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Nawa Y, Tanaka M, Yoshikawa M. Sparganosis in the Indian Sub-continent and the Middle East. PARASITES, HOSTS AND DISEASES 2024; 62:263-269. [PMID: 39218625 PMCID: PMC11366545 DOI: 10.3347/phd.23126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Sparganosis is one of the common zoonotic diseases caused by infection with the larval plerocercoids (spargana) of the cestode genus Spirometra. While this parasite distributes globally in canine and feline hosts, human infection is predominantly reported in East Asia, especially China, Korea, Japan, and Thailand. Maybe related to the behavior and food culture, this zoonotic disease is rather rare in South Asia to the Middle East. In these areas, sporadic case reports have been appeared mostly in the local medical journals. To draw a solid picture of sparganosis in these non-endemic areas of Asia, we made an extensive literature survey to gather sparganosis cases in the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukifumi Nawa
- Tropical Diseases Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen,
Thailand
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki,
Japan
| | - Mio Tanaka
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki,
Japan
| | - Masahide Yoshikawa
- Department of Pathogen and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashiwara, Nara,
Japan
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Wang Y, Lou Y, Chen L, Yang X, Cao A, Du P. A hepatic sparganosis misdiagnosed as intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma: a case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1391256. [PMID: 38660131 PMCID: PMC11039945 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1391256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic sparganosis (HS) is extremely rare and has not been previously reported in Eastern China. We report the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with HS from Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. The patient was admitted due to an acute biliary tract infection, and the symptoms improved after treatment at the Gastroenterology Department. During an ultrasound examination on admission, an abnormal echo was incidentally discovered at the junction of the left and right lobes of the liver. Thereafter, upper abdominal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) non-contrast and contrast-enhanced examinations, and serum tumor biomarker examination were completed. After a multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) discussion at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the patient was diagnosed with intrahepatic mass-type cholangiocarcinoma (IMCC) and surgery was recommended. The patient underwent surgical treatment, and postoperative pathology revealed HS. No signs of intrahepatic recurrence were observed during the 1-year follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu Lou
- Department of Radiology, The 71st Group Army Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army of China, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Aihong Cao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Liang P, Liang P, Chen K, Chen Z, Liu Y, Lin Y, Li J, Fu R, Lu G, Wang D. Important nutrient sources and carbohydrate metabolism patterns in the growth and development of spargana. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:68. [PMID: 38365789 PMCID: PMC10873960 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sparganosis is a worldwide food-borne parasitic disease caused by spargana infection, which infects the muscle of frogs and snakes as well as many tissues and organs in humans. There are currently no viable treatments for sparganosis. Understanding spargana's nutrition source and carbohydrate metabolism may be crucial for identifying its energy supply and establishing methods of treatment for sparganosis. METHODS Using an amino acid analyzer and nutrient concentration detection kits, we assessed nutrient concentrations in the muscles of Fejervarya limnocharis and Pelophylax plancyi infected or not infected with spargana. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to quantify the major enzymes involved in five glucose metabolism pathways of spargana developing in vivo. We also used quantitative PCR to assess key enzymes and transcriptome sequencing to explore the regulation of carbohydrate metabolic pathways in vitro in response to different 24-h food treatments. RESULTS Infected muscle tissues had considerably higher concentrations of glucogenic and/or ketogenic amino acids, glucose, and glycogen than non-infected muscle tissues. We discovered that the number of differentially expressed genes in Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was larger in low-glucose than in other dietary groups. We examined differences in the expression of genes producing amino acid transporters, glucose transporters, and cathepsins in spargana grown in various nutritional environments. In the normal saline group, only the major enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), glycogenesis, and glycogenolysis pathways were expressed. The L-glutamine group had the greatest transcriptional levels of critical rate-limiting enzymes of gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis. Furthermore, the low-glucose group had the highest transcriptional levels of critical rate-limiting enzymes involved in the TCA, glycolytic, and glycogenolysis pathways. Surprisingly, when compared to the in vitro culturing groups, spargana developing in vivo exhibited higher expression of these critical rate-limiting enzymes in these pathways, with the exception of the pentose phosphate pathway. CONCLUSIONS Spargana have a variety of nutritional sources, and there is a close relationship between nutrients and the carbohydrate metabolism pathways. It takes a multi-site approach to block nutrient absorption and carbohydrate metabolism pathways to provide energy to kill them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medicine University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
- Emerging Tropical Infectious Diseases Science Innovation Group, Hainan Medicine University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medicine University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Kemin Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Zhengxin Chen
- School of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Yamei Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The People's Hospital of Lingshui, Lingshui, 572400, Hainan, China
| | - Yujin Lin
- Central Laboratory, Sanya People's Hospital, Sanya, 572000, Hainan, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Ruijia Fu
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medicine University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medicine University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China.
| | - Dayong Wang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of the Ministry of Education of China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
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Meng Y, Wan W, Xiong ZC, Wu P, Zhang N, Yu YQ, Huang SH, Liu ZL, Liu JM. Sparganosis of a thoracic vertebra misdiagnosed as bone metastasis from lung cancer. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 135:67-69. [PMID: 37567555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sparganosis is a rare parasitic infection caused by plerocercoid tapeworm larvae. We described a case of a 27-year-old man presenting with numbness in both legs and masses in the right lung and spine, initially thought to have spinal metastasis from lung cancer. However, after pathological and parasitological examinations, the patient was found to have spinal sparganosis, likely due to a history of consuming raw frogs. The patient was successfully treated with praziquantel, resulting in the recovery of muscle strength in his legs. This case highlights the importance of considering spinal sparganosis as a differential diagnosis in patients with spinal masses, especially those with a history of consuming raw or undercooked frogs. Accurate diagnosis and early treatment are crucial for managing this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330038, PR China
| | - Wen Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Chao Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Yan-Qing Yu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Shan-Hu Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Li Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Jia-Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
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Xiang H, Wang J, Tan D, Xiong Y, Huang P, Shen Y, Xu Y, Gong Z, Hu F, Xu C, Wu J, Liu W, Liu J, Wan H, Hong D, Xie H. The serum IgG antibody level as a biomarker for clinical outcome in patients with cerebral sparganosis after treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158635. [PMID: 37051247 PMCID: PMC10083495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCerebral sparganosis is a rare parasitic infection of the brain tissue. The remission of MRI change and clinical symptom has been used to evaluate the therapeutic effect. However, there is no study to correlate the serum IgG antibody level of sparganum to the prognosis of disease after treatment. Methods87 patients with cerebral sparganosis were collected from three medical centers. Clinical symptoms and MRI changes were evaluated at 12 months after initial treatment, and serum IgG antibody level of sparganum was evaluated at 2, 6, and 12 months after treatment. The positive cut-off value was based on 2.1 times the optical density (OD) of negative control. The index value was defined as the sample OD divided by the cut-off value.ResultsAmong the 87 patients after treatment, 71 patients had good clinical outcomes, and 16 had poor clinical outcomes. The area under the curve (AUC) showed that the index value measured at 12 months after treatment had the best prediction effect, with a value of 2.014. In the good-outcome group, the index values were less than 2.014 in all 71 patients, and only 8 patients had mildly enhanced residual lesions on MRI. In the poor-outcome group, the index values were more than 2.014 in all 16 patients, and all patients still showed significantly enhanced lesions on MRI. Compared with poor-outcome patients, only 2 patients with good outcomes had disease recurrence after treatment.DiscussionThis study provided evidence that the serum IgG antibody level of sparganum was a promising biomarker to evaluate the prognosis of patients with cerebral sparganosis after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dandan Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Pengcheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Clinical Department, Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihong Gong
- Clinical Department, Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Hu
- Clinical Department, Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Outpatient, The Nanchang City First Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Junpu Liu
- Clinical Department, Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Wan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Daojun Hong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Daojun Hong, ; Huiqun Xie,
| | - Huiqun Xie
- Clinical Department, Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Disease, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Daojun Hong, ; Huiqun Xie,
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Chen X, Fang Y, Tao L, Liu M, Liang K. A Case of Ocular Sparganosis in China: Episode of Migration from Muscle Cone to Subconjunctiva. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2022; 60:419-421. [PMID: 36588419 PMCID: PMC9806500 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2022.60.6.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To improve our understanding of the migration of sparganum in humans, we report a case of ocular sparganosis having the migratory episode from the muscle cone to the subconjunctiva. A 34-year-old woman was admitted to the Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Hefei, China), in December 2019. She presented with conjunctival hemorrhage and recurrent pain in the left eye. A foreign body was found in the muscle cone of the eye. Two months later, a ribbon-like white material was found under the conjunctiva on slit-lamp examination. A long and slender, actively moving parasite was extracted by surgery. The extracted worm was approximately 8 cm long and 2 mm wide. The worm was whitish, wrinkled, ribbon shaped, and had a slightly enlarged scolex. The worm sample was morphologically identified as a plerocercoid larva (sparganum) of the Spirometra tapeworm. Her conjunctival blood suffusion and eye pain ceased within 1 week after operation. She has been in good health without any symptoms during the 2-year follow-up. A case of ocular sparganosis, in which larval worm migrated from the muscle cone to the subconjunctiva is reported from China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601,
China
- Department of Optometry, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601,
China
| | - Yanyuan Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601,
China
- Department of Optometry, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601,
China
| | - Liming Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601,
China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601,
China
| | - Kun Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601,
China
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Liu W, Gong T, Chen S, Liu Q, Zhou H, He J, Wu Y, Li F, Liu Y. Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Sparganosis in Asia. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1578. [PMID: 35739914 PMCID: PMC9219546 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparganosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larvae (spargana) of the genus Spirometra, which is widely distributed globally and threatens human health. More than 60 species of Spirometra have already been identified, and over 2000 cases have been reported. This review summarizes the prevalence of humans, frogs, snakes, and other animals with spargana. Furthermore, the infection mode, distribution, and site are summarized and analyzed. We also describe the epidemiology, molecular diagnosis, and other aspects which are of considerable significance to preventing sparganum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.L.); (T.G.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (J.H.)
- Hunan Provincial the Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Tengfang Gong
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.L.); (T.G.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.L.); (T.G.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Quan Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
| | - Haoying Zhou
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.L.); (T.G.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Junlin He
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.L.); (T.G.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Yong Wu
- Hunan Provincial the Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Fen Li
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.L.); (T.G.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (J.H.)
- Hunan Provincial the Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Yisong Liu
- Hunan Provincial the Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
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Diagnosis and management of cerebral sparganosis: An uncommon parasitic infection of the brain. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17:1874-1880. [PMID: 35401890 PMCID: PMC8990059 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Fu R, Liang P, Lu G, Gu J, Wang D. Prevalence of sparganum infection in wild frogs in Hainan province of China involves a risk for sparganosis. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:1826-1837. [PMID: 35422911 PMCID: PMC8991154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sparganosis is a serious parasitic zoonosis triggered by intake of and wound contact with frog flesh or the water infected or contaminated by sparganum. METHODS The prevalence of Sparganum infection in wild frogs was assessed. A questionnaire survey was also conducted among the residents in Hainan Province to evaluate people's awareness of the medical and epidemiological relevance of sparganosis. RESULTS A total of 1556 wild frogs were collected to examine Sparganum infection in different organs. A total of 201 (12.92%) were found to be infected with spargana of the genus Spirometra. There were 612 spargana found in those frogs, and the average infection rate was 3.04 per frog. The infection rate in the central region of Hainan Island is higher than that in other regions. Most spargana were found in the hind legs of frog, and the infection rate was not related to the weight of frogs. About 37.05% of the residents on Hainan Island have the knowledge of sparganosis and sparganum infection, and the internet was a major way to learn about sparganosis. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that occupation was identified as a determinant of sparganosis knowledge, and gender, age and residence were the most important risk factors for sparganosis. These results indicated that sparganum infection in wild frogs is common and is a potential threat to the residents on Hainan Island, and unhealthy lifestyle and eating habits may trigger sparganum infections. CONCLUSION Wild frogs are commonly infected by Sparganum, which is a potential threat to people. To prevent sparganosis in humans, it is necessary to raise public awareness of sparganum infection in frogs and its association with sparganosis, as well as advocate healthy diet concepts and habits, and abandon the capture, sale and purchase of wild frogs to prevent and decrease the incidence of sparganosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Bioresources of The Ministry of Education of China, Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228, Hainan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medicine UniversityHaikou 571199, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Pei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Bioresources of The Ministry of Education of China, Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medicine UniversityHaikou 571199, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Jinbao Gu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Bioresources of The Ministry of Education of China, Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228, Hainan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228, Hainan, P. R. China
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Liu C, Chen Z, Shaban UT, Wang M, Zhou G, Wang N, Liu Y. Misdiagnosis of cerebral sparganosis co- existing with HIV/AIDS: a case report. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 117:264-266. [PMID: 35151855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparganosis, especially cerebral sparganosis is a rare co-morbidity of HIV/AIDS. Due to nonspecific symptoms of sparganosis, diagnosis and treatment are challenging with a very high rate of misdiagnosis. This paper summarizes the clinical data of the case cerebral sparganosis in an HIV/AIDS patient. It provides a reference for the treatment of HIV/AIDS coexisting with parasitic encephalopathy (cerebral sparganosis). Cerebral sparganosis has been reported worldwide, especially in Asian countries. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of cerebral sparganosis associated with HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.the first hospital of changsha
| | - Zhong Chen
- Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.the first hospital of changsha.
| | - Ummulbanin T Shaban
- Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.central south university, xiangya school of public health
| | - Min Wang
- Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.the first hospital of changsha
| | - Guoqiang Zhou
- Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.the first hospital of changsha
| | - Ning Wang
- Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.the first hospital of changsha
| | - Yan Liu
- Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.the first hospital of changsha
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Lu Y, Sun JH, Lu LL, Chen JX, Song P, Ai L, Cai YC, Li LH, Chen SH. Proteomic and Immunological Identification of Diagnostic Antigens from Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Plerocercoid. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:615-623. [PMID: 34974668 PMCID: PMC8721309 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human sparganosis is a food-borne parasitic disease caused by the plerocercoids of Spirometra species. Clinical diagnosis of sparganosis is crucial for effective treatment, thus it is important to identify sensitive and specific antigens of plerocercoids. The aim of the current study was to identify and characterize the immunogenic proteins of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei plerocercoids that were recognized by patient sera. Crude soluble extract of the plerocercoids were separated using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunoblot and mass spectrometry analysis. Based on immunoblotting patterns and mass spectrometry results, 8 antigenic proteins were identified from the plerocercoid. Among the proteins, cysteine protease protein might be developed as an antigen for diagnosis of sparganosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention); National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; Shanghai,
P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hui Sun
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention); National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; Shanghai,
P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Lu
- The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang,
P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention); National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; Shanghai,
P. R. China
| | - Peng Song
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention); National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; Shanghai,
P. R. China
| | - Lin Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention); National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; Shanghai,
P. R. China
| | - Yu-Chun Cai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention); National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; Shanghai,
P. R. China
| | - Lan-Hua Li
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang,
P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention); National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; Shanghai,
P. R. China
- Corresponding author ()
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12
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Sharma S, Mahajan RK, Ram H, Karikalan M, Achra A. Sparganosis mimicking a soft-tissue tumor: A diagnostic challenge. Trop Parasitol 2021; 11:49-52. [PMID: 34195062 PMCID: PMC8213118 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_40_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human sparganosis is a rare but important food borne zoonosis and could be attributed to increased consumption of raw meat of fish, frogs, snakes etc. Sparganosis may involve varied organ systems but subcutaneous sparganosis remains the one of the commonly reported clinical condition. Rarity of this problem reinforces the necessity of sensitising the treating physicians of the differential possibility of this infection in patients with history of practice of consuming raw meat. Expansion of health communication and provision of safe food and water by the civic agencies can be a part of powerful preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwangi Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, ABVIMS, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Hira Ram
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation Management and Disease Surveillance, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind Achra
- Department of Microbiology, ABVIMS, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
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13
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Systemic diseases affecting the breast: Imaging, diagnosis, and management. Clin Imaging 2021; 77:76-85. [PMID: 33652268 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Various systemic diseases of benign or malignant etiologies can clinically manifest in the breast. Some imaging findings of breast lesions can be pathognomonic for a given condition, while others are non-specific, mimicking primary breast carcinoma and requiring tissue biopsy for definitive diagnosis. In addition to obtaining a detailed clinical history, radiologists should be familiar with the diverse clinical and imaging characteristics of these conditions to help exclude primary breast cancer and avoid unnecessary interventions. This review aims to discuss the clinical presentations, imaging features, pathologic findings, and management of systemic conditions that may affect the breast.
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14
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Yamasaki H, Sanpool O, Rodpai R, Sadaow L, Laummaunwai P, Un M, Thanchomnang T, Laymanivong S, Aung WPP, Intapan PM, Maleewong W. Spirometra species from Asia: Genetic diversity and taxonomic challenges. Parasitol Int 2020; 80:102181. [PMID: 32898662 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable controversy concerning the taxonomy of species within the genus Spirometra, human sparganosis and spirometrosis mainly in Asia and Europe has long been confidently ascribed to Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. Recently, the mitochondrial genomes of purported "S. erinaceieuropaei", "Spirometra decipiens" and "Spirometra ranarum" from Asia have been determined. However, it has been pointed out that the morphological criteria used for identifying these species are unsuitable and thus these identifications are questionable. In the present study, therefore, Spirometra samples from Asia were re-examined based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene sequences and the identification of these species was discussed. Haplotype network and phylogenetic analyses revealed that: i) two distinct Spirometra species, Type I and Type II, are present in Asia and neither of which is close to likely European "S. erinaceieuropaei"; ii) Type I is genetically diverse and widely distributed, however Type II is known so far from Japan and Korea; iii) "S. decipiens" and "S. ranarum" reported from Asia are conspecific with Type I; iv) Type I is probably conspecific with Spirometra mansoni, and Type II may represent an undescribed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamasaki
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Oranuch Sanpool
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Rutchanee Rodpai
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Lakkhana Sadaow
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Porntip Laummaunwai
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Mesa Un
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tongjit Thanchomnang
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Sakhone Laymanivong
- Centre of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Win Pa Pa Aung
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Pewpan M Intapan
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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15
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Chai JY, Jung BK, Ryu JY, Kim HS, Hong SJ, Htoon TT, Tin HH, Na BK, Sohn WM. Larval Gnathostomes and Spargana in Chinese Edible Frogs, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, from Myanmar: Potential Risk of Human Infection. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:467-473. [PMID: 32871642 PMCID: PMC7462796 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chinese edible frogs, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, were examined to estimate the potential risks of human gnathostomiasis and sparganosis in Myanmar. A total of 20 frogs were purchased in a local market of Yangon and examined with naked eyes and the artificial digestion method after skin peeling in June 2018 and June 2019. Larvae of gnathostomes and Spirometra (=spargana) were detected in 15 (75.0%) and 15 (75.0%) frogs with average intensities of 10.5 and 6.3 larvae per infected frog, respectively. Gnathostome larvae were 2.75–3.80 (av. 3.30) mm long and 0.29–0.36 (0.33) mm wide. They had a characteristic head bulb with 4 rows of hooklets, a muscular long esophagus, and 2 pairs of cervical sac. The mean number of hooklets were 41, 44, 47, and 50 on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th row, respectively. Collected spargana were actively moving, particularly with the scolex part, and have ivory-white color and variable in size. Conclusively, it has been first confirmed that Chinese edible frogs, H. rugulosus, are highly infected with larval gnathostomes and spargana in this study. Consuming these frogs is considered a potential risk of human gnathostomiasis and sparganosis in Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Bong-Kwang Jung
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Jin-Youp Ryu
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Hyun-Seung Kim
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Sung-Jong Hong
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | | | | | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Corresponding author:
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16
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Kuchta R, Kołodziej-Sobocińska M, Brabec J, Młocicki D, Sałamatin R, Scholz T. Sparganosis (Spirometra) in Europe in the Molecular Era. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 72:882-890. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sparganosis is a relatively neglected foodborne and waterborne disease caused by species of the tapeworm genus Spirometra, the global distribution of which has not been sufficiently recognized. Known mainly as a zoonosis of East Asia, its species are native to all inhabited continents including Europe. Spirometra has been reported from numerous wildlife species from 17 European countries, and a critical review confirmed 17 autochthonous and 8 imported human clinical cases. We present the first molecular evidence of the coincident presence of 2 species in Europe and review the current distribution to raise awareness of the parasite in this region. Spirometra erinaceieuropaei is restricted to Europe and Spirometra mansoni represents a lineage distributed mainly across Asia and Oceania that reaches Europe. The parasite is common in Eastern Europe and its distribution has potential to expand along with its invasive or migrating mammal hosts, spreading the risks of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Brabec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Młocicki
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rusłan Sałamatin
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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17
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Fang L, Wang Y, Gao Q, Yan B, Zhou J. Recurrent eosinophilic pleuritis caused by sparganum infection: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20226. [PMID: 32481388 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Sparganosis is an infectious disease caused by a larval tapeworm of the genus Spirometra, which commonly invades subcutaneous tissues. Pulmonary and pleural involvement due to sparganum has been rarely reported previously. PATIENT CONCERNS We herein described a case of recurrent eosinophilic pleuritis in a 24-year-old woman. She was admitted with persistent cough and shortness of breath for more than 1 month. Initial chest computed tomography scan suggested right pleural effusion and diffuse pleural thickening. Slightly elevated eosinophil counts were found in both the peripheral blood and pleural fluid. She underwent right pleurectomy but histological examination failed to obtain an etiological diagnosis. Moreover, eosinophilic pleural effusion re-appeared in the contralateral thoracic cavity one month later. After re-admission, we reviewed her medical history meticulously and found she had a history of ingesting raw snake gallbladders before hospitalization. The final diagnosis was confirmed by the markedly positive reaction against sparganum antigen in both serum and pleural fluid sample. DIAGNOSIS Eosinophilic pleuritis caused by sparganum infection. INTERVENTIONS After the diagnosis, the patient was treated with praziquantel at 75 mg/kg/d for 3 days. OUTCOMES Pleural effusion absorbed completely and eosinophil count in peripheral blood returned to normal range. No evidence of recurrent pleural effusion had been observed in over one year of follow-up. LESSONS Clinicians need to be aware the possibility of sparganum infection in cases of eosinophilic pleuritis. The specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay remains a useful method in acquiring a rapid diagnosis, especially when histological examination is unable to detect the larvae in the thoracic cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiqi Gao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
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18
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Muigg V, Ruf MT, Schwarzkopf S, Huang S, Denisjuk N, Stürmann A, Ritzler M, Wampfler R, Poppert S, Neumayr A. Case Report: Human Subcutaneous Sparganosis in a Thai Migrant. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:1170-1173. [PMID: 31571569 PMCID: PMC6838579 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Human sparganosis is a cestode infection which is neglected as a differential diagnosis outside endemic countries. Diagnosis and therapy may be challenging depending on the clinical presentation and anatomic localization. The disease manifests predominantly as subcutaneous nodule(s) or intracranial mass lesion(s). Infection is primarily acquired by ingesting raw or undercooked amphibian or reptile flesh or by drinking water containing copepods. We report an unusual case of subcutaneous Spirometra erinaceieuropaei sparganosis presenting with two nonmigratory nodules in close proximity to each other on the right thigh of a Thai woman living in Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Muigg
- Department of Medicine, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Therese Ruf
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Simon Huang
- DermaZentrum Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna Stürmann
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Rahel Wampfler
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Poppert
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Neumayr
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Prevalence and molecular characterization of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei spargana in snakes in Hunan Province, China. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e131. [PMID: 32103785 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x20000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sparganosis is an important foodborne parasitic zoonosis; however, few reports on the prevalence of snake-infecting plerocercoids from Hunan province in China are available. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of spargana infection in wild snakes from this region in 2018, and identified an astonishing prevalence rate of 91.7% (344/375). Spargana parasites were found in 99.1% of Zaocys dhumnades, 94.1% of Elaphe carinata and 86.7% of Elaphe taeniura. Parasites exhibited various distributions: 50% were located in muscular tissue, 32.1% in subcutaneous tissue and 17.9% in the coelomic cavity. To identify the specific status of spargana collected from wild snakes, partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene sequences were amplified, sequenced and analysed. Sequence variations for cox1 among all the examined plerocercoids ranged between 0.0 and 2.9%, with 21 variable sites identified (4.71%, 21/446). Phylogenetic analyses identified that all plerocercoids isolated from Hunan province were Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. This is the first report of S. erinaceieuropaei infection in snakes in Hunan province. The risks and harms of sparganosis should be publicized, and illegal wildlife trade should be controlled.
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20
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Zhang X, Hong X, Liu SN, Jiang P, Zhao SC, Sun CX, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Large-scale survey of a neglected agent of sparganosis Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in wild frogs in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008019. [PMID: 32101542 PMCID: PMC7043720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In China, frogs play an understudied role in the spread of human sparganosis (caused by the larval form of Spirometra). However, our knowledge about the prevalence of sparganum infection in frogs remains fragmented, and the taxonomic identification of the parasite is still controversial. Methodology/Principal findings The prevalence of sparganum infection in wild frogs was surveyed at 145 geographical locations from 28 of the 34 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities in China for six years. The collected sparganum isolates from the different locations were subjected to molecular identification by a multiplex PCR assay and then were analysed with clustering analysis. In the survey, sparganum infection was found in 8 out of 13 of the collected frog species, and the most frequently infected species was Pelophylax nigromaculatus (the infection rate was up to 14.07%). Infected frogs were found in 80 of the 145 surveyed locations. The sparganum infection rates in the wild frogs in several regions of China were still high (above 10%), especially in South and Southwest China. A total of 72 spargana were selected for molecular identification, and the clustering analysis showed that sequences from the Chinese isolates were very similar to those identified as from Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. However, the taxonomy of the genus remains confused and further analysis is required. Conclusions Eating wild frogs is associated with considerable health risks in China. Several traditional Chinese folk remedies may increase the risk of infection. The sparganum isolates in China are most likely from S. erinaceieuropaei, but new studies, especially comprehensive morphological analyses, are needed in the future. Human sparganosis has increased in recent years in China. Frogs play an important role in the spread of sparganosis. However, our knowledge about the prevalence of sparganum infection in frogs remains incomplete, and the taxonomic identification of sparganum is still controversial. In this study, the prevalence of sparganum infection in frogs was surveyed at 145 geographical locations in China. In addition, 72 spargana representing 72 distinct geographical isolates were selected for molecular identification. Frogs that tested positive for sparganum infection were found in 80 of the 145 surveyed locations, and the average infection rate was 10.96% (447/4078), with most of the spargana present in the thigh muscles of the infected frogs. The levels of sparganum infections in wild frogs in South and Southwest China were higher than those in the central and eastern regions. In the molecular identification analysis, all of the isolates revealed two specific bands in the multiplex PCR assay; the further clustering analysis of the sequenced PCR products showed that the Chinese isolates had a close relationship with Spirometra erinaceieuropaei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiu Hong
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shi Nan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu Chuan Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuan Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZQW); (JC)
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZQW); (JC)
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21
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Iampreechakul P, Tirakotai W, Lertbutsayanukul P, Khunvutthidee S, Thammachantha S, Siriwimonmas S. Spinal Sparganosis Coexisting with Acquired Arteriovenous Fistula of the Filum Terminale. World Neurosurg 2020; 136:341-347. [PMID: 31996338 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal sparganosis associated with filum terminale arteriovenous fistula (FTAVF) has not been reported in the literature. In previous studies, these 2 rare diseases were usually reported separately. We report the first case of spinal sparganosis with concomitant FTAVF. CASE DESCRIPTION Spinal sparganosis associated with FTAVF manifested in a middle-aged man with progressive back pain and paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine revealed large intradural mass-like lesions involving the conus medullaris and entire cauda equina. Additionally, there was degenerative spinal stenosis at the level of L2-3 to L5-S1. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine disclosed abnormal hypersignal intensity extending from the level of the conus medullaris to T7 with tortuous intradural flow voids along the ventral more than dorsal surfaces of the spinal cord. Magnetic resonance angiography and spinal angiography confirmed FTAVF at the level of L3-4. The patient underwent surgical removal of the granulation tissues with lysis adhesions and obliteration of the FTAVF simultaneously in the same surgical session. Histologic findings were consistent with sparganosis. CONCLUSIONS The formation of FTAVF in the present case may have resulted from severe spinal canal stenosis caused by lumbar spondylosis and spinal sparganosis, inducing chronic inflammation and severe adhesion of spinal nerve roots. This evidence indicates that FTAVF may have been acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wuttipong Tirakotai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prasat Neurological Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Human proliferative sparganosis update. Parasitol Int 2019; 75:102036. [PMID: 31841658 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Proliferative sparganosis is one of the most bizarre and mysterious parasitic diseases ever described. The causative parasite is Sparganum proliferum, which is a pseudophyllidean cestode distinct from Spirometra tapeworms. Here we overview this rare but fascinating disease with the all original case reports on human patients published in the last 115 years. Proliferative sparganosis is clearly divided into two disease types, cutaneous and internal proliferative sparganosis. Cutaneous type starts with a skin eruption caused by the dermal invasion of a sparganum. Skin lesion progresses to larger areas of the body if left untreated. Various internal organs and body wall can be eventually affected. The clinical symptoms of patients in this group are very similar to each other. Molecular data suggest that cutaneous proliferative sparganosis is caused by S. proliferum of which genetic variation is limited, regardless of the time or localities of the emergence of patients. Internal proliferative sparganosis, on the other hand, is much more heterogeneous. Some cases show aggressive infection in internal organs, while others show only restricted lesions. Some of the cases that had been cited as proliferative sparganosis in the past literature were removed from the list, because they were judged as cyclophyllidean tapeworm infections. DNA sequencing is mandatory for the definite diagnosis of proliferative sparganosis. The Venezuelan strain of S. proliferum is maintained in experimental mice in Japan, which is fully prepared for the experimental study with advanced technologies in modern molecular biology.
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23
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Zhu Y, Ye L, Ding X, Wu J, Chen Y. Cerebral sparganosis presenting with atypical postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging findings: a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:748. [PMID: 31455261 PMCID: PMC6712767 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sparganosis, a rare and severe parasitic infection caused by the larvae of Spirometra species or simply sparganum, generally involves subcutaneous tissue or muscle. But occasionally, sparganum can also invade the human brain, resulting in cerebral sparganosis. Case presentation A 33-year-old woman presented with a 10-day history of headache. Postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an irregular lesion with enhancement and the tunnel-shaped focus extending to the contralateral hemiphere. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis disclosed pleocytosis (166 cells/μL) and an elevated protein concentration (0.742 g/L). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed positive sparganum-specific antibody in both blood and CSF. Finally, the diagnosis of cerebral sparganosis was comfirmed. She received praziquantel treatment and got a favorable outcome during six-month follow-up. Conclusions Irregular enhancement and the tunnel sign that extends to the contralateral hemisphere on postconstrast MRI are unusual presentations of cerebral sparganosis. ELISA for sparganum-specific antibody can help confirm the diagnosis. Although surgery is the preferred treatment for cerebral sparganosis, praziquantel might also achieve satisfying outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingqi Ye
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiansan Ding
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jimin Wu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanxing Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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The first case of human sparganosis in Poland and a review of the cases in Europe. Parasitol Int 2019; 70:89-91. [PMID: 30794872 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Huh S. Status of common parasitic diseases in Korea in 2019. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2019. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2019.62.8.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Huh
- Department of Parasitology and Institute of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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