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Bae JA, Bae WK, Kim SJ, Ko YS, Kim KY, Park SY, Yu YH, Kim EA, Chung IJ, Kim H, Ha HH, Kim KK. A new KSRP-binding compound suppresses distant metastasis of colorectal cancer by targeting the oncogenic KITENIN complex. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:78. [PMID: 34039363 PMCID: PMC8152081 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Distant metastasis is the major cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, we identified KITENIN as a metastasis-enhancing gene and suggested that the oncogenic KITENIN complex is involved in metastatic dissemination of KITENIN-overexpressing CRC cells. Here, we attempted to find substances targeting the KITENIN complex and test their ability to suppress distant metastasis of CRC. Methods We screened a small-molecule compound library to find candidate substances suppressing the KITENIN complex in CRC cells. We selected a candidate compound and examined its effects on the KITENIN complex and distant metastasis through in vitro assays, a molecular docking model, and in vivo tumor models. Results Among several compounds, we identified DKC1125 (Disintegrator of KITENIN Complex #1125) as the best candidate. DKC1125 specifically suppressed KITENIN gain of function. After binding KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP), DKC1125 degraded KITENIN and Dvl2 by recruiting RACK1 and miRNA-124, leading to the disintegration of the functional KITENIN–KSRP–RACK1–Dvl2 complex. A computer docking model suggested that DKC1125 specifically interacted with the binding pocket of the fourth KH-domain of KSRP. KITENIN-overexpressing CRC cells deregulated certain microRNAs and were resistant to 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and cetuximab. DKC1125 restored sensitivity to these drugs by normalizing expression of the deregulated microRNAs, including miRNA-124. DKC1125 effectively suppressed colorectal liver metastasis in a mouse model. Interestingly, the combination of DKC1125 with 5-fluorouracil suppressed metastasis more effectively than either drug alone. Conclusion DKC1125 targets the KITENIN complex and could therefore be used as a novel therapeutic to suppress liver metastasis in CRC expressing high levels of KITENIN. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01368-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong A Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Baekseoro 160, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Woo Kyun Bae
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Baekseoro 160, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.,Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Sung Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Baekseoro 160, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Seung Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Baekseoro 160, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Keon Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Baekseoro 160, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungangro 225, Sunchon, 57922, South Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungangro 225, Sunchon, 57922, South Korea
| | - Eun Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ik Joo Chung
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Baekseoro 160, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.,Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungangro 225, Sunchon, 57922, South Korea.
| | - Hyung-Ho Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungangro 225, Sunchon, 57922, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Baekseoro 160, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
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Therapeutic Approaches for Metastases from Colorectal Cancer and Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010103. [PMID: 33466892 PMCID: PMC7830403 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the process of dissemination of a tumor, whereby cells from the primary site dislodge and find their way to other tissues where secondary tumors establish. Metastasis is the primary cause of death related to cancer. This process warrants changes in original tumoral cells and their microenvironment to establish a metastatic niche. Traditionally, cancer therapy has focused on metastasis prevention by systematic treatments or direct surgical re-sectioning. However, metastasis can still occur. More recently, new therapies direct their attention to targeting cancer stem cells. As they propose, these cells could be the orchestrators of the metastatic niche. In this review, we describe conventional and novel developments in cancer therapeutics for liver and lung metastasis. We further discuss the resistance mechanisms of targeted therapy, the advantages, and disadvantages of diverse treatment approaches, and future novel strategies to enhance cancer prognosis.
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An In Vivo Mouse Model of Pelvic Recurrence of Human Colorectal Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19630. [PMID: 31873140 PMCID: PMC6928073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic recurrence of colorectal cancer is a crucial problem because radical surgery can lead to excessive invasion. Novel therapeutic strategies are required instead of surgery. However, there are few suitable models because of the difficulty in transplanting and observing tumors in the pelvis. We have established an appropriate injection site suitable for the establishment of colorectal cancer pelvic recurrence that allows for the observation of tumor growth. DLD-1 cells stably expressing luciferase (DLD-1 clone#1-Luc) were inoculated into various points of female BALB/c nude mice and the engrafted cells were analyzed with an imaging system employing bioluminescent signals and computed tomography. Weekly analysis with the imaging system showed that a triangular area defined by the vagina, the anus, and the ischial spine was suitable for the engraftment of pelvic tumors. The imaging system was able to detect the engrafted tumor 7 days after the inoculation of cells. Weight loss was observed in our model, and overall survival was 21–42 days. Tumor involvement of adjacent organs was detected histopathologically, as is the case in the clinical situation. These findings suggest that this model is valid for evaluations of the therapeutic effects of novel treatments under development. It is hoped that this model will be used in preclinical research.
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Terracina KP, Aoyagi T, Huang WC, Nagahashi M, Yamada A, Aoki K, Takabe K. Development of a metastatic murine colon cancer model. J Surg Res 2015; 199:106-14. [PMID: 26009494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has now become clear that the complex interplay of cancer and the immune responses against it plays a critical role in the tumor microenvironment during cancer progression. As new targets for cancer treatment are being discovered and investigated, murine models used for preclinical studies need to include intact immune responses to provide a closer correlation with human cancer. We have recently developed a modified syngeneic orthotopic murine colon cancer model that mimics human colon cancer progression with consistent results. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumors were created using the murine colon adenocarcinoma cell line, CT26, modified to overexpress the firefly luciferase gene (CT26-luc1), which allowed real-time in vivo monitoring of tumor burden when the substrate, D-luciferin, was injected intraperitoneally using the In Vivo Imaging System. Mice are Balb/c (Harlan), syngeneic with the CT26-luc1 cells. Cells are injected submucosally, suspended in Matrigel, into the cecum wall under direct visualization. RESULTS The model has demonstrated consistent implantation in the cecum. In vivo bioluminescence allowed real-time monitoring of total tumor burden. Perioperative preparation had a significant impact on reproducibility of the model. Finally, total tumor burden quantified with bioluminescence enabled estimation of lymph node metastasis ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS This method maintains an intact immune response and closely approximates the clinical tumor microenvironment. It is expected to provide an invaluable murine metastatic colon cancer model particularly in preclinical studies for drug development targeting those mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista P Terracina
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Tomoyoshi Aoyagi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Wei-Ching Huang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Akimitsu Yamada
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kazunori Aoki
- Division of Gene and Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.
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Podetz-Pedersen KM, Vezys V, Somia NV, Russell SJ, McIvor RS. Cellular immune response against firefly luciferase after sleeping beauty-mediated gene transfer in vivo. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:955-65. [PMID: 25093708 PMCID: PMC4251089 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2014.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system has been shown to mediate new gene sequence integration resulting in long-term expression. Here the effectiveness of hyperactive SB100X transposase was tested, and we found that hydrodynamic co-delivery of a firefly luciferase transposon (pT2/CaL) along with SB100X transposase (pCMV-SB100X) resulted in remarkably sustained, high levels of luciferase expression. However, after 4 weeks there was a rapid, animal-by-animal loss of luciferase expression that was not observed in immunodeficient mice. We hypothesized that this sustained, high-level luciferase expression achieved using the SB100X transposase elicits an immune response in pT2/CaL co-administered mice, which was supported by the rapid loss of luciferase expression upon challenge of previously treated animals and in naive animals adoptively transferred with splenocytes from previously treated animals. Specificity of the immune response to luciferase was demonstrated by increased cytokine expression in splenocytes after exposure to luciferase peptide in parallel with MHC I-luciferase peptide tetramer binding. This anti-luciferase immune response observed following continuous, high-level luciferase expression in vivo clearly impacts its use as an in vivo reporter. As both an immunogen and an extremely sensitive reporter, luciferase is also a useful model system for the study of immune responses following in vivo gene transfer and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Podetz-Pedersen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Vaiva Vezys
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Nikunj V. Somia
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | | | - R. Scott McIvor
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Hatakeyama J, Wald JH, Printsev I, Ho HYH, Carraway KL. Vangl1 and Vangl2: planar cell polarity components with a developing role in cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:R345-56. [PMID: 24981109 PMCID: PMC4332879 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancers commonly reactivate embryonic developmental pathways to promote the aggressive behavior of their cells, resulting in metastasis and poor patient outcome. While developmental pathways such as canonical Wnt signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition have received much attention, our understanding of the role of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway in tumor progression remains rudimentary. Protein components of PCP, including a subset that overlaps with the canonical Wnt pathway, partition in polarized epithelial cells along the planar axis and are required for the establishment and maintenance of lateral epithelial polarity. Significant insight into PCP regulation of developmental and cellular processes has come from analysis of the functions of the core PCP scaffolding proteins Vangl1 and Vangl2. In particular, studies on zebrafish and with Looptail (Lp) mice, which harbor point mutations in Vangl2 that alter its trafficking and localization, point to roles for the PCP pathway in maintaining cell polarization along both the apical-basal and planar axes as well as in collective cell motility and invasiveness. Recent findings have suggested that the Vangls can promote similar processes in tumor cells. Initial data-mining efforts suggest that VANGL1 and VANGL2 are dysregulated in human cancers, and estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients whose tumors exhibit elevated VANGL1 expression suffer from shortened overall survival. Overall, evidence is beginning to accumulate that the heightened cellular motility and invasiveness associated with PCP reactivation may contribute to the malignancy of some cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Research Building III, Room 1100B, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, California 95817, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jessica H Wald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Research Building III, Room 1100B, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, California 95817, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Ignat Printsev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Research Building III, Room 1100B, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, California 95817, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Research Building III, Room 1100B, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, California 95817, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Research Building III, Room 1100B, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, California 95817, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Priolli DG, Abrantes AM, Neves S, Batista JN, Cardinalli IA, Botelho MF. A novel model of distal colon cancer in athymic mice. Acta Cir Bras 2013; 27:355-60. [PMID: 22666751 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502012000600001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present a novel adenocarcinoma model in athymic mice. METHODS Seven athymic mice were used. Colon diversion and distal fistula were made. Adenocarcinoma cells were inoculated in the submucosa of fistula. Tumor growth was monitored daily. Scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI was performed to identify the tumor. RESULTS The model of distal colon cancer is feasible. Tumor detection was possible by both, macroscopically and molecular imaging. All resections demonstrated poorly differentiated tumors. Colon obstruction occurred in one case, similarly to evolution in human tumors of distal colon. CONCLUSION The proposed model of distal colon cancer is feasible, allows for easy monitoring of tumoral growth by both, macroscopically and molecular imaging, and is suitable for studying the evolution of tumor with implementation of cytotoxic therapy in vivo.
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