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Kaur S, Shukla P. Cerebral sparganosis masquerading brain neoplasm: A rare incidental case. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 41:101-103. [PMID: 36404193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sparganosis is a parasitic infection caused by plerocercoid larvae of the genera Spirometra. Cerebral sparganosis is one of its most serious complications wherein clinical and imaging findings may pose diagnostic challenge. Here we present a case of cerebral sparganosis which mimicked as brain tumour on clinicoradiological examination. The case is reported in view of its rarity in India and the need for awareness of the entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhpreet Kaur
- Department of Pathology, Institution - Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Under ICMR, GOI, Bhopal, India.
| | - Prakriti Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Institution - Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Under ICMR, GOI, Bhopal, India
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Okino T, Yamasaki H, Yamamoto Y, Fukuma Y, Kurebayashi J, Sanuki F, Moriya T, Ushirogawa H, Saito M. A case of human breast sparganosis diagnosed as Spirometra Type I by molecular analysis in Japan. Parasitol Int 2021; 84:102383. [PMID: 34044106 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 92-year-old Japanese woman presented with a mass in the left breast, and sparganosis was suspected by biopsy of the mass. The mass disappeared once, but it reappeared at the same site one year later. For a definitive diagnosis, the mass was surgically removed, and a sparganum-like worm was detected. The causative agent was confirmed as Spirometra Type I (most probably Spirometra mansoni) by mitochondrial DNA analysis. The serological examination also proved the case as sparganosis. Considering the presence of two Spirometra species (Type I and II) in Asia, particularly Japan, molecular analysis of the causative agents is highly recommended to understand the epidemiology, infection sources, and pathogenicity in humans in both species, if the parasite specimens are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Okino
- Department of Microbiology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yamasaki
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamamoto
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yuna Fukuma
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Junichi Kurebayashi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Sanuki
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Takuya Moriya
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ushirogawa
- Department of Microbiology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Mineki Saito
- Department of Microbiology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
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Yamasaki H, Sanpool O, Rodpai R, Sadaow L, Laummaunwai P, Un M, Thanchomnang T, Laymanivong S, Aung WPP, Intapan PM, Maleewong W. Spirometra species from Asia: Genetic diversity and taxonomic challenges. Parasitol Int 2020; 80:102181. [PMID: 32898662 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable controversy concerning the taxonomy of species within the genus Spirometra, human sparganosis and spirometrosis mainly in Asia and Europe has long been confidently ascribed to Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. Recently, the mitochondrial genomes of purported "S. erinaceieuropaei", "Spirometra decipiens" and "Spirometra ranarum" from Asia have been determined. However, it has been pointed out that the morphological criteria used for identifying these species are unsuitable and thus these identifications are questionable. In the present study, therefore, Spirometra samples from Asia were re-examined based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene sequences and the identification of these species was discussed. Haplotype network and phylogenetic analyses revealed that: i) two distinct Spirometra species, Type I and Type II, are present in Asia and neither of which is close to likely European "S. erinaceieuropaei"; ii) Type I is genetically diverse and widely distributed, however Type II is known so far from Japan and Korea; iii) "S. decipiens" and "S. ranarum" reported from Asia are conspecific with Type I; iv) Type I is probably conspecific with Spirometra mansoni, and Type II may represent an undescribed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamasaki
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Oranuch Sanpool
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Rutchanee Rodpai
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Lakkhana Sadaow
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Porntip Laummaunwai
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Mesa Un
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tongjit Thanchomnang
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Sakhone Laymanivong
- Centre of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Win Pa Pa Aung
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Pewpan M Intapan
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Hwang M, Baek HJ, Lee SM. Apparent Sparganosis Presenting as a Palpable Neck Mass: A Case Report and Review of Literature. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF RADIOLOGY 2020; 81:1210-1215. [PMID: 36238024 PMCID: PMC9431856 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2019.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sparganosis is an uncommon human parasitic infection caused by plerocercoid cysts of the genus Spirometra. Sparganosis of the neck is a rare condition, thus making it difficult to diagnose. It is often initially misdiagnosed as a lymphadenopathy or a soft tissue tumor. Herein, we describe a rare case of apparent sparganosis presenting as a palpable mass in the left neck of a 53-year-old female patient. Imaging studies played a key role in the diagnosis. In this case report, we emphasize that sparganosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a palpable superficial mass. We also stress the importance of meticulous radiological review in the context of appropriate clinical suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Baek
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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Follow-up study of high-dose praziquantel therapy for cerebral sparganosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007018. [PMID: 30640909 PMCID: PMC6331082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral sparganosis is the most serious complication of human sparganosis. Currently, there is no standard for the treatment of inoperable patients. Conventional-dose praziquantel therapy is the most reported treatment. However, the therapeutic outcomes are not very effective. High-dose praziquantel therapy is a useful therapeutic choice for many parasitic diseases that is well tolerated by patients, but it has not been sufficiently evaluated for cerebral sparganosis. This study aims to observe the prognoses following high-dose praziquantel therapy in inoperable patients and the roles of MRI and peripheral eosinophil absolute counts during follow-up. Methodology Baseline and follow-up epidemiological, clinical, radiological and therapeutic data related to 10 inoperable patients with cerebral sparganosis that were treated with repeated courses of high-dose praziquantel therapy, with each course consisting of 25 mg/kg thrice daily for 10 days were assessed, followed by analyses of the prognoses, MRI findings and peripheral eosinophil absolute counts. Principal findings Baseline clinical data: the clinical symptoms recorded included seizures, hemiparesis, headache, vomiting and altered mental status. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was found in 3 patients. The baseline radiological findings were as follows. Motile lesions were observed in 10 patients, including aggregated ring-like enhancements, tunnel signs, serpiginous and irregular enhancements. Nine of the 10 patients had varying degrees of white matter degeneration, cortical atrophy and ipsilateral ventricle dilation. The follow-up clinical data were as follows. Clinical symptom relief was found in 8 patients, symptoms were eliminated in 1 patient, and symptoms showed no change from baseline in 1 patient. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was found in 2 patients. The follow-up radiological findings were as follows. Motile lesions that were transformed into stable, chronic lesions were found in 8 patients, and motile lesions that were eliminated completely were found in 2 patients. Conclusions High-dose praziquantel therapy for cerebral sparganosis is effective. The radiological outcomes of motile lesions are an important indicator during the treatment process, especially during follow-ups after clinical symptoms have improved. Peripheral eosinophil absolute counts cannot be used as an effective prognostic indicator. Sparganosis is a rare parasitic disease with a high prevalence in East Asia. Because of limited radiological technology and clinical experience, the prevalence of cerebral sparganosis is likely underestimated in developing countries. Cerebral sparganosis is the most serious complication of human sparganosis. Currently, it is generally believed that the most effective treatment for cerebral sparganosis is surgical treatment. However, the choice of treatment is a challenge for inoperable patients, including those with multifocal lesions or lesions in deep structures or important functional areas and those refusing invasive treatment due to personal willingness. Currently, there is no standard for the treatment of inoperable patients. In addition, anthelmintic treatment for sparganosis has rarely been reported in the literature. High-dose praziquantel therapy is a useful therapeutic choice for many cerebral parasitic diseases, including neurocysticercosis, and is well tolerated for patients, but it has not been sufficiently evaluated for the treatment of cerebral sparganosis. This study aims to describe the clinical, radiological and therapeutic data following high-dose praziquantel therapy for ten inoperable patients. All patients reached clinical cure after one to five courses. These results suggest that high-dose praziquantel therapy for cerebral sparganosis could achieve favorable outcomes and that MRI plays an important role in follow-up, especially when clinical symptoms have improved.
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Abstract
Human sparganosis is a parasite infection caused by the larva of a tapeworm of the genus Spirometra. Ocular, central nervous system, auricular, pulmonary, intraosseous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous manifestations of this infection in the neck or inguinal region have been described.The authors report the rare occurrence of cutaneous forehead sparganosis of a 19-year-old male who presented with a soft subcutaneous mass in the forehead, along with a related literature review.
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Oda FH, Borteiro C, da Graça RJ, Tavares LER, Crampet A, Guerra V, Lima FS, Bellay S, Karling LC, Castro O, Takemoto RM, Pavanelli GC. Parasitism by larval tapeworms genus Spirometra in South American amphibians and reptiles: new records from Brazil and Uruguay, and a review of current knowledge in the region. Acta Trop 2016; 164:150-164. [PMID: 27613585 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spargana are plerocercoid larvae of cestode tapeworms of the genus Spirometra, Family Diphyllobothriidae, parasitic to frogs, reptiles, birds and mammals. This parasitic disease in humans can be transmitted through the use and consumption of amphibians and reptiles. The available knowledge about Spirometra in South America is scarce, and there are only a few reports on the occurrence of sparganum in amphibians and reptiles, many of them published in old papers not easily available to researchers. In this work we present a review on this topic, provide new records in two species of amphibians and 7 species of reptiles from Brazil and Uruguay respectively. We also summarize current knowledge of Spirometra in the continent, along with an updated of host taxonomy. We could gather from the literature a total of 15 studies about amphibian and reptile hosts, published between 1850 and 2016, corresponding to 43 case reports, mostly from Brazil (29) and Uruguay (8), Argentina (3), Peru (2), and Venezuela (1); the majority of them related to reptiles (five lizards and 26 snake species), and 14 corresponded to amphibians (9 anurans). Plerocercoid larvae were located in different organs of the hosts, such as subcutaneous tissue, coelomic cavity, peritoneum, and musculature. The importance of amphibians and reptiles in the transmission of the disease to humans in South America is discussed. Relevant issues to be studied in the near future are the taxonomic characterization of Spirometra in the region and the biological risk of reptile meat for aboriginal and other rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício H Oda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Centro Universitário Cesumar - UniCesumar, Avenida Guedner 1610, Jardim Aclimação, CEP 87050-390, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Claudio Borteiro
- Sección Herpetología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, 25 de mayo 582, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Rodrigo J da Graça
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eduardo R Tavares
- Departamento de Patologia, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária S/N, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Alejandro Crampet
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1500, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Vinicius Guerra
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Flávia S Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Sybelle Bellay
- Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Letícia C Karling
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança, Km 04, s/n Comunidade de São Cristóvão, CEP 85660-000, Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Oscar Castro
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1500, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Ricardo M Takemoto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Gilberto C Pavanelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Centro Universitário Cesumar - UniCesumar, Avenida Guedner 1610, Jardim Aclimação, CEP 87050-390, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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Liu Q, Li MW, Wang ZD, Zhao GH, Zhu XQ. Human sparganosis, a neglected food borne zoonosis. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015; 15:1226-1235. [PMID: 26364132 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human sparganosis is a food borne zoonosis caused by the plerocercoid larvae (spargana) of various diphyllobothroid tapeworms of the genus Spirometra. Human infections are acquired by ingesting the raw or undercooked meat of snakes or frogs, drinking untreated water, or using raw flesh in traditional poultices. More than 1600 cases of sparganosis have been documented worldwide, mostly in east and southeast Asia. Sporadic cases have been reported in South America, Europe, and Africa, and several cases have been described in travellers returning from endemic regions. Epidemiological data suggest that the increased effect of sparganosis on human health is because of greater consumption of raw meat of freshwater frogs and snakes. This Review provides information about the Spirometra parasites and their lifecycles, summarises clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of human sparganosis, and describes geographical distribution and infection characteristics of Spirometra parasites in host animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China; Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguangyan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-Dong Wang
- Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
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Bennett HM, Mok HP, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Tsai IJ, Stanley EJ, Antoun NM, Coghlan A, Harsha B, Traini A, Ribeiro DM, Steinbiss S, Lucas SB, Allinson KSJ, Price SJ, Santarius TS, Carmichael AJ, Chiodini PL, Holroyd N, Dean AF, Berriman M. The genome of the sparganosis tapeworm Spirometra erinaceieuropaei isolated from the biopsy of a migrating brain lesion. Genome Biol 2015. [PMID: 25413302 PMCID: PMC4265353 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-014-0510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sparganosis is an infection with a larval Diphyllobothriidea tapeworm. From a rare cerebral case presented at a clinic in the UK, DNA was recovered from a biopsy sample and used to determine the causative species as Spirometra erinaceieuropaei through sequencing of the cox1 gene. From the same DNA, we have produced a draft genome, the first of its kind for this species, and used it to perform a comparative genomics analysis and to investigate known and potential tapeworm drug targets in this tapeworm. RESULTS The 1.26 Gb draft genome of S. erinaceieuropaei is currently the largest reported for any flatworm. Through investigation of β-tubulin genes, we predict that S. erinaceieuropaei larvae are insensitive to the tapeworm drug albendazole. We find that many putative tapeworm drug targets are also present in S. erinaceieuropaei, allowing possible cross application of new drugs. In comparison to other sequenced tapeworm species we observe expansion of protease classes, and of Kuntiz-type protease inhibitors. Expanded gene families in this tapeworm also include those that are involved in processes that add post-translational diversity to the protein landscape, intracellular transport, transcriptional regulation and detoxification. CONCLUSIONS The S. erinaceieuropaei genome begins to give us insight into an order of tapeworms previously uncharacterized at the genome-wide level. From a single clinical case we have begun to sketch a picture of the characteristics of these organisms. Finally, our work represents a significant technological achievement as we present a draft genome sequence of a rare tapeworm, and from a small amount of starting material.
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Multiple sparganosis. Arch Plast Surg 2014; 41:181. [PMID: 24665429 PMCID: PMC3961618 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2014.41.2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Lee YI, Seo M, Park HW. Recurred sparganosis 1 year after surgical removal of a sparganum in a Korean woman. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2014; 52:75-8. [PMID: 24623886 PMCID: PMC3948998 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sparganosis, an infection due to the plerocercoid of Spirometra erinacei, are found worldwide but the majority of cases occur in East Asia including Korea. This report is on a recurred case of sparganosis in the subcutaneous tissue of the right lower leg 1 year after a surgical removal of a worm from a similar region. At admission, ultrasonography (USG) of the lesion strongly suggested sparganosis, and a worm was successfully removed which turned out to be a sparganum with scolex. Since sparganum has a variable life span, and may develop into a life-threatening severe case, a patient once diagnosed as sparganosis should be properly followed-up for a certain period of time. Although imaging modalities were useful for the diagnosis of sparganosis as seen in this case, serological test such as ELISA should also be accompanied so as to support the preoperative diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Il Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Min Seo
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
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Kim JI, Kim TW, Hong SM, Moon TY, Lee IS, Choi KU, Yu HS. Intramuscular sparganosis in the gastrocnemius muscle: a case report. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2014; 52:69-73. [PMID: 24623885 PMCID: PMC3948997 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sparganosis is a parasitic infection caused by the plerocercoid tapeworm larva of the genus Spirometra. Although the destination of the larva is often a tissue or muscle in the chest, abdominal wall, extremities, eyes, brain, urinary tract, spinal canal, and scrotum, intramuscular sparganosis is uncommon and therefore is difficult to distinguish from a soft tissue tumor. We report a case of intramuscular sparganosis involving the gastrocnemius muscle in an elderly patient who was diagnosed using ultrasonography and MRI and treated by surgical excision. At approximately 1 cm near the schwannoma at the right distal sciatic nerve, several spargana worms were detected and removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeung Il Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - Sung Min Hong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - Tae Yong Moon
- Department of Radiology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - In Sook Lee
- Department of Radiology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - Kyung Un Choi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea. ; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
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13
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Bennett HM, Mok HP, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Tsai IJ, Stanley EJ, Antoun NM, Coghlan A, Harsha B, Traini A, Ribeiro DM, Steinbiss S, Lucas SB, Allinson KSJ, Price SJ, Santarius TS, Carmichael AJ, Chiodini PL, Holroyd N, Dean AF, Berriman M. The genome of the sparganosis tapeworm Spirometra erinaceieuropaei isolated from the biopsy of a migrating brain lesion. Genome Biol 2014; 15:510. [PMID: 25413302 PMCID: PMC4265353 DOI: 10.1186/preaccept-2413673241432389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sparganosis is an infection with a larval Diphyllobothriidea tapeworm. From a rare cerebral case presented at a clinic in the UK, DNA was recovered from a biopsy sample and used to determine the causative species as Spirometra erinaceieuropaei through sequencing of the cox1 gene. From the same DNA, we have produced a draft genome, the first of its kind for this species, and used it to perform a comparative genomics analysis and to investigate known and potential tapeworm drug targets in this tapeworm. RESULTS The 1.26 Gb draft genome of S. erinaceieuropaei is currently the largest reported for any flatworm. Through investigation of β-tubulin genes, we predict that S. erinaceieuropaei larvae are insensitive to the tapeworm drug albendazole. We find that many putative tapeworm drug targets are also present in S. erinaceieuropaei, allowing possible cross application of new drugs. In comparison to other sequenced tapeworm species we observe expansion of protease classes, and of Kuntiz-type protease inhibitors. Expanded gene families in this tapeworm also include those that are involved in processes that add post-translational diversity to the protein landscape, intracellular transport, transcriptional regulation and detoxification. CONCLUSIONS The S. erinaceieuropaei genome begins to give us insight into an order of tapeworms previously uncharacterized at the genome-wide level. From a single clinical case we have begun to sketch a picture of the characteristics of these organisms. Finally, our work represents a significant technological achievement as we present a draft genome sequence of a rare tapeworm, and from a small amount of starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M Bennett
- />Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Parasite Genomics, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Hoi Ping Mok
- />Department of Infectious Diseases, Addenbrooke’s NHS Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | | | - Isheng J Tsai
- />Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Parasite Genomics, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
- />Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Eleanor J Stanley
- />Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Parasite Genomics, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
- />Eagle Genomics, Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT UK
| | - Nagui M Antoun
- />Department of Radiology, Addenbrookes’s NHS Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Avril Coghlan
- />Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Parasite Genomics, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Bhavana Harsha
- />Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Parasite Genomics, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Alessandra Traini
- />Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Parasite Genomics, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Diogo M Ribeiro
- />Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Parasite Genomics, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Sascha Steinbiss
- />Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Parasite Genomics, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Sebastian B Lucas
- />Department of Histopathology, St Thomas’s Hospital, London, SE1 UK
| | - Kieren SJ Allinson
- />Department of Histopathology Section, Addenbrookes’s NHS Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Stephen J Price
- />Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrookes’s NHS Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Thomas S Santarius
- />Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrookes’s NHS Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Andrew J Carmichael
- />Department of Infectious Diseases, Addenbrooke’s NHS Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Peter L Chiodini
- />Hospital for Tropical Diseases and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 6JD UK
| | - Nancy Holroyd
- />Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Parasite Genomics, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Andrew F Dean
- />Department of Histopathology Section, Addenbrookes’s NHS Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Matthew Berriman
- />Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Parasite Genomics, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
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14
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Tappe D, Berger L, Haeupler A, Muntau B, Racz P, Harder Y, Specht K, Prazeres da Costa C, Poppert S. Case report: Molecular diagnosis of subcutaneous Spirometra erinaceieuropaei sparganosis in a Japanese immigrant. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 88:198-202. [PMID: 23166198 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of subcutaneous sparganosis in a 68-year-old female Japanese immigrant in Germany. The patient complained of a painless erythema caudal of the umbilicus with a palpable subcutaneous cherry-sized lump. Polymerase chain reaction on formalin-fixed parasite tissue identified Spirometra erinaceieuropaei as the causative agent; the proliferative form of sparganosis, which is caused by the branching and disseminating Sparganum proliferum, could, thus, be excluded. From the excised sparganum, an immunofluorescence test was established and revealed an antibody response directed against the parasite's tegument. Histological key features of the plerocercoid that facilitate diagnosis with different stains are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Tappe
- Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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15
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Li YX, Ramsahye H, Yin B, Zhang J, Geng DY, Zee CS. Migration: a notable feature of cerebral sparganosis on follow-up MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 34:327-33. [PMID: 22859282 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral sparganosis is a rare parasitic infection caused by sparganum, which can migrate in the brain. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the migration of cerebral sparganosis and describe its patterns on MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR images of 14 patients with cerebral sparganosis treated from 2005 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Diagnosis was made on the basis of a constellation of clinical history, laboratory tests, imaging findings, and histopathology. At least 3 MR imaging studies were performed for each patient during the follow-up period ranging from 12 to 38 months. Time interval, sites, enhanced pattern, and presumed routes of migration were evaluated. RESULTS Both the initial lesions and migrated ones exhibited the "tunnel" sign and multiloculated rim enhancement. Migration was detected between 4 and 18 months after the baseline MR imaging in 14 lesions (in 14 patients), while 3 of 14 lesions showed a second migration between 22 and 38 months. Nearly all migrations were limited to the same hemisphere except for 2 contralateral migrations through the thalamus. Most of the migrations were in close proximity (within the same lobe, to the adjacent lobe, from the basal ganglia to the cortex, from the cerebellum to the pons and interthalamus) except 1 from the basal ganglia to the cerebellum. A signal change along the presumed route of migration was seen in 3 patients. CONCLUSIONS Migration is a notable feature of cerebral sparganosis. Demonstration of migration on MR imaging could be a key diagnostic clue and beneficial for the treatment policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-X Li
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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