Rebamipide may be comparable to H2 receptor antagonist in healing iatrogenic gastric ulcers created by endoscopic mucosal resection: a prospective randomized pilot study

Comparative efficacy of various anti-ulcer medications after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

The comparative efficacy of various anti-ulcer medications after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has not been fully evaluated. Recently, vonoprazan, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, has also been used in ulcer treatment after ESD.

METHODS

We searched for all relevant randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of anti-ulcer medications after gastric ESD, published through October 2017. Healing of iatrogenic ulcers was investigated at 4-8 weeks after ESD. A network meta-analysis was performed to calculate the network estimates.

RESULTS

Twenty-one studies with 2005 patients were included. Concerning the comparative efficacy for ulcer healing at 4 weeks after ESD, no network inconsistency was identified (Cochran's Q-test, df = 10, P = 0.13; I² = 34%). A combination therapy of proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) and muco-protective agent was superior to PPI alone [risk ratio (RR) (95% confidence interval, CI) 1.69 (1.20-2.39)]. The combination therapy of PPI and muco-protective agents tended to be superior to vonoprazan [RR (95% CI) 1.98 (0.99-3.94)]. There was no difference of ulcer healing effect between PPI and vonoprazan [RR (95% CI) PPI vs. vonoprazan, 1.17 (0.64-2.12)]. Concerning the ulcer healing rate at 8 weeks after ESD, however, vonoprazan was superior to PPI [RR (95% CI) 1.27 (1.03-1.56)]. Additionally, vonoprazan tended to be superior to the combination therapy of PPI and muco-protective agent [RR (95% CI) 1.20 (0.96-1.51)].

CONCLUSIONS

A combination therapy of PPI and muco-protective agent was superior to PPI alone for ulcer healing at 4 weeks after ESD. In the ulcer healing effect at 8 weeks after ESD, vonoprazan was superior to PPI.

PPI versus Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists for Prevention of Upper Gastrointestinal Injury Associated with Low-Dose Aspirin: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

This study compared proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H₂RAs) for prevention of low-dose aspirin (LDA)-related gastrointestinal (GI) erosion, ulcer and bleeding. Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and WanFang Data were searched from the date of their establishment to December 31, 2013. Randomized controlled trials comparing PPIs and H₂RAs for prevention of GI injury associated with low-dose aspirin (LDA) were collected. Two reviewers independently abstracted studies and patient characteristics and appraised study quality using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 software. We included nine RCTs involving 1047 patients. The meta-analysis showed that PPIs were superior to H₂RAs for prevention of LDA-associated GI erosion/ulcer [odds ratio (OR=0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.16–0.50] and bleeding (OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.14–0.59). In conclusion, PPIs were superior to H₂RAs for prevention of LDA-related GI erosion/ulcer and bleeding. Higher quality, large, multicenter RCTs are needed to demonstrate the preventive effect of the two acid-suppressive drugs.

Rebamipide: A Novel Agent in the Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer and Behcet's Syndrome

Rebamipide is an amino acid analog of 2 (1H)-quinolinone. It is being introduced and used since 1980 for the treatment of peptic ulcer. Its therapeutic use in recurrent aphthous ulcer was not known. It acts by the decrease in oxygen radicals, increase in blood flow and production of protective prostaglandins in ulcer mucosa, which accelerates the process of healing. In this article, we focus on the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, side-effects and other therapeutic uses of Rebamipide. It will be a new and effective drug in the dermatologists’ drug armamentarium for the treatment of aphthous ulcers and related diseases.

Injectable drug-eluting elastomeric polymer: a novel submucosal injection material

BACKGROUND

Biodegradable hydrogels can deliver therapeutic payloads with great potentials in EMR and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to yield improvements in efficacy and foster mucosal regeneration.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the efficacy of an injectable drug-eluting elastomeric polymer (iDEEP) as a submucosal injection material.

DESIGN

Comparative study of 3 different solutions by using material characterization tests and ex vivo and in vivo porcine models.

SETTING

Academic hospital.

INTERVENTIONS

Thirty gastric submucosal cushions were achieved with saline solution (0.9%), sodium hyaluronate (0.4%), and iDEEP (n = 10) in ex vivo porcine stomachs. Four porcine gastric submucosal cushions were then created in vivo by using iDEEP.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS

Maximum injection pressure, rebamipide release rate, submucosal elevation duration, and assessment of in vivo efficacy by en bloc resection.

RESULTS

No significant difference in injection pressures between iDEEP (28.9 ± 0.3 psi) and sodium hyaluronate (29.5 ± 0.4 psi, P > .05) was observed. iDEEP gels displayed a controlled release of rebamipide up to 2 weeks in vitro. The elevation height of iDEEP (5.7 ± 0.5 mm) was higher than that of saline solution (2.8 ± 0.2 mm, P < .01) and sodium hyaluronate (4.2 ± 0.2 mm, P < .05). All EMR procedures were successfully performed after injection of iDEEP, and a large gel cushion was noted after the resection procedure.

LIMITATIONS

Benchtop, ex vivo, and nonsurvival pig study.

CONCLUSIONS

A novel injection solution was evaluated for endoscopic resection. These results suggest that iDEEP may provide a significant step toward the realization of an ideal EMR and endoscopic submucosal dissection injection material.