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Vargas-Villanueva JR, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez F, Garza-Ontiveros M, Nery-Flores SD, Campos-Múzquiz LG, Vazquez-Obregón D, Rodriguez-Herrera R, Palomo-Ligas L. Tubulin as a potential molecular target for resveratrol in Giardia lamblia trophozoites, in vitro and in silico approaches. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107026. [PMID: 37722447 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Giardia lamblia is a globally distributed protozoan parasite that causes intestinal disease. Recently, there is an increase in refractory cases of giardiasis to chemotherapeutic agents, and drugs available cause side effects that may limit its use or cause therapeutic non-compliance. Therefore, search for alternative and less harmful drugs to treat giardiasis is an important task. In this sense, resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol with a wide range of pharmacological effects such as antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of RSV on Giardia lamblia trophozoites in vitro and in silico, focusing on tubulin affectation, a major protein of the Giardia cytoskeleton which participates in relevant processes for cell survival. In vitro determinations showed that RSV inhibits parasite growth and adherence, causes morphological changes, and induces apoptosis-like cell death through tubulin alterations demonstrated by immunolocalization and Western blot assays. Bioinformatic analysis by molecular docking suggested that RSV binds to Giardia tubulin interface heterodimer, sharing binding residues to those reported with depolymerization inhibitors. These findings suggest that RSV affects microtubular dynamics and make it an interesting compound to study for its safety and antigiardiasic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filiberto Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44430, Mexico; División de Salud, Centro Universitario de Tlajomulco, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, 45641, Mexico
| | - Mariana Garza-Ontiveros
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila. Unidad Saltillo. Saltillo, Coahuila, 25280, Mexico
| | - Sendar Daniel Nery-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila. Unidad Saltillo. Saltillo, Coahuila, 25280, Mexico
| | | | - Dagoberto Vazquez-Obregón
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/ Instituto tecnológico de Saltillo. Departamento de Metal Mecánica. Saltillo, Coahuila 25280, Mexico
| | - Raul Rodriguez-Herrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila. Unidad Saltillo. Saltillo, Coahuila, 25280, Mexico
| | - Lissethe Palomo-Ligas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila. Unidad Saltillo. Saltillo, Coahuila, 25280, Mexico.
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Chang Y, Li J, Zhang L. Genetic diversity and molecular diagnosis of Giardia. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 113:105482. [PMID: 37451417 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Giardia is a genus of flagellated protozoan parasites that infect the small intestine of humans and animals, causing the diarrheal illness known as giardiasis. Giardia exhibits significant genetic diversity among its isolates, which can have important implications for disease transmission and clinical presentation. This diversity is influenced by the coevolution of Giardia with its host, resulting in the development of unique genetic assemblages with distinct phenotypic characteristics. Although panmixia has not been observed, some assemblages appear to have a broader host range and exhibit higher transmission rates. Molecular diagnostic methods enable researchers to examine the genetic diversity of Giardia populations, enhancing our understanding of the genetic diversity, population structure, and transmission patterns of this pathogen and providing insights into clinical presentations of giardiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Junqiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
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Kim J, Lee HY, Lee KH, Park SJ. Phosphorylation of Serine 148 in Giardia lamblia
End-binding 1 Protein is Important for Cell Division. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2016; 64:464-480. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul 03722 South Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul 03722 South Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Lee
- Department of Life Science; Sogang University; Seoul 04107 South Korea
| | - Soon-Jung Park
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul 03722 South Korea
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Lopez-Romero G, Quintero J, Astiazarán-García H, Velazquez C. Host defences againstGiardia lamblia. Parasite Immunol 2015; 37:394-406. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Lopez-Romero
- Coordinación de Nutrición; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C.; Hermosillo Sonora México
| | - J. Quintero
- Department of Chemistry-Biology; University of Sonora; Hermosillo Sonora México
| | - H. Astiazarán-García
- Coordinación de Nutrición; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C.; Hermosillo Sonora México
| | - C. Velazquez
- Department of Chemistry-Biology; University of Sonora; Hermosillo Sonora México
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Characterization of microtubule-binding and dimerization activity of Giardia lamblia end-binding 1 protein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97850. [PMID: 24828878 PMCID: PMC4020936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
End-binding 1 (EB1) proteins are evolutionarily conserved components of microtubule (MT) plus-end tracking protein that regulate MT dynamics. Giardia lamblia, with two nuclei and cytoskeletal structures, requires accurate MT distribution for division. In this study, we show that a single EB1 homolog gene of G. lamblia regulates MT dynamics in mitosis. The haemagglutinin-tagged G. lamblia EB1 (GlEB1) localizes to the nuclear envelopes and median bodies, and is transiently present in mitotic spindles of dividing cells. Knockdown of GlEB1 expression using the morpholinos-based anti-EB1 oligonucleotides, resulted in a significant defect in mitosis of Giardia trophozoites. The MT-binding assays using recombinant GlEB1 (rGlEB1) proteins demonstrated that rGlEB1102–238, but not rGlEB11–184, maintains an MT-binding ability comparable with that of the full length protein, rGlEB11–238. Size exclusion chromatography showed that rGlEB1 is present as a dimer formed by its C-terminal domain and a disulfide bond. In vitro-mutagenesis of GlEB1 indicated that an intermolecular disulfide bond is made between cysteine #13 of the two monomers. Complementation assay using the BIM1 knockout mutant yeast, the yeast homolog of mammalian EB1, indicated that expression of the C13S mutant GlEB1 protein cannot rescue the mitotic defect of the BIM1 mutant yeast. These results suggest that dimerization of GlEB1 via the 13th cysteine residues plays a role during mitosis in Giardia.
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Ryan U, Cacciò SM. Zoonotic potential of Giardia. Int J Parasitol 2013; 43:943-56. [PMID: 23856595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis (syn. Giardia lamblia and Giardia intestinalis) is a common intestinal parasite of humans and mammals worldwide. Assessing the zoonotic transmission of the infection requires molecular characterization as there is considerable genetic variation within G. duodenalis. To date eight major genetic groups (assemblages) have been identified, two of which (A and B) are found in both humans and animals, whereas the remaining six (C to H) are host-specific and do not infect humans. Sequence-based surveys of single loci have identified a number of genetic variants (genotypes) within assemblages A and B in animal species, some of which may have zoonotic potential. Multi-locus typing data, however, has shown that in most cases, animals do not share identical multi-locus types with humans. Furthermore, interpretation of genotyping data is complicated by the presence of multiple alleles that generate "double peaks" in sequencing files from PCR products, and by the potential exchange of genetic material among isolates, which may account for the non-concordance in the assignment of isolates to specific assemblages. Therefore, a better understanding of the genetics of this parasite is required to allow the design of more sensitive and variable subtyping tools, that in turn may help unravel the complex epidemiology of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Ryan
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia, Australia.
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Pestehchian N, Rasekh H, Babaei Z, Yousefi HA, Eskandarian AA, Kazemi M, Akbari M. Identification of genotypes of Giardia duodenalis human isolates in Isfahan, Iran, using polymerase chain reaction - Restriction Fragment Length polymorphism. Adv Biomed Res 2012; 1:84. [PMID: 23946932 PMCID: PMC3724326 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.105166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giardia duodenalis is one of the most prevalent intestinal parasites of human. It also infects a wide range of mammals. Two genotype of G.duodenalis (A and B) were commonly reported among humans with different frequency of distribution in different geographical locations. This work was conducted to discriminate genotypes of Giardia duodenalis human isolates in Isfahan city using PCR- RFLP. This is the first molecular study on human isolates of G.duodenalis in the area. METHODS Samples were collected from different health centers of Isfahan city during June 2011 and February 2012. From 175 Giardia positive stool samples 67 specimens were selected randomly. Cysts of Giardia positive samples were concentrated by flotation sucrose. Extraction of genomic DNA from trophozoite and cysts was performed using QIAamp Stool Mini kit with a modified protocol. PCR- RFLP method was used to amplify a fragment of 458bp at the glutamate dehydrogenase locus, and restriction enzymes BspLI and RsaI differentiated human genotypes A and B and their subgroups. RESULTS PCR - RFLP assay of 67 isolates showed 40(59.7%) isolates as Genotype A group II, 23(34.32%) samples as Genotype B Group III and two (2.98%) sample as Genotype B group IV. Mixed genotype of (AII and B) was detected only in two isolates (2.98%). CONCLUSIONS PCR - RFLP assay targeting gdh locus is a sensitive tool and discriminates genotypes, sub genotypes and mixed type of G.duodenalis. Results of our study suggest both anthroponotic and zoonotic origins for the infections respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Pestehchian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Lee HY, Hyung S, Lee JW, Kim J, Shin MH, Ryu JS, Park SJ. Identification of antigenic proteins in Trichomonas vaginalis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2011; 49:79-83. [PMID: 21461274 PMCID: PMC3063931 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2011.49.1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease due to infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, and it can cause serious consequences for women's health. To study the virulence factors of this pathogen, T. vaginalis surface proteins were investigated using polyclonal antibodies specific to the membrane fractions of T. vaginalis. The T. vaginalis expression library was constructed by cloning the cDNA derived from mRNA of T. vaginalis into a phage λ Uni-ZAP XR vector, and then used for immunoscreening with the anti-membrane proteins of T. vaginalis antibodies. The immunoreactive proteins identified included adhesion protein AP65-1, α-actinin, kinesin-associated protein, teneurin, and 2 independent hypothetical proteins. Immunofluorescence assays showed that AP65-1, one of the identified immunogenic clones, is prevalent in the whole body of T. vaginalis. This study led us to identify T. vaginalis proteins which may stimulate immune responses by human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Post Brain Korea 21 Program, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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