Congenital acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;16) and t(17;19) double translocation: case presentation and literature review

[A case of spontaneous remission of acute myeloid leukemia with MLL-AF9 rearrangement and abnormal liver function]

Objective: To explore the clinical features and possible pathogenesis of spontaneous remission of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) . Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of a patient with spontaneous remission of AML, MLL-AF9 rearrangement, and abnormal liver function in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and the relevant pieces of literature were summarized. Results: The patient experienced lung infection, fever, and liver dysfunction and was treated with anti-infection and blood transfusion. After complete response (CR) , the patient remained in CR with mild, indirect bilirubin elevation at 35 months of follow-up. Additionally, 56 cases of adult AML (non-acute promyelocytic leukemia) were reported in the literature from 1990 to June 2021. The cases were checked by bone marrow aspiration, and our patients were summarized and analyzed. Furthermore, 57 patients, including 37 males and 20 females, with a median age of 51 (20-83) years and a median remission time of five months; 52 patients achieved complete remission. In addition, there were five cases with long-term remission and a chromosomal record, with no recurrence so far, three with normal karyotype and two with t (9;11) (q21;q23) . Conclusion: The spontaneous remission of leukemia is rare and may be related to immunosuppression and genes.

Analysis of 59 cases of congenital leukemia reported between 2001 and 2016

Congenital leukemia (CL), defined as manifestations of leukemia within the first 4 weeks of life, is a rare condition with an estimated incidence of only 1 to 5 per million live births. Despite extensive research and the clinical application of new therapies, the prognosis of CL remains poor. Few large-scale studies have investigated the factors affecting the outcomes of infants with CL. Here, we conducted a retrospective study and analysis of CL cases published in the English language from 1 January 2001 to 1 May 2016. Our goal was to provide updated information about this rare disease and to investigate factors that may affect the outcomes of patients with CL.

Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;16)(p11;p13), a distinct clinical and biological entity: a collaborative study by the International-Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster AML-study group

In pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), cytogenetic abnormalities are strong indicators of prognosis. Some recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities, such as t(8;16)(p11;p13), are so rare that collaborative studies are required to define their prognostic impact. We collected the clinical characteristics, morphology, and immunophenotypes of 62 pediatric AML patients with t(8;16)(p11;p13) from 18 countries participating in the International Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (I-BFM) AML study group. We used the AML-BFM cohort diagnosed from 1995-2005 (n = 543) as a reference cohort. Median age of the pediatric t(8;16)(p11;p13) AML patients was significantly lower (1.2 years). The majority (97%) had M4-M5 French-American-British type, significantly different from the reference cohort. Erythrophagocytosis (70%), leukemia cutis (58%), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (39%) occurred frequently. Strikingly, spontaneous remissions occurred in 7 neonates with t(8;16)(p11;p13), of whom 3 remain in continuous remission. The 5-year overall survival of patients diagnosed after 1993 was 59%, similar to the reference cohort (P = .14). Gene expression profiles of t(8;16)(p11;p13) pediatric AML cases clustered close to, but distinct from, MLL-rearranged AML. Highly expressed genes included HOXA11, HOXA10, RET, PERP, and GGA2. In conclusion, pediatric t(8;16)(p11;p13) AML is a rare entity defined by a unique gene expression signature and distinct clinical features in whom spontaneous remissions occur in a subset of neonatal cases.

Cutaneous manifestations of malignancy

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Many types of cancer can cause lesions to appear on the skin. Cutaneous manifestations may be primary or secondary to an underlying malignancy. Skin lesions may appear prior to the onset of systemic malignancy or they may occur concurrently or following an established diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to educate medical providers about several types of pediatric malignancies that can present with cutaneous findings. The primary focus of this review will be cutaneous features of leukemias, lymphomas, neuroblastoma, some sarcomas, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

RECENT FINDINGS

A wide range of cutaneous manifestations have been reported in systemic malignancies of children. In addition to providing a description of more typical features of skin lesions associated with these conditions, this review will summarize a few recent case reports of pediatric malignancies with unusual cutaneous presentations.

SUMMARY

Systemic malignancy can present with a variety of cutaneous manifestations. Given that accurate, prompt diagnosis of malignancy can have tremendous prognostic significance, it is imperative that clinicians are familiar with features of skin lesions that may be seen in this setting.