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Suh DI. Community-acquired pneumonia in Korean children: time to read between the lines. Clin Exp Pediatr 2023; 66:22-23. [PMID: 36397258 PMCID: PMC9815943 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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2
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Belser JA, Lash RR, Garg S, Tumpey TM, Maines TR. The eyes have it: influenza virus infection beyond the respiratory tract. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 18:e220-e227. [PMID: 29477464 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Avian and human influenza A viruses alike have shown a capacity to use the eye as a portal of entry and cause ocular disease in human beings. However, whereas influenza viruses generally represent a respiratory pathogen and only occasionally cause ocular complications, the H7 virus subtype stands alone in possessing an ocular tropism. Clarifying what confers such non-respiratory tropism to a respiratory virus will permit a greater ability to identify, treat, and prevent zoonotic human infection following ocular exposure to influenza viruses; especially those within the H7 subtype, which continue to cause avian epidemics on many continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Belser
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - R Ryan Lash
- Travelers' Health Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shikha Garg
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Terrence M Tumpey
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Taronna R Maines
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Lo C, Mertz D, Loeb M. Assessing the reporting quality of influenza outbreaks in the community. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2017; 11:556-563. [PMID: 29054122 PMCID: PMC5705690 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-quality reporting of outbreak characteristics is fundamental to understand the behaviour of various strains of influenza virus and the impact of outbreak management strategies. However, few studies have systematically evaluated the quality of outbreak reporting. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic analysis and assessment for reporting quality of influenza outbreaks based on a modified version of the STROBE statement, and to examine characteristics associated with reporting quality. METHODS A literature search was conducted across 3 online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE) for reports of influenza outbreaks (pandemic H1N1, avian, seasonal). The quality of reports meeting our eligibility criteria was assessed using the Modified STROBE criteria and assigned a score of 30. Mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported for comparisons of study characteristics. RESULTS Sixty-four outbreak reports were available for analyses. The average Modified STROBE score was 20/30. Peer-reviewed articles were associated with a better quality of reporting (MD 2.79, 95% CI 0.79-4.78). Likewise, reports from authors affiliated with public health agencies were associated with better quality than those from academic institutions (MD 1.65, 95% CI-0.27-3.56). CONCLUSIONS The development of explicit reporting guidelines specifically geared towards reporting of outbreak investigations proved to be useful. Providing information on patient characteristics, investigation details in introduction and results, as well as addressing limitations that could have biased the findings, were frequently missing in the published reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Lo
- Department of Pathology and Molecular MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Dominik Mertz
- Department of Pathology and Molecular MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
- Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Mark Loeb
- Department of Pathology and Molecular MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
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4
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Çiftçi E, Karbuz A, Kendirli T. Influenza and the use of oseltamivir in children. Turk Arch Pediatr 2016; 51:63-71. [PMID: 27489462 DOI: 10.5152/turkpediatriars.2016.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is an infectious disease which causes significant morbidity and mortality. In the USA, approximately 200 000 hospital admissions and 36 000 deaths occur annualy due to severe influenza infections. Although influenza often causes a simple respiratory infection, it sometimes causes disorders affecting several organs including the lung, heart, brain, liver and muscles or serious life-threatening primary viral or secondary bacterial pneumonia. Currently, oseltamivir is the most important and effective drug for severe influenza infections. Severe influenza infections can be controlled and related deaths may be prevented with initiation of this drug especially within first 2 days. Oseltamivir is usually well tolerated and its most commonly reported side effect is related with the gastrointestinal system. In conclusion, the course of influenza changes in a positive direction and the rates of complications and mortality significantly reduce in patients in whom oseltamivir treatment is initiated as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergin Çiftçi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adem Karbuz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tanıl Kendirli
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Song JY, Noh JY, Choi WS, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ. Antiviral therapy in seasonal influenza and 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza: Korean experiences and perspectives. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:1361-72. [PMID: 26256778 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1076334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is a major cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in humans every year. Vaccination is the main strategy to prevent influenza infection, but antiviral agents also play an important role in the control of both seasonal and pandemic influenza. During the influenza A/H1N1 pandemic in 2009, early prompt antiviral therapy may have reduced the severity of the influenza outcomes including pneumonia, hospitalization and mortality in the Republic of Korea. Since the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, there have been increasing usages of antiviral agents for the treatment of patients with seasonal influenza. Although currently rare, antiviral resistance among influenza viruses may emerge and increase with increased use of neuraminidase inhibitors. New agents with different modes of action are under investigation, including favipiravir, DAS181, nitazoxanide and broad-spectrum neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Data are limited with respect to high-dose and combination antiviral therapies. So, clinical trials are warranted to evaluate diverse antiviral combinations that may be synergistic and less likely to induce breakthrough resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Young Song
- a 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,b 2 Transgovernmental Enterprise for Pandemic Influenza in Korea (TEPIK), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- a 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,b 2 Transgovernmental Enterprise for Pandemic Influenza in Korea (TEPIK), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- a 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,b 2 Transgovernmental Enterprise for Pandemic Influenza in Korea (TEPIK), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- a 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,b 2 Transgovernmental Enterprise for Pandemic Influenza in Korea (TEPIK), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- a 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,b 2 Transgovernmental Enterprise for Pandemic Influenza in Korea (TEPIK), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Influenza in hospitalized children in Ireland in the pandemic period and the 2010/2011 season: risk factors for paediatric intensive-care-unit admission. Epidemiol Infect 2013; 142:1826-35. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268813002732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYInfluenza causes significant morbidity and mortality in children. This study's objectives were to describe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during the pandemic, to compare it with circulating influenza in 2010/2011, and to identify risk factors for severe influenza defined as requiring admission to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Children hospitalized with influenza during the pandemic were older, and more likely to have received antiviral therapy than children hospitalized during the 2010/2011 season. In 2010/2011, only one child admitted to a PICU with underlying medical conditions had been vaccinated. The risk of severe illness in the pandemic was higher in females and those with underlying conditions. In 2010/2011, infection with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 compared to other influenza viruses was a significant risk factor for severe disease. An incremental relationship was found between the number of underlying conditions and PICU admission. These findings highlight the importance of improving low vaccination uptake and increasing the use of antivirals in vulnerable children.
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Cho HG, Choi JH, Lee HK, Mun SK, Lee JB, Jho EH, Kang C, Lim YH. Oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses isolated in South Korea from 2005 to 2010. Arch Virol 2013; 158:2365-70. [PMID: 23690054 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
South Korean isolates of oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses from 2005-2010 were investigated with a total 491 influenza viruses identified from 1702 specimens. Neuraminidase genes from 342 influenza viruses (71 A/H1N1, 74 pandemic A/H1N1 2009, 117 A/H3N2, and 80 B) were analyzed by RT-PCR with molecular markers for oseltamivir resistance. The H274Y mutation in the NA protein was identified in 100 % (n=40) of A/H1N1 viruses circulating in 2008-2009. Influenza A/H1N1 viruses harboring the H274Y substitution exhibited, on average, a 626-fold reduction in oseltamivir susceptibility and clustered with the A/Norway/1736/2007 strain. Close and timely monitoring for resistance to clinically available influenza antivirals should be consistently performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Gil Cho
- Gyeonggi-do Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Kanchana S, Kanchana S, Vijitsopa T, Thammakumpee K, Yamwong S, Sawanyawisuth K. Clinical factors predictive of pneumonia caused by pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013; 88:461-3. [PMID: 23382162 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia was the most common cause of death during the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection. Clinical risk factors for pneumonia caused by this virus are limited. We enrolled consecutive patients treated at the H1N1 Clinic in Thungsong Hospital in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, during June-December 2009 who had positive polymerase chain reaction results for H1N1 virus. Clinical features for patients given a diagnosis with and without pneumonia were studied. There were 441 patients with positive polymerase chain reaction results for H1N1 virus. Of these patients, 51 (11.56%) had pneumonia. Three independent clinical factors for H1N1 pneumonia were myalgia, dyspnea, and an absolute neutrophil count > 7,700 cells/μL. Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for these three variables were 0.413 (0.173-0.988), 2.625 (1.230-5.604), and 4.475 (1.882-10.644), respectively. Clinical features may be a useful tool for predicting risk for pneumonia caused by H1N1 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawan Kanchana
- Department of Medicine, Thungsong Hospital, Walailak University School of Medicine, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
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Cho HJ, Shim SY, Son DW, Sun YH, Tchah H, Jeon IS. Respiratory viruses in neonates hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infections. Pediatr Int 2013; 55:49-53. [PMID: 22978535 PMCID: PMC7167731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2012.03727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in neonates has not been clearly studied. The aims of this study were to determine the overall distribution of respiratory viruses in neonates hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infectiosns (ALRI) and to describe the clinical characteristics of RSV infections in these neonates. METHODS From January 2009 through May 2010, neonates aged <1 month who were hospitalized with ALRI and did not have underlying disease were included in the study. Viruses were identified on multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using nasal swab samples. Clinical variables were evaluated between the RSV and non-RSV infection groups. RESULTS Of the 108 infants included in the study, 46 (42.6%) had RSV; human rhinovirus (18.5%), human parainfluenza virus 3 (7.5%), and human metapneumovirus (3.7%) were the next most common infections. Codetections accounted for 8.3% of the cases. Crowding increased the risk of RSV infection compared to the non-RSV group (OR, 16.5; P = 0.001). The RSV group had a greater incidence of dyspnea (P = 0.027), pneumonia (P < 0.001), requirement for oxygen (P < 0.001), and prolonged hospitalization (P = 0.011) than the non-RSV group. CONCLUSIONS RSV was the most common viral etiology in neonates without underlying diseases who were hospitalized with ALRI. The disease severity of RSV infection was worse than that of other detected viral infections. Strict prevention strategies should be considered in overcrowded situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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Kim S, Cho HJ, Han DK, Choi YD, Yang ES, Cho YK, Ma JS. Recurrent plastic bronchitis in a child with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and influenza B virus infection. J Korean Med Sci 2012; 27:1114-9. [PMID: 22969262 PMCID: PMC3429833 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2012.27.9.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic bronchitis is an uncommon disorder characterized by the formation of bronchial casts. It is associated with congenital heart disease or pulmonary disease. In children with underlying conditions such as allergy or asthma, influenza can cause severe plastic bronchitis resulting in respiratory failure. A review of the literature showed nine cases of plastic bronchitis with H1N1 including this case. We report a case of a child with recurrent plastic bronchitis with eosinophilic cast associated with influenza B infection, who had recovered from plastic bronchitis associated with an influenza A (H1N1) virus infection 5 months previously. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of recurrent plastic bronchitis related to influenza viral infection. If patients with influenza virus infection manifest acute respiratory distress with total lung atelectasis, clinicians should consider plastic bronchitis and early bronchoscopy should be intervened. In addition, management for underlying disease may prevent from recurrence of plastic bronchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hwa Jin Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yoo Duk Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Kuk Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Sook Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Kim HJ, Chun BC, Hann HJ, Sohn JW, Kee SY, Kim SH, Jo MY, Lee KY, Lee SH, Kim MJ, Ahn HS. Incidence and Epidemiological Characteristics of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Among School-Based Populations in Korea. Infect Chemother 2012. [DOI: 10.3947/ic.2012.44.6.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Chun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoo Jae Hann
- Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Wook Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Yoon Kee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Chungju, Korea
| | - Si Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung Youn Jo
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Seok Hyeon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ja Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Sik Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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