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Choi JH, Kim SL, Yoo DK, Yi MH, Oh S, Kim M, Yun S, Yong TS, Choe S, Lee JK, Kim JY. Metabarcoding of pathogenic parasites based on copro-DNA analysis of wild animals in South Korea. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30059. [PMID: 38707283 PMCID: PMC11066388 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Four species of dominant wild animals, namely, Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, Hydropotes inermis argyropus, and Sus scrofa coreanus, are hosts of potential infectious agents, including helminths and protozoa. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the infectious agents present in these wild animals to monitor and control the spread of pathogens. In the present study, fecal samples from 51 wild animals were collected from the mountains of Yangpyeong, Hoengseong, and Cheongyang in South Korea and metabarcoding of the V9 region of the 18S rRNA gene was performed to identify various parasite species that infect these wild animals. Genes from nematodes, such as Metastrongylus sp., Strongyloides spp., Ancylostoma sp., and Toxocara sp., were detected in the fecal samples from wild animals. In addition, platyhelminthes, including Spirometra sp., Echinostomatidae gen. sp., Alaria sp., Neodiplostomum sp., and Clonorchis sp., and protozoa, including Entamoeba sp., Blastocystis sp., Isospora sp., Tritrichomonas sp., Pentatrichomonas sp., and Cryptosporidium sp., were detected. In the present study, various parasites infecting wild animals were successfully identified using metabarcoding. Our technique may play a crucial role in monitoring parasites within wild animals, especially those causing zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Choi
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Lim Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Yoo
- Division of Life Science, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-hee Yi
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Singeun Oh
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungjun Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Yun
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Soon Yong
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Choe
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Koo Lee
- Division of Life Science, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeong Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Practical relevance: Trichomonosis of the large intestine of the cat was described as a cause of chronic diarrhea over 20 years ago. The trichomonad was identified as Tritrichomonas foetus, with a genotype that is distinct from venereal T foetus of cattle. Clinical challenges: Despite multiple means for diagnosis of the infection, including light microscopy, protozoal culture and PCR amplification using species-specific primers, tests with even greater sensitivity are needed. Feline trichomonosis is resistant to all commonly used antiprotozoal drugs. Ronidazole is currently the only drug demonstrated to be effective in eliminating the infection from cats; however, this drug has a narrow safety margin and clinical resistance is increasingly recognized. The more we learn about trichomonosis in cats, the more complicated and controversial the infection has become, ranging from what we should call the organism to whether we should even bother trying to treat it. Global importance: Feline trichomonosis is recognized to occur worldwide and is regarded as one of the most common infectious causes of colitis in the domestic cat. The infection is widespread in catteries and shelters; and, while remission of diarrhea may occur over time, persistence of the infection is common. Evidence base: This review provides a comprehensive examination of what is currently known about feline trichomonosis and pinpoints areas, based on the authors' opinion, where further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody L Gookin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC, USA
| | - Katherine Hanrahan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC, USA
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Grellet A, Makhlouf SE, Desquilbet L, Hovhannessian F, Boogaerts C, Dore V, Anthony M, Espana B, Prouillac C, Kirilov P, Polack B, Perrot S. Efficacy of guar gum-based ronidazole capsules as a treatment for Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 19:177-184. [PMID: 26662037 PMCID: PMC10816555 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15621353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aims of the study were to determine the in vitro drug release of guar gum-coated capsules of ronidazole, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of this formulation for the treatment of cats naturally infected with Tritrichomonas foetus. Methods The pharmacokinetics of ronidazole were evaluated in five healthy cats and five cats infected with T foetus. In a second step, the clinical efficacy of these capsules was evaluated by a controlled, randomised, double-blind clinical trial performed in 47 infected cats from French catteries. In this study, cats were randomly allocated to either the ronidazole treatment group (n = 25) or a placebo group (n = 22). Ronidazole (30 mg/kg) q24h for 14 days was administered to the treated cats. After 14 days of treatment, the presence of T foetus was tested by conventional PCR assay. Results In the pharmacokinetic study, a delayed peak plasma concentration was observed in healthy and infected cats, with no significant difference between these two groups (mean geometric mean of 9 h for time to maximum plasma concentration [Tmax], 21.6 µg/ml for time to maximum plasma concentration [Cmax] and 467.4 μg/h/ml for the area under the curve [AUC] in healthy cats; and 9.4 h for Tmax, 17.1 µg/ml for Cmax and 481 μg/h/ml for AUC in infected cats). In the clinical trial, T foetus was detected in 16% of cats from the treated group and 82% of cats from the placebo group at the end of the study ( P <0.001). No clinical signs of adverse drug reactions were observed. Conclusions and relevance Oral administration of guar gum-coated capsules of ronidazole at a dose of 30 mg/kg once daily for 14 days delays the peak plasma concentration and eradicates infection in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Grellet
- Paris East University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, Livestock and Sport Medicine Unit, CHUVA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Seyf Eddine Makhlouf
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, EA4169 ‘Basic, Clinical and Therapeutic Skin Barrier Function’, SFR East Lyon Health, INSERM US 7, CNRS UMS 3453, ISPB, Laboratory of Galenic Industrial Pharmacy, FRIPHARM, Lyon, France
| | - Loic Desquilbet
- Paris East University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, Institute of Clinical Animal Research, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Cassandre Boogaerts
- Paris East University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, Livestock and Sport Medicine Unit, CHUVA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Vanessa Dore
- Paris East University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, Institute of Clinical Animal Research, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Myriam Anthony
- Paris East University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, Livestock and Sport Medicine Unit, CHUVA, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Paris East University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, Unit of Parasitology–Mycology Dermatology, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bernadette Espana
- VetAgro Sup Veterinary Campus of Lyon, Pharmacy and Toxicology Laboratory USC1233, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Caroline Prouillac
- VetAgro Sup Veterinary Campus of Lyon, Pharmacy and Toxicology Laboratory USC1233, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Plamen Kirilov
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, EA4169 ‘Basic, Clinical and Therapeutic Skin Barrier Function’, SFR East Lyon Health, INSERM US 7, CNRS UMS 3453, ISPB, Laboratory of Galenic Industrial Pharmacy, FRIPHARM, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Polack
- Paris East University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, Unit of Parasitology–Mycology Dermatology, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sébastien Perrot
- Paris East University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, Institute of Clinical Animal Research, Maisons-Alfort, France
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