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Hong JH, Seo M, Oh CS, Chai JY, Shin DH. Metagonimus yokogawai Ancient DNA Recovered from 16th- to 17th-Century Korean Mummy Feces of the Joseon Dynasty. J Parasitol 2021; 106:802-808. [PMID: 33351947 DOI: 10.1645/20-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metagonimiasis is foodborne intestinal parasitism occurring by the definitive hosts' ingestion of raw or undercooked fish, mostly commonly sweetfish. Most Metagonimus infection is caused by Metagonimus yokogawai but also rarely by Metagonimus takahashii as well as Metagonimus miyatai. Despite recent molecular work on Metagonimus spp., there are still insufficient data to reveal the genetic characteristics of ancient M. yokogawai in a wide geo-historical scope. In this study, we were successful in the analysis of M. yokogawai ancient DNA (aDNA) using coprolite samples retrieved from 16th- to 17th-century Korean mummies. In BLAST and phylogenetic analyses, M. yokogawai 28S rDNA of Korean mummies were clustered along with the 28S rDNA taxa of M. takahashii and M. miyatai in GenBank. Conversely, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of M. yokogawai aDNA from Korean mummies was distinctly clustered apart from M. takahashii and M. miyatai sequences. This study is the first report of its kind to identify M. yokogawai aDNA retrieved from the archaeological specimens and confirms the usefulness of COI in molecular diagnosis of M. yokogawai. Considering the rarity of reports on the genetics of genus Metagonimus spp., our study will be fundamental for the future study of M. yokogawai paleogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ha Hong
- Institute of Korean Archaeology and Ancient History, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Bioanthropology, Paleopathology and History of Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Seo
- Department of Parasitology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Chang Seok Oh
- Department of Mortuary Science, Eulji University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea.,Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Laboratory of Bioanthropology, Paleopathology and History of Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Morsy K, Abdel-Ghaffar F, Bashtar AR, Dajem SB, Abdel-Gaber R, Mostafa M. Light microscopy and surface topography of Urotrema scabridum and Renschetrema indicum (Digenea) from Rhinopoma hardwickii (Chiroptera): first report in Egypt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 27:319-326. [PMID: 30183994 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This report introduced the description of two different species of digenean parasites isolated from the intestine of Rhinopoma hardwickii with new host and locality records in Egypt. The recovered helminthes were studied morphologically and morphometrically by light microscopy and the surface topography of the two species was elucidated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Urotrema scabridum had an elongated body, testes were tandem, ovaries were pretesticular, and vitelline follicles were observed in 2 lateral fields. SEM showed that the anterior half was covered with random and backwardly directed tegument spines. The lumen of the oral sucker was as a longitudinal slit encircled with type I dome-shaped papillae. The ventral sucker was wrinkled and covered by tongue-shaped tegument spines and several scattered papillae. Renschetrema indicum had a fusiform body with minute spines densely distributed in the anterior part of the body; testes sub-triangular, ovary fusiform; vitellaria were randomly distributed around the ceca and genital organs. SEM showed that the fore-body was ventrally concave and surrounded by cytoplasmic ridges equipped with numerous closely packed claw-shaped spines. The oral sucker was externally surrounded by two circles of papillae while the lip of the ventral sucker was rounded and surrounded by three papillae located in its upper end and anterolaterally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Morsy
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | - Saad Bin Dajem
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Mostafa
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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3
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Trujillo-González A, Becker JA, Hutson KS. Parasite Dispersal From the Ornamental Goldfish Trade. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 100:239-281. [PMID: 29753340 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Goldfish, Carassius auratus Linnaeus, 1758, are immensely popular ornamental cyprinid fish, traded in more than 100 countries. For more than 500 years, human translocation has facilitated the spread of goldfish globally, which has enabled numerous and repeated introductions of parasite taxa that infect them. The parasite fauna assemblage of goldfish is generally well documented, but few studies provide evidence of parasite coinvasion following the release of goldfish. This review provides a comprehensive synopsis of parasites that infect goldfish in farmed, aquarium-held, native, and invasive populations globally and summarises evidence for the cointroduction and coinvasion of goldfish parasites. More than 113 species infect goldfish in their native range, of which 26 species have probably coinvaded with the international trade of goldfish. Of these, Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidae), Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora: Ichthyophthiriidae), Argulus japonicus (Crustacea: Argulidae), Lernaea cyprinacea (Crustacea: Ergasilidae), Dactylogyrus anchoratus, Dactylogyrus vastator and Dactylogyrus formosus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) are common to invasive goldfish populations in more than four countries and are considered a high risk of continued spread. Coinvasive parasites include species with direct and complex life cycles, which have successfully colonised new environments through utilisation of either new native hosts or suitable invasive hosts. Specifically, I. multifiliis, A. japonicus and L. cyprinacea can cause harm to farmed freshwater fish species and are important parasites to consider for biosecurity. These species may threaten other aquatic animal industries given their low host specificity and adaptable life histories. Future attention to biosecurity, management and border detection methods could limit the continued spread of exotic parasites from the ornamental trade of goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Trujillo-González
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
| | - Joy A Becker
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate S Hutson
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Fernandes BMM, Malta JCO, Morias AM. Porangatus ceteyusn. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Zoogonidae): A Parasite ofHoplosternum littorale(Pisces: Callichthyidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil. COMP PARASITOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1654/4631.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Topography and ultrastructure of the tegument of Deropristis inflata Molin, 1859 (Digenea: Deropristidae), a parasite of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Osteichthyes: Anguillidae). Parasitol Res 2012; 112:517-28. [PMID: 23052788 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The tegumental ultrastructure of the intestine fluke Deropristis inflata was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The surface of the tegument was covered by transverse cytoplasmic ridges from which protrude numerous thorn-like spines showing crenelated tips on the posterior part. Spines were arranged in staggered rows. Cobblestone-like units of the tegument were observed on a semicircle-shaped formation over the oral sucker. A tegumental excrescence was observed in the dorsal anterior side of the fluke. Ultrastructural study revealed that the tegument of D. inflata had a typical syncytial organization with a distal cytoplasm lying over a basal matrix and cytons. Cytoplasmic bridges allowed transit of secretory vesicles and granules packed in gland cells. Two types of sensory structures were examined. Type 1 sensory receptor was a button-like uniciliated papilla mounted on a folded tegumental base and surrounded by cytoplasmic ridges. This receptor consisted of a nerve bulb and a cilium that extended from a centriole. Type 2 sensory receptor was a smooth bulb-like non-ciliated papilla. It was only recovered on the ventral sucker. This receptor consisted of a nerve bulb enclosing an ovoid electron-dense structure. For both receptors, the nerve bulbs contained numerous mitochondria, nerve fibers, and electron-lucent material. Particular distributions of the sensory receptors were observed with a concentration on the anterior third of the body around the oral and ventral suckers. Diagrams were made to help in understanding the nature of these structures.
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Filippi JJ, Quilichini Y, Foata J, Marchand B. Topography and ultrastructure of the tegument of Lecithochirium musculus (Digenea: Hemiuridae), a parasite of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Osteichthyes: Anguillidae). J Morphol 2011; 273:361-70. [PMID: 22109611 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.11032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The tegumental ultrastructure of the stomach fluke Lecithochirium musculus was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The surface of the tegument was smooth and covered by transverse cytoplasmic ridges. Cobblestone-like units of the tegument were observed on the ventral surface. Invagination and evagination of the ecsoma induced variations in the tegumental surface. The ultrastructural study revealed that the tegument of L. musculus had a typical syncytial organization with a distal cytoplasm lying over a basal matrix and cytons. Two types of intra-tegumental sensory structures were observed. Type 1 sensory receptor was a domed-like fusiform structure consisting of a smooth elevation of the tegument. Four receptors of this type were observed on the anterior dorsal surface of the fluke. Three nerve bulbs filled with electron-lucent material and mitochondria composed this receptor. Hemispherical electron-dense collars were observed at the top of the nerve bulbs. Striated rootlets laid just beneath the hemispherical electron-dense collars. Type 2 sensory receptor presented two morphological variations, i.e., a bulb-like monolobed structure, and a bulb-like bilobed structure observed at two different degrees of evagination. For both variations, the nerve bulb enclosed mitochondria, electron-lucent material, and a conical electron-dense collar from which extended a striated rootlet. Numerous sensory receptors of this type were observed around the ventral sucker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-José Filippi
- Parasites and Mediterranean Ecosystems Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6134 SPE, University of Corsica Pascal Paoli, Corte, France.
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Han ET, Choi MS, Choi SY, Chai JY. Surface ultrastructure of juvenile and adult Acanthoparyphium tyosenense (Digenea: Echinostomatidae). J Parasitol 2011; 97:1049-54. [PMID: 21711106 DOI: 10.1645/ge-2858.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The tegumental ultrastructure of juvenile and adult Acanthoparyphium tyosenense (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) was observed by scanning electron microscopy. One- to 3-day-old juveniles and 10-day-old adults were harvested from chicks experimentally fed metacercariae from a bivalve, Mactra veneriformis. The juvenile worms were minute, curved ventrally, and had 23 collar spines characteristically arranged in a single row. The lips of the oral sucker had 7 single aciliated sensory papillae and 4 grouped uniciliated sensory papillae. The ventral sucker had 25 aciliated round swellings on its lip. The anterolateral surface between the 2 suckers was densely packed with tongue-shaped tegumental spines, and the ventral surface just posterior to the ventral sucker was covered with peg-like spines. Retractile, peg-like spines were seen on the anterolateral surface, whereas scale-like spines with round tips and broad bases were sparsely distributed posterior to the ventral sucker. The cirrus was characteristically protruding and armed with minute spines. The surface ultrastructure of A. tyosenense was unique, especially in the number and arrangement of collar spines, shape, and distribution of tegumental spines and in distribution of sensory papillae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Filippi JJ, Quilichini Y, Foata J, Marchand B. Topography and ultrastructure of the tegument of Bucephalus anguillae (Digenea: Bucephalidae), a parasite of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Osteichthyen: Anguillidae). J Parasitol 2010; 96:1102-11. [PMID: 21158617 DOI: 10.1645/ge-2498.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The tegumental ultrastructure of the intestinal fluke Bucephalus anguillae was studied with the use of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The surface of the tegument is covered by transverse ridges from which protrude numerous closely packed, digitated, and claw-shaped spines. Cobblestone-like units of the tegument were observed on the crescent-shaped formation of the rhynchus and at the posterior part of the body. Three types of sensory structures were examined, i.e., 2 uniciliated receptors and 1 without cilia. As anterior-posterior differences were observed, particular attention was given to spines and sensory receptors. Spine insertion zones and average cilia length are variable between anterior and posterior tegument areas. Ultrastructural study revealed that the tegument of B. anguillae has a typical syncytial organization with a distal cytoplasm lying over a basal matrix and cytons below. Cytoplasmic bridges allowed transit of secretory vesicles and granules. Diagrams of spines and sensory receptors were made to help in understanding the nature of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-José Filippi
- CNRS UMR 6134 SPE, University of Corsica Pascal Paoli, Parasites and Mediterranean Ecosystems Laboratory, B.P. 52, 20250 Corte, France.
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Simões SBE, Barbosa HS, Santos CP. The life cycle of Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa (Digenea: Heterophyidae), a causative agent of fish-borne trematodosis. Acta Trop 2010; 113:226-33. [PMID: 19896920 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The complete life cycle of the trematode Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa (Digenea: Heterophyidae) is elucidated by natural observation validated by experimental infections. The natural first intermediate host of A. (P.) longa, an agent of human heterophyiasis in Brazil, is the cochliopid snail Heleobia australis (new first intermediate host). Metacercariae were found encysted in the body musculature, heart, stomach, liver, kidney, spleen, gonads and mesentery of mullets Mugil liza. Hamsters Mesocricetus auratus were experimentally infected with metacercariae of A. (P.) longa obtained from the mullets, and the adults recovered were used to infect the snails H. australis. Rediae and cercariae of A. (P.) longa are described for the first time. The ultrastructure of the tegument of A. (P.) longa shows a change in spination pattern from the cercaria with single-pointed spines to the metacercaria and adult with multipointed, brush-shaped spines. The life cycle of A. (P.) longa is related to estuaries and coastal lagoons where the recruitment of mugilid juveniles occurs. The high prevalence (100%) of A. (P.) longa encysted in the mullets examined within the urban area of Rio de Janeiro indicates the potentially great public health impact of the consumption of raw mullets.
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Simões SBE, Scholz T, Barbosa HS, Santos CP. TAXONOMIC STATUS, REDESCRIPTION, AND SURFACE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ASCOCOTYLE (PHAGICOLA) PINDORAMENSIS N. COMB. (DIGENEA: HETEROPHYIDAE). J Parasitol 2006; 92:501-8. [PMID: 16883992 DOI: 10.1645/ge-757r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pygidiopsis pindoramensis Travassos, 1928, is redescribed from the holotype and specimens obtained from experimental infections of hamsters with metacercariae of the naturally infected poeciliids Poecilia vivipara and Phalloptychus januarius from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ascocotyle (Phagicola) pindoramensis (Travassos, 1928) n. comb. is proposed, based on the presence of a solid, tapering muscular posterior prolongation of the oral sucker and Ascocotyle (Phagicola) mollienisicola (Sogandares-Bernal and Bridgman, 1960) is synonymized with A. (P.) pindoramensis because of the identical morphology and measurements of adults and metacercariae, similar spectrum of fish intermediate hosts (poeciliids), and the same site of infection of the metacercariae. Trematodes designated as Pygidiopsis pindoramensis, previously reported from Argentina and Mexico, represent another species of Pygidiopsis Looss, 1907, because they possess circumoral spines and their oral sucker is devoid of the posterior muscular prolongation. Data on the surface morphology of metacercariae and adults of A. (P.) pindoramensis are inferred from scanning electron microscopy observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Balmant Emerique Simões
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Owaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lee SU, Huh S, Sohn WM, Chai JY. Sequence comparisons of 28S ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I of Metagonimus yokogawai, M. takahashii and M. miyatai. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2004; 42:129-35. [PMID: 15381861 PMCID: PMC2717363 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2004.42.3.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We compared the DNA sequences of the genus Metagonimus: M. yokogawai, M. takahashii, and M. miyatai. We obtained 28S D1 ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) fragments from the adult worms by PCR, that were cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from the nucleotide sequences of the 28S D1 rDNA and mtCOI gene. M. takahashii and M. yokogawai are placed in the same clade supported by DNA sequence and phylogenic tree analysis in 28S D1 rDNA and mtCOI gene region. The above findings tell us that M. takahashii is closer to M. yokogawai than to M. miyatai genetically. This phylogenetic data also support the nomination of M. miyatai as a separate species.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- DNA, Helminth/chemistry
- DNA, Helminth/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/chemistry
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex IV/chemistry
- Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics
- Heterophyidae/classification
- Heterophyidae/enzymology
- Heterophyidae/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Trematode Infections/parasitology
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Ung Lee
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Repubic of Korea.
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Sohn WM, Seo M, Chai JY. Surface ultrastructure of the adult stage of Acanthotrema felis (Trematoda: Heterophyidae). THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2003; 41:107-11. [PMID: 12815322 PMCID: PMC2717488 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2003.41.2.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The surface ultrastructure of Acanthotrema felis (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) adults, recovered from a kitten experimentally infected with the metacercariae, was observed using a scanning electron microscope. The worm was leaf-like, ventrally concave and covered with scale-like multi-pointed tegumental spines. The spines on the anterior surface were short but broad, and had 10-12 pointed tips. The cytoplasmic processes protruded around the spines, like pockets for the spines. The ventrogenital opening was crescent, or kidney-shaped, and had protuberances with minute spines on its surrounding tegument. The spines on the posterior surface were long, but narrow, with 6-8 pointed tips. The cytoplasmic processes on this tegument were ridge-like, and elevated along the row of the spines. The surface ultrastructure of A. felis is generally similar to that of other heterophyid flukes, but some features are characteristic, and may be of taxonomic and bio-ecological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 660-751, Korea.
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Chai JY, Sohn WM, Choi SY, Lee SH. Surface ultrastructure of Pygidiopsis summa (Digenea: Heterophyidae) adult flukes. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2002; 40:107-12. [PMID: 12325439 PMCID: PMC2721036 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2002.40.3.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A scanning electron microscopic study was performed on the surface ultrastructure of Pygidiopsis summa (Digenea: Heterophyidae) adults. Metacercariae were collected from gills and muscles of mullets (Mugil cephalus) caught in a known endemic area, and adult flukes were harvested from dogs after 8 weeks of experimental infection. The worm was calabash form with its posterior part broader than the anterior part. Tegumental spines were densely distributed over the body surface, except on the suckers and genital apparatus, and around the excretory pore. Well differentiated spines were observed on the anterior half of the body, with 14-16 tips ventrally, and 19-20 tips dorsally. On the oral sucker, three pairs of type I sensory papillae (uni-ciliated knob-like swellings) and one pair of type II sensory papillae (aciliated round-swellings) were observed on the anterior and posterior parts of the lip, respectively. On the lip of the ventral sucker, one pair of type II sensory papillae was distributed only on its posterior part. Sperms were seen emerging from or entering into the genital apparatus. The results showed that the surface ultrastructure of P. summa was unique among the heterophyid trematodes, especially in digitation of tegumental spines and in distribution of sensory papillae on oral and ventral suckers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yil Chai
- Department of Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
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Butcher AR, Brealey JK, Grove DI, Dymock RB. Brachylaima cribbi (Digenea: Brachylaimidae): scanning electron microscopical observations of the life-cycle stages. J Helminthol 2002; 76:207-15. [PMID: 12363373 DOI: 10.1079/joh2002119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Brachylaima cribbi is a recently described species of terrestrial trematode that infects mammals and birds with helicid land snails as its first and second intermediate hosts. The adult worm is 2.5-6.0 mm long by 0.5-0.8 mm wide being a long slender cylindrical worm with oral and ventral suckers in the anterior quarter and genital pore in the posterior quarter. Scanning electron microscopy shows that there is a dense covering of tegumental spines at the anterior end which diminishes towards the posterior extremities of the worm. Development of spines was observed in juvenile and mature adult worms. In young worms 1-3 weeks post infection (wpi) spines appear as buds with a serrated edge each having 1-4 spikes per spine. As the worm ages the spines broaden and by 5 wpi the number of spikes per spine increases to an average of 8.1. The serial development of oral sucker papillae in the cercaria, metacercaria and adult worm was observed with the finding of an elongated papilla with a bifurcated tip on the cercaria becoming a shorter and thicker elongated papilla with a large central stoma on the metacercaria. In the adult worm, this papilla becomes dome-shaped with a small central stoma. For some of these papillae a cilium could be seen extended from the central stoma. Other life-cycle stages illustrated were the hatched egg with an extruded egg membrane minus an operculum and a portion of the branched sporocyst dissected from the digestive gland of the land snail Theba pisana showing a terminal birth pore. Scanning electron microscopy morphological features of the adult worm observed for the first time in a Brachylaima were the unarmed cirrus extended from the genital pore with released sperm present and the Laurer's canal opening visible in tegumental folds on the dorsal surface approximately 300 microm posterior to the genital pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Butcher
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Histopathology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville 5011, South Australia, Australia.
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Sohn WM, Woo HC, Hong SJ. Tegumental ultrastructures of Echinoparyphium recurvatum according to developmental stages. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2002; 40:67-73. [PMID: 12073731 PMCID: PMC2721045 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2002.40.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to observe tegumental ultrastructure of Echinoparyphium recurvatum according to developmental stages. Worms (1, 3, 5 and 15-day old) were recovered from chicks experimentally infected with metacercariae from Radix auricularia coreana. One-day old worms were elongated and ventrally concave, and covered with peg-like tegumental spines except the adjacent areas of the head crown and excretory pore. Type I sensory papillae were distributed on the lip of the oral sucker, and grouped ciliated papillae were around the oral sucker. Peg-like tegumental spines were densely distributed on the anterior surface of the ventral sucker level. The ventral sucker had an aspinous tegument and no sensory papillae. Tegumental spines on the posterior surface of the ventral sucker level were sparsely distributed and disappeared posteriorly. In 3 and 5-day old worms, the tegument around the oral sucker was aspinose and wrinkled concentrically. The ventral sucker had a wrinkled tegument and many bulbous papillae. Type I sensory papillae were distributed between the bulbous papillae. Tegumental spines were spade-shaped with a terminal tip. A total of 45 collar spines including 4 end group ones on both ventral corners was alternately arranged in 2 rows. The 15-day old worms were very stout and their tegumental spines were tongue-shaped without a terminal tip. From the above results, it is confirmed that the surface ultrastructure of E. recurvatum was generally similar to that of other echinostomatid flukes. However, some features, i.e., morphological change of tegumental spines and appearance of sensory papillae on the ventral sucker according to development, and number, shape and arrangement of collar spines, were characteristic, which may be of taxonomic and bioecological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Chinju, 660-751, Korea.
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