groups: control, TAA, Silymarin (SY), and CS 300 mg/kg body weight and 100 mg/kg groups. The effect of CS on liver fibrogenesis was determined by Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemical analysis, and western blotting. In vivo determination of hepatic antioxidant activities, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), and matrix metalloproteinases (MPPS) was employed. CS treatment had significantly increased hepatic antioxidant enzymes activity in the TAA-treated rats. Liver fibrosis was greatly alleviated in rats when treated with CS extract. CS treatment was noted to normalize the expression of TGF-β1, αSMA, PCNA, MMPs, and TIMP1 proteins. PASS-predicted plant activity could efficiently guide in selecting a promising pharmaceutical lead with high accuracy and required antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing body of evidence that caffeine exerts beneficial effects on the liver; however, the molecular mechanisms by which caffeine exerts beneficial effects on the liver are poorly defined. AIMS The aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of caffeine in preventing thioacetamide (TAA)-induced cirrhosis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cirrhosis was induced by chronic TAA administration and the effects of coadministration of caffeine for 8 weeks were evaluated, including control groups. RESULTS The administration of TAA induced liver cirrhosis, which was inhibited by caffeine. Caffeine prevents elevation of liver enzymes. Liver histopathology and hydroxyproline levels were significantly lower in the rats treated with TAA plus caffeine compared with TAA only. Caffeine shows antioxidant properties by restoring the redox equilibrium [lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels]. Western blot assays showed blockade of the expression of transforming growth factor-β and its downstream inductor connective tissue growth factor. Similarly, caffeine decreases messenger RNA levels of these profibrogenic proteins. In addition, caffeine inhibits hepatic stellate cells because of blockade of the expression of α-smooth muscle actin; in the western blot assay, we also found low levels of mRNA of collagen α1. Zymography assays showed that caffeine had an effect on the activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, but no effect on the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, using RT-PCR. CONCLUSION Our results show that caffeine prevents experimental cirrhosis; the mechanisms of action are associated with its antioxidant properties and mainly by its ability to block the elevation of the profibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor-β, which may be associated with attenuation of the inflammatory and fibrotic processes.
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Liang J, Zhang B, Shen RW, Liu JB, Gao MH, Li Y, Li YY, Zhang W. Preventive effect of halofuginone on concanavalin A-induced liver fibrosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82232. [PMID: 24358159 PMCID: PMC3864948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Halofuginone (HF) is an active component of extracts derived from the plant alkaloid febrifugine and has shown therapeutic promise in animal models of fibrotic disease. Our main objectives were to clarify the suppressive effect of HF on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver fibrosis. ConA injection into the tail vein caused a great increase in the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, while orally administration of HF significantly decreased the levels of the transaminases. In addition, the levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen III (PCIII) and TGF-β1 in the serum and collagen I, α-SMA, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) and Smad3 in the liver tissue were significantly lowered with the treatment of HF. Histological examination also demonstrated that HF significantly reduced the severity of liver fibrosis. Since ConA-induced liver fibrosis is caused by the repeated activation of T cells, immunomodulatory substances might be responsible for the suppressive effect of HF. We found that the production of nuclear factor (NF)-kB in the serum was increased in ConA-treated group, while decreased significantly with the treatment of HF. The changes of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), IL-6 and IL-1β in the serum followed the same rhythm. All together, our findings indicate that orally administration HF (10ppm) would attenuate the liver fibrosis by suppressing the synthesis of collagen I and inflammation-mediated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (BZ); (RWS)
| | - Ruo-wu Shen
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (BZ); (RWS)
| | - Jia-Bao Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei-hua Gao
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Mechanism of Hepatoprotective Effect of Boesenbergia rotunda in Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Damage in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:157456. [PMID: 23997791 PMCID: PMC3749608 DOI: 10.1155/2013/157456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Researchers focused on developing traditional therapies as pharmacological medicines to treat liver cirrhosis. Objectives. Evaluating the hepatoprotective activity of Boesenbergia rotunda (BR) rhizome ethanolic extract on thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats. Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with 200 mg/kg TAA 3 times/week and daily oral administration of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg of BR extract, and 50 mg/kg of the reference drug Silymarin for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, Masson's trichrome staining was used to measure the degree of liver fibrosis. Hepatic antioxidant enzymes (CAT and GPx), nitrotyrosine, cytochrome (P450 2E1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), and urinary 8-hydroxyguanosine were measured. Serum levels of transforming growth factor TGF-β1, nuclear transcription factor NF-κB, proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, and caspase-3 were evaluated. Serum protein expression and immunohistochemistry of proapoptotic Bax and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins were measured and confirmed by immunohistochemistry of Bax, Bcl-2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Results. BR treatment improved liver histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemistry, triggered apoptosis, and inhibited cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins, and hepatocytes proliferation. Conclusion. Liver cirrhosis progression can be inhibited by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of BR ethanolic extract while preserving the normal liver status.
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Trotta MDR, Cajaiba DM, Parra OM, Dagli MLZ, Hernandez-Blazquez FJ. Parenteral solution of nutritional hepatotrophic factors improves regeneration in thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic livers after partial hepatectomy. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 42:414-21. [PMID: 23615430 DOI: 10.1177/0192623313486316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liver resection is a suitable option for the treatment of certain hepatic conditions, particularly hepatocarcinomas, in patients with cirrhosis. However, this disease impairs liver regeneration, which increases the risk of liver failure and postoperative death. Supportive treatments for regeneration of the remaining liver may be useful for the recovery of these patients. We demonstrated that nutritional hepatotrophic factors (NHF) is an effective regenerative stimulus for cirrhotic livers in rats subjected to partial hepatectomy (PH). The rats with thioacetamide-induced cirrhosis were subjected to PH, and they were divided into 2 groups. One group received intraperitoneal administration of NHF, and the other group received saline solution. After 12 days, biometric data, collagen content, hepatocyte regeneration (proliferation cell nuclear antigen immunochemistry), and profibrotic gene expression (Collagen-α1, matrix metalloproteinase 2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, and transforming growth factor beta 1) were assessed. The results indicated that the rats treated with NHF after PH had an increased liver size, a reduced amount of collagen, and a higher hepatocyte proliferation index compared with the rats that underwent PH alone. In addition, collagen-α1 gene expression was decreased in the NHF-treated rats. Thus, postoperative improvement in the liver morphology following NHF treatment may cause a significant decrease in the risk of liver failure and mortality after hepatic resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio de Rosa Trotta
- 1Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Liu Y, Meyer C, Xu C, Weng H, Hellerbrand C, ten Dijke P, Dooley S. Animal models of chronic liver diseases. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 304:G449-68. [PMID: 23275613 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00199.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are frequent and potentially life threatening for humans. The underlying etiologies are diverse, ranging from viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and intoxications (including alcohol abuse) to imbalanced diets. Although at early stages of disease the liver regenerates in the absence of the insult, advanced stages cannot be healed and may require organ transplantation. A better understanding of underlying mechanisms is mandatory for the design of new drugs to be used in clinic. Therefore, rodent models are being developed to mimic human liver disease. However, no model to date can completely recapitulate the "corresponding" human disorder. Limiting factors are the time frame required in humans to establish a certain liver disease and the fact that rodents possess a distinct immune system compared with humans and have different metabolic rates affecting liver homeostasis. These features account for the difficulties in developing adequate rodent models for studying disease progression and for testing new pharmaceuticals to be translated into the clinic. Nevertheless, traditional and new promising animal models that mimic certain attributes of chronic liver diseases are established and being used to deepen our understanding in the underlying mechanisms of distinct liver diseases. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of recent advances in animal models recapitulating different features and etiologies of human liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology-Alcohol Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Arauz J, Moreno MG, Cortés-Reynosa P, Salazar EP, Muriel P. Coffee attenuates fibrosis by decreasing the expression of TGF-β and CTGF in a murine model of liver damage. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:970-9. [PMID: 22899499 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the antifibrotic properties of coffee in a model of liver damage induced by repeated administration of thioacetamide (TAA) in male Wistar rats. In this study, cirrhosis was induced by chronic TAA administration and the effects of co-administration of conventional caffeinated coffee or decaffeinated coffee (CC, DC, respectively) for 8 weeks were evaluated. TAA administration elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (AP), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), liver lipid peroxidation, collagen content, depleted liver glycogen and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Additionally increased levels of a number of proteins were detected including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, 9 and 13. Coffee suppressed most of the changes produced by TAA. Histopathological analysis was in agreement with biochemical and molecular findings. These results indicate that coffee attenuates experimental cirrhosis; the action mechanisms are probably associated with its antioxidant properties and mainly by its ability to block the elevation of the profibrogenic cytokine TGF-β and its downstream effector CTGF. Various components of coffee that have been related to such a favorable effect include caffeine, coffee oils kahweol, cafestol and antioxidant substances; however, no definite evidence for the role of these components has been established. These results support earlier findings suggesting a beneficial effect of coffee on the liver. However, more basic clinical studies must be performed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Arauz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Cinvestav-IPN, Apdo Postal 14-740, México, 07000, D. F., México
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Madro A, Czechowska G, Slomka M, Celinski K, Szymonik-Lesiuk S, Kurzepa J. The decrease of serum MMP-2 activity corresponds to alcoholic cirrhosis stage. Alcohol 2012; 46:155-7. [PMID: 21908153 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Because of numerous limitations for liver biopsy, a noninvasive marker of liver cirrhosis is sought. Promising indicators seem to be matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that are responsible for degradation of extracellular matrix. The aim of the study was to evaluate the gelatinase activities (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in patients with different stages of alcoholic cirrhosis. Sixty-seven outpatients who presented various stages of alcoholic cirrhosis according to Child-Turcotte-Pugh criteria and 26 healthy control subjects were enrolled. Blood samples were collected for MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities. A significant decrease of serum MMP-2 activity was noted in stages B and C of cirrhosis in comparison with control. Serum MMP-9 activity did not depend on the stage of cirrhosis. The MMP-2 levels, but not those of MMP-9, may be of value in understanding the pathogenesis and progression of alcoholic cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Madro
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopic Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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Laskin DL, Sunil VR, Gardner CR, Laskin JD. Macrophages and tissue injury: agents of defense or destruction? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 51:267-88. [PMID: 20887196 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The past several years have seen the accumulation of evidence demonstrating that tissue injury induced by diverse toxicants is due not only to their direct effects on target tissues but also indirectly to the actions of resident and infiltrating macrophages. These cells release an array of mediators with cytotoxic, pro- and anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, fibrogenic, and mitogenic activity, which function to fight infections, limit tissue injury, and promote wound healing. However, following exposure to toxicants, macrophages can become hyperresponsive, resulting in uncontrolled or dysregulated release of mediators that exacerbate acute tissue injury and/or promote the development of chronic diseases such as fibrosis and cancer. Evidence suggests that the diverse activity of macrophages is mediated by distinct subpopulations that develop in response to signals within their microenvironment. Understanding the precise roles of these different macrophage populations in the pathogenic response to toxicants is key to designing effective treatments for minimizing tissue damage and chronic disease and for facilitating wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Woon Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Myongji Choonhey Rehabilitation Hospital, Korea
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