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Lineage tracking to reveal the fate of hematopoietic stem cells influenced by Flk2 - multipotent progenitors after transplantation. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:205-214. [PMID: 36639717 PMCID: PMC9898540 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00922-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
After transplantation, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain blood cell regeneration throughout the patient's life. Recent studies suggest that several types of mature blood cells provide feedback signals to regulate HSC fate. However, the potential feedback effect of hematopoietic progenitor cells has not been characterized to date. The present investigation demonstrated that multipotent progenitors (MPPs) promoted T cell production of HSCs when both cell types were cotransplanted in mice. Using genetic barcodes to track individual HSCs in mice, we found that the increased T cell production by HSCs was associated with the combined effects of altered lineage bias and clonal expansion during HSC differentiation. We showed that MPP and HSC co-transplantation promoted the multilineage differentiation of HSCs in the short term while preserving lymphoid-specialized HSC differentiation in the long term. Our findings indicate that MPPs derived from HSCs regulate the fate of HSCs after bone marrow transplantation.
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2
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FLT3 receptor/CD135 expression by flow cytometry in acute myeloid leukemia: Relation to FLT3 gene mutations and mRNA transcripts. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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3
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Pozzo AR, Faria FCCD, Carvalho LOD, Pinho MBD, Maia RC. DNA microarray expression profiling of a new t(8;13) AML case allows identification of possible leukemogenic transformation markers. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2017; 39:368-371. [PMID: 29150113 PMCID: PMC5693272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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4
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Tarlock K, Alonzo TA, Loken MR, Gerbing RB, Ries RE, Aplenc R, Sung L, Raimondi SC, Hirsch BA, Kahwash SB, McKenney A, Kolb EA, Gamis AS, Meshinchi S. Disease Characteristics and Prognostic Implications of Cell-Surface FLT3 Receptor (CD135) Expression in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3649-3656. [PMID: 28108543 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The FLT3 cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinase (CD135) is expressed in a majority of both acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the prognostic significance of CD135 expression in AML remains unclear. We therefore evaluated the association between FLT3 surface expression and disease characteristics and outcomes in pediatric patients with AML.Experimental Design: We analyzed FLT3 receptor expression on AML blasts by multi-dimensional flow cytometry and its association with disease characteristics, clinical outcomes, and FLT3 transcript level in 367 children with AML treated on the Children's Oncology Group trial AAML0531.Results: There was high variability in blast CD135 cell-surface expression across specimens. CD135 expression measured by flow cytometry was not correlated with FLT3 transcript expression determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Overall, CD135 expression was not significantly different for patients with FLT3/WT, FLT3/ITD, or FLT3/ALM (P = 0.25). High cell-surface CD135 expression was associated with FAB M5 subtype (P < 0.001), KMT2A rearrangements (P = 0.009), and inversely associated with inv(16)/t(16;16) (P < 0.001). Complete remission rate, overall survival, disease-free survival, and relapse rates were not significantly different between patients with low and high CD135 expression.Conclusions: FLT3 cell-surface expression did not vary by FLT3 mutational status, but high FLT3 expression was strongly associated with KMT2A rearrangements. Our study found that there was no prognostic significance of FLT3 cell surface expression in pediatric AML. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3649-56. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Tarlock
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. .,Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Todd A Alonzo
- Children's Oncology Group, Monrovia, California.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Rhonda E Ries
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard Aplenc
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | - Betsy A Hirsch
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | - E Anders Kolb
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Alan S Gamis
- Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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5
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Chi HT, Ly BTK, Vu HA, Sato Y, Dung PC, Xinh PT. Synergistic effect of all‑trans retinoic acid in combination with protein kinase C 412 in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3969-75. [PMID: 25592076 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease. Numerous molecular abnormalities have been identified in AML and, amongst these, FMS‑like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations are one of the most common somatic alterations detected. In the present study, an in vitro investigation was performed to evaluate the effects of all‑trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and PKC412, alone and in combination, in FLT3‑mutated AML cell lines. Trypan blue exclusion test, as well as morphological, western blot and isobologram analyses were conducted. The results indicated that the combined ATRA and PKC412 treatment exhibited additive or synergistic effects in FLT3‑mutated AML cell lines. These results provided in vitro evidence for the future clinical trials evaluating the effects of a combination treatment using PKC412 and ATRA on AML patients with FLT3‑mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Thanh Chi
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Blood Transfusion and Hematology Hospital Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 711512, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi Kim Ly
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108‑8639, Japan
| | - Hoang Anh Vu
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, The University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 748908, Vietnam
| | - Yuko Sato
- Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, Tokyo 150‑0012, Japan
| | - Phu Chi Dung
- Department of First Pediatric Hematology, Blood Transfusion and Hematology Hospital Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 711512, Vietnam
| | - Phan Thi Xinh
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Blood Transfusion and Hematology Hospital Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 711512, Vietnam
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6
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Kato T, Sakata-Yanagimoto M, Nishikii H, Ueno M, Miyake Y, Yokoyama Y, Asabe Y, Kamada Y, Muto H, Obara N, Suzukawa K, Hasegawa Y, Kitabayashi I, Uchida K, Hirao A, Yagita H, Kageyama R, Chiba S. Hes1 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia development through FLT3 repression. Leukemia 2014; 29:576-85. [PMID: 25234168 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In leukemogenesis, Notch signaling can be up and downregulated in a context-dependent manner. The transcription factor hairy and enhancer of split-1 (Hes1) is well-characterized as a downstream target of Notch signaling. Hes1 encodes a basic helix-loop-helix-type protein, and represses target gene expression. Here, we report that deletion of the Hes1 gene in mice promotes acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development induced by the MLL-AF9 fusion protein. We then found that Hes1 directly bound to the promoter region of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene and downregulated the promoter activity. FLT3 was consequently upregulated in MLL-AF9-expressing immortalized and leukemia cells with a Hes1- or RBPJ-null background. MLL-AF9-expressing Hes1-null AML cells showed enhanced proliferation and ERK phosphorylation following FLT3 ligand stimulation. FLT3 inhibition efficiently abrogated proliferation of MLL-AF9-induced Hes1-null AML cells. Furthermore, an agonistic anti-Notch2 antibody induced apoptosis of MLL-AF9-induced AML cells in a Hes1-wild type but not a Hes1-null background. We also accessed two independent databases containing messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles and found that the expression level of FLT3 mRNA was negatively correlated with those of HES1 in patient AML samples. These observations demonstrate that Hes1 mediates tumor suppressive roles of Notch signaling in AML development, probably by downregulating FLT3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kato
- 1] Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan [2] Life Science center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan [3] Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M Sakata-Yanagimoto
- 1] Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan [2] Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - H Nishikii
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M Ueno
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Y Miyake
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Y Yokoyama
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Y Asabe
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Y Kamada
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - H Muto
- 1] Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan [2] Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - N Obara
- 1] Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan [2] Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - K Suzukawa
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Y Hasegawa
- 1] Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan [2] Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - I Kitabayashi
- Molecular Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Uchida
- Department of Molecular Biological Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - A Hirao
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Kageyama
- 1] Institute of Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan [2] World Premier International Research Initiative-Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Chiba
- 1] Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan [2] Life Science center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan [3] Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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7
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Koh KN, Lee JO, Seo EJ, Lee SW, Suh JK, Im HJ, Seo JJ. Clinical significance of previously cryptic copy number alterations and loss of heterozygosity in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome determined using combined array comparative genomic hybridization plus single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray analyses. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:926-33. [PMID: 25045224 PMCID: PMC4101780 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.7.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined array comparative genomic hybridization plus single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray (CGH+SNP microarray) platform can simultaneously detect copy number alterations (CNA) and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Eighteen children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n=15) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (n=3) were studied using CGH+SNP microarray to evaluate the clinical significance of submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations. CGH+SNP microarray revealed CNAs at 14 regions in 9 patients, while metaphase cytogenetic (MC) analysis detected CNAs in 11 regions in 8 patients. Using CGH+SNP microarray, LOHs>10 Mb involving terminal regions or the whole chromosome were detected in 3 of 18 patients (17%). CGH+SNP microarray revealed cryptic LOHs with or without CNAs in 3 of 5 patients with normal karyotypes. CGH+SNP microarray detected additional cryptic CNAs (n=2) and LOHs (n=5) in 6 of 13 patients with abnormal MC. In total, 9 patients demonstrated additional aberrations, including CNAs (n=3) and/or LOHs (n=8). Three of 15 patients with AML and terminal LOH>10 Mb demonstrated a significantly inferior relapse-free survival rate (P=0.041). This study demonstrates that CGH+SNP microarray can simultaneously detect previously cryptic CNAs and LOH, which may demonstrate prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Nam Koh
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Ok Lee
- Genome Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eul Ju Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Wook Lee
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Suh
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Joon Im
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Jin Seo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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8
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Huan J, Hornick NI, Shurtleff MJ, Skinner AM, Goloviznina NA, Roberts CT, Kurre P. RNA trafficking by acute myelogenous leukemia exosomes. Cancer Res 2012; 73:918-29. [PMID: 23149911 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extrinsic signaling cues in the microenvironment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) contribute to disease progression and therapy resistance. Yet, it remains unknown how the bone marrow niche in which AML arises is subverted to support leukemic persistence at the expense of homeostatic function. Exosomes are cell membrane-derived vesicles carrying protein and RNA cargoes that have emerged as mediators of cell-cell communication. In this study, we examined the role of exosomes in developing the AML niche of the bone marrow microenvironment, investigating their biogenesis with a focus on RNA trafficking. We found that both primary AML and AML cell lines released exosome-sized vesicles that entered bystander cells. These exosomes were enriched for several coding and noncoding RNAs relevant to AML pathogenesis. Furthermore, their uptake by bone marrow stromal cells altered their secretion of growth factors. Proof-of-concept studies provided additional evidence for the canonical functions of the transferred RNA. Taken together, our findings revealed that AML exosome trafficking alters the proliferative, angiogenic, and migratory responses of cocultured stromal and hematopoietic progenitor cell lines, helping explain how the microenvironmental niche becomes reprogrammed during invasion of the bone marrow by AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Huan
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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Bai J, Guo A, Hong Z, Kuai W. Upregulation of microRNA-100 predicts poor prognosis in patients with pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2012; 5:213-9. [PMID: 23055746 PMCID: PMC3457676 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s36017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: MicroRNA-100 (miR-100), a small noncoding RNA molecule, acts as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in different cancers. The aberrant expression of this microRNA has been demonstrated as a frequent event in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but little is known for pediatric AML. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical significance of miR-100 in pediatric AML. Methods: The expression levels of miR-100 in bone marrow mononuclear cells were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in a cohort of 106 patients with de novo pediatric AML. The prognostic values of miR-100 in pediatric AML were also analyzed. Results: Compared with normal controls, upregulation of miR-100 in the bone marrow of pediatric AML patients with statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) was found. The expression levels of miR-100 were found to be significantly higher in pediatric AML patients with extramedullary disease, with the French–American–British classification subtype M7, and with unfavorable day 7 response to induction chemotherapy (P = 0.008, 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). Moreover, both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that miR-100 upregulation was associated with poorer relapse-free and overall survival in pediatric AML patients. Conclusion: This is the first report demonstrating the upregulation of miR-100 in pediatric AML, and its association with poor relapse-free and overall survival. These results suggest that miR-100 upregulation may be used as an unfavorable prognostic marker in pediatric AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai'an Hospital to Xuzhou Medical College and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
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10
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Presence of FLT3-ITD and high BAALC expression are independent prognostic markers in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2011; 118:5905-13. [PMID: 21967978 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-05-353185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation status of FLT3, NPM1, CEBPA, and WT1 genes and gene expression levels of ERG, MN1, BAALC, FLT3, and WT1 have been identified as possible prognostic markers in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We have performed a thorough prognostic evaluation of these genetic markers in patients with pediatric AML enrolled in the Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (NOPHO) 1993 or NOPHO 2004 protocols. Mutation status and expression levels were analyzed in 185 and 149 patients, respectively. Presence of FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) was associated with significantly inferior event-free survival (EFS), whereas presence of an NPM1 mutation in the absence of FLT3-ITD correlated with significantly improved EFS. Furthermore, high levels of ERG and BAALC transcripts were associated with inferior EFS. No significant correlation with survival was seen for mutations in CEBPA and WT1 or with gene expression levels of MN1, FLT3, and WT1. In multivariate analysis, the presence of FLT3-ITD and high BAALC expression were identified as independent prognostic markers of inferior EFS. We conclude that analysis of the mutational status of FLT3 and NPM1 at diagnosis is important for prognostic stratification of patients with pediatric AML and that determination of the BAALC gene expression level can add valuable information.
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11
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Weisberg E, Ray A, Nelson E, Adamia S, Barrett R, Sattler M, Zhang C, Daley JF, Frank D, Fox E, Griffin JD. Reversible resistance induced by FLT3 inhibition: a novel resistance mechanism in mutant FLT3-expressing cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25351. [PMID: 21980431 PMCID: PMC3182213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Clinical responses achieved with FLT3 kinase inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are typically transient and partial. Thus, there is a need for identification of molecular mechanisms of clinical resistance to these drugs. In response, we characterized MOLM13 AML cell lines made resistant to two structurally-independent FLT3 inhibitors. Methods MOLM13 cells were made drug resistant via prolonged exposure to midostaurin and HG-7-85-01, respectively. Cell proliferation was determined by Trypan blue exclusion. Protein expression was assessed by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and flow cytometry. Cycloheximide was used to determine protein half-life. RT-PCR was performed to determine FLT3 mRNA levels, and FISH analysis was performed to determine FLT3 gene expression. Results and Conclusions We found that MOLM13 cells readily developed cross-resistance when exposed to either midostaurin or HG-7-85-01. Resistance in both lines was associated with dramatically elevated levels of cell surface FLT3 and elevated levels of phosphor-MAPK, but not phospho-STAT5. The increase in FLT3-ITD expression was at least in part due to reduced turnover of the receptor, with prolonged half-life. Importantly, the drug-resistant phenotype could be rapidly reversed upon withdrawal of either inhibitor. Consistent with this phenotype, no significant evidence of FLT3 gene amplification, kinase domain mutations, or elevated levels of mRNA was observed, suggesting that protein turnover may be part of an auto-regulatory pathway initiated by FLT3 kinase activity. Interestingly, FLT3 inhibitor resistance also correlated with resistance to cytosine arabinoside. Over-expression of FLT3 protein in response to kinase inhibitors may be part of a novel mechanism that could contribute to clinical resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enzyme Stability/drug effects
- Enzyme Stability/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Half-Life
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mutation
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Phosphorylation/genetics
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Staurosporine/analogs & derivatives
- Staurosporine/pharmacology
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/chemistry
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematologic Neoplasia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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12
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Wang C, Lu J, Wang Y, Bai S, Wang Y, Wang L, Sheng G. Combined effects of FLT3 and NF-κB selective inhibitors on acute myeloid leukemia in vivo. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2011; 26:35-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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13
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Hong SD, Kim YK, Kim HN, Lee SR, Ahn JS, Yang DH, Lee JJ, Lee IK, Shin MG, Kim HJ. Treatment outcome of all-trans retinoic acid/anthracycline combination chemotherapy and the prognostic impact of FLT3/ITD mutation in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2011; 46:24-30. [PMID: 21461300 PMCID: PMC3065622 DOI: 10.5045/kjh.2011.46.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)/anthracycline chemotherapy is beneficial in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL); however, it is important to identify patients with high-risk disease to increase the cure rate. We investigated the outcome of ATRA/anthracycline chemotherapy and clinicobiological correlations of FLT3/ITD and NPM1 mutations in APL patients. Methods Induction therapy included oral ATRA (45 mg/m2/day) and idarubicin (12 mg/m2/day, intravenous, on days 2, 4, and 6). Patients achieving complete remission (CR) received 3 courses of ATRA combined with reinforced consolidation therapy. Mutations were analyzed using GeneScan and polymerasae chain reaction assays of bone marrow samples obtained from patients at diagnosis. Results Forty-five (84.9%) of 53 eligible patients achieved CR. The overall relapse rate was 8.9%, and the 3-year overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) were 84.9±4.9% and 77.5±6.0%, respectively. The NPM1 mutation was not found in any patient, while the FLT3/ITD mutation was found in 10 (20.0%) patients. Of the FLT3/ITD+ patients, 80% belonged to the high-risk group, defined according to the presenting WBC and platelet counts. Among the patients who achieved CR, those who were FLT3/ITD+ had a higher relapse rate than those FLT3/ITD-. FLT3/ITD+ patients also had a significantly lower 3-year LFS than FLT3/ITD- patients. Multivariate analysis of the LFS showed that the FLT3/ITD mutation was independently associated with a shorter overall LFS, after adjusting for pretreatment risk stratification. Conclusion This study investigated the clinical outcome of newly diagnosed APL patients treated with ATRA/anthracycline chemotherapy. Patients carrying the FLT3/ITD mutation had more aggressive clinical features and a poorer clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Dok Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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14
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Riccioni R, Pelosi E, Riti V, Castelli G, Lo-Coco F, Testa U. Immunophenotypic features of acute myeloid leukaemia patients exhibiting high FLT3 expression not associated with mutations. Br J Haematol 2011; 153:33-42. [PMID: 21332708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations are found in 30% of cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). In addition, recent studies have lead to the identification of about 10-15% of AML patients displaying high expression of FLT3, not associated with mutations of the receptor (FLT3 Wild-type High, FLT3WTH). These AMLs, as well as those displaying internal tandem duplication (ITD) are associated with an unfavourable prognosis. However, the biological features of these AMLs are poorly characterized. The present study explored the immunophenotypic features of FLT3WTH AMLs in 94 de novo cases of AML. The levels of FLT3 expression, as assessed by flow cytometry and FLT3 mutational status, was used to identify four AML subgroups: FLT3WTH (14/94); FLT3 Wild-type low (FLT3WTL, 48/94); FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3ITD 26/94); FLT3 aspartic acid 835 (FLT3D835, 6/94). FLT3WTH and FLT3ITD were characterized by: high white blast cell counts; predominance of M4 and M5 French-American-British classification subtypes and associated expression of myelo-monocytic markers; high expression of CD123 and TRAIL-Rs; high expression of receptors for angiogenic growth factors. Addition of FLT3 Ligand to human CD34(+) or monocytic cells stimulated CD123 and TRAIL-R expression. These findings are of potential value for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Riccioni
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Pemmaraju N, Kantarjian H, Ravandi F, Cortes J. FLT3 inhibitors in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: the start of an era? Cancer 2011; 117:3293-304. [PMID: 21319142 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent modest improvements in the chemotherapy regimens used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), many patients diagnosed with AML ultimately die of the disease. Commonly occurring genetic alterations have been identified that strongly affect the prognosis for patients with AML. These alterations represent possible targets for investigational therapies that could act to specifically halt the aberrant growth of AML cells while limiting damage to normal cells. One such gene is the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene, which is mutated in approximately 30% of adult patients with AML and has a significant impact on prognosis. In particular, internal tandem duplications in FLT3 confer a poor prognosis to this large subgroup of patients with AML. Agents that target FLT3 are in development for the treatment of patients who have AML and offer a potential paradigm change in the current standard treatment of AML. For this report, the authors reviewed the prognostic significance of genetic alterations observed in AML with a focus on the therapeutic implications of targeting FLT3. The introduction of such agents may be the next major step toward the era of personalized therapy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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