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Franco PS, Scussel ACMO, Silva RJ, Araújo TE, Gonzaga HT, Marcon CF, Brito-de-Sousa JP, Diniz ALD, Paschoini MC, Barbosa BF, Martins-Filho OA, Mineo JR, Ferro EAV, Gomes AO. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis: Advances and Challenges. J Trop Med 2024; 2024:1514178. [PMID: 38419946 PMCID: PMC10901580 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1514178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To understand how congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) diagnosis has evolved over the years, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the kind of analysis that has been employed for CT diagnosis. Methods PubMed and Lilacs databases were used in order to access the kind of analysis that has been employed for CT diagnosis in several samples. Our search combined the following combining terms: "congenital toxoplasmosis" or "gestational toxoplasmosis" and "diagnosis" and "blood," "serum," "amniotic fluid," "placenta," or "colostrum." We extracted data on true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative to generate pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Random-effects models using MetaDTA were used for analysis. Results Sixty-five articles were included in the study aiming for comparisons (75.4%), diagnosis performance (52.3%), diagnosis improvement (32.3%), or to distinguish acute/chronic infection phases (36.9%). Amniotic fluid (AF) and placenta were used in 36.9% and 10.8% of articles, respectively, targeting parasites and/or T. gondii DNA. Blood was used in 86% of articles for enzymatic assays. Colostrum was used in one article to search for antibodies. In meta-analysis, PCR in AF showed the best performance for CT diagnosis based on the highest summary sensitivity (85.1%) and specificity (99.7%) added to lower magnitude heterogeneity. Conclusion Most of the assays being researched to diagnose CT are basically the same traditional approaches available for clinical purposes. The range in diagnostic performance and the challenges imposed by CT diagnosis indicate the need to better explore pregnancy samples in search of new possibilities for diagnostic tools. Exploring immunological markers and using bioinformatics tools and T. gondii recombinant antigens should address the research needed for a new generation of diagnostic tools to face these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Silva Franco
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila 2121, Uberlândia, Santa Mônica 38408-100, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaela José Silva
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila 2121, Uberlândia, Santa Mônica 38408-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Thadia Evelyn Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila 2121, Uberlândia, Santa Mônica 38408-100, MG, Brazil
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Henrique Tomaz Gonzaga
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila 2121, Uberlândia, Santa Mônica 38408-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Ferreira Marcon
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Frei Paulino, 30, Nossa Sra. da Abadia 38025-180, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Pedro Brito-de-Sousa
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila 2121, Uberlândia, Santa Mônica 38408-100, MG, Brazil
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Angélica Lemos Debs Diniz
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila 2121, Uberlândia, Santa Mônica 38408-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina Carvalho Paschoini
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Frei Paulino, 30, Nossa Sra. da Abadia 38025-180, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Bellisa Freitas Barbosa
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila 2121, Uberlândia, Santa Mônica 38408-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila 2121, Uberlândia, Santa Mônica 38408-100, MG, Brazil
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila 2121, Uberlândia, Santa Mônica 38408-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila 2121, Uberlândia, Santa Mônica 38408-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Angelica Oliveira Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Frei Paulino, 30, Nossa Sra. da Abadia 38025-180, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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Meroni V, Genco F, Scudeller L, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Fricker-Hidalgo H, L’Ollivier C, Paris L, Pelloux H. Diagnostic Accuracy of LDBIO-Toxo II IgG and IgM Western Blot in Suspected Seroconversion in Pregnancy: A Multicentre Study. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060665. [PMID: 35745519 PMCID: PMC9231380 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The high sensitivity of the automated tests used for Toxoplasma gondii serology can yield false-positive IgM results due to aspecific reactions. On the other hand, specific therapy can delay IgG production and, therefore, the diagnosis of seroconversion. There is a need for confirmation tests to early detect seroconversions during pregnancy. We conducted a multicentre study to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Toxo II IgG and a new, not yet commercialised Toxo II IgM western blot (WB) (LDBio diagnostics Lyon France) on 229 sera corresponding to 93 patients with seroconversions and 158 sera corresponding to 68 patients with nonspecific IgM. Sensitivity was 97.8% for IgM WB and 98.9% for IgG WB. Specificity was 89.7% and 100%, respectively. The concordance between IgM and IgG Toxo WB with the final diagnosis was very good, K = 0.89 and K = 0.99, respectively. In 5 cases (5.4%), the appearance of IgM, and in 55 cases (59.1%), the appearance of IgG was recorded by WB earlier than by traditional tests. In 10 cases (10.8%), IgM was detected after the traditional tests and in 2 cases (2.2%) for IgG. The association of IgG and IgM WB on the same sample not only detected all seroconversions but also correctly identified most of the false-positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Meroni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Francesca Genco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Luigia Scudeller
- UOC Innovation and Research, IRCCS University Hospital Sant’Orsola, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart
- Parasitology-Mycology, University Hospital and Grenoble-Alpes University, 38043 Grenoble, France; (M.-P.B.-P.); (H.F.-H.); (H.P.)
| | - Hélène Fricker-Hidalgo
- Parasitology-Mycology, University Hospital and Grenoble-Alpes University, 38043 Grenoble, France; (M.-P.B.-P.); (H.F.-H.); (H.P.)
| | - Coralie L’Ollivier
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Luc Paris
- APHP-Sorbonne Université, Parasitology-Mycology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1-42-16-01-60
| | - Hervé Pelloux
- Parasitology-Mycology, University Hospital and Grenoble-Alpes University, 38043 Grenoble, France; (M.-P.B.-P.); (H.F.-H.); (H.P.)
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Jean-Pierre V, Miozzo J, Fricker-Hidalgo H, Garnaud C, Robert MG, Pelloux H, Brenier-Pinchart MP. Serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: evaluation of the commercial test recomLine Toxoplasma IgG immunoblot (Mikrogen) based on recombinant antigens. Parasite 2022; 29:52. [PMCID: PMC9645231 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: IgG detection to determine immune status to Toxoplasma gondii infection and seroconversion mainly relies on ELISA techniques and, if necessary, on a confirmatory test, Western blot. This study evaluated the performance of the recomLine Toxoplasma IgG immunoblot (IB-recomLine) (Mikrogen) as a confirmatory test on a large number of sera. A total of 171 sera were selected (113 patients) and had previously been analyzed by two ELISA tests, ARCHITECT (Abbott) and VIDAS (bioMérieux) ± LDBIO-Toxo II IgG Western blot (WB-LDBIO) (LDBio). The sera were classified into three groups: group 1 included 50 sera without difficulty in interpreting the IgG results (patients with documented past infection or uninfected); group 2 included 47 sera with difficulty in interpreting the ELISA results; and group 3 included 74 sequential sera from 25 pregnant women with seroconversion. Results: In group 1, overall IgG agreements were 94% and 90% with ARCHITECT and VIDAS, respectively. In group 2, low agreement was observed between IB-recomLine and WB-LDBIO, with eight false-positive and 13 false-negative results. In group 3, 4/13 seroconversions were detected earlier with IB-recomLine compared to other tests. Conclusions: IB-recomLine allowed for earlier diagnosis of toxoplasmic seroconversion compared to both ELISA tests and WB-LDBIO but led to insufficient performance to confirm the immune status when ELISA results were discordant or equivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Jean-Pierre
- Parasitology-Mycology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital 38000 Grenoble France
- Corresponding author:
| | - Julien Miozzo
- Parasitology-Mycology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital 38000 Grenoble France
| | | | - Cécile Garnaud
- Parasitology-Mycology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital 38000 Grenoble France
- TIMC, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Marie Gladys Robert
- Parasitology-Mycology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Hervé Pelloux
- Parasitology-Mycology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital 38000 Grenoble France
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Olsen A, Alban L, Denwood M, Houe H, Birk Jensen T, Vedel Nielsen H. A longitudinal study of Toxoplasma gondii seroconversion on four large Danish sow farms. Vet Parasitol 2021; 295:109460. [PMID: 34029851 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Serological tests are routinely used to detect Toxoplasma gondii specific IgG antibodies in serum. Serological surveys of T. gondii show a medium to high prevalence in Danish indoor sows at the time of slaughter. However, little is known about when sows acquire T. gondii, and for how long they remain seropositive. Our focus was on quantifying the incidence rates in different age-cohorts and on investigating the T. gondii IgG antibody dynamics in sows. Four large Danish sow farms were longitudinally surveyed for 1 year. A total of 320 animals from 6, 12, 18, and 24-months age-cohorts were sampled at 5-week intervals. In total, 2989 plasma samples were tested using commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The incidence rate in each of the four age-cohorts was calculated, and a time-to-event analysis was applied to the interval censored data to investigate the relationship between age and probability of T. gondii seroconversion. In the initial ELISA testing, eight sows tested positive for T. gondii at first survey, of which seven remained seropositive throughout the follow-up period. Additionally, 16 sows seroconverted, but only five of these remained seropositive. Weekly incidence rates in the 6, 12, 18, and 24-month age-cohorts were 0.0017 (95% CI = 0.0008 - 0.0037), 0.0009 (95% CI = 0.0003 - 0.0027), 0.0003 (95% CI = 0.0000 - 0.0018), and 0.0023 (95% CI = 0.0010 - 0.0051), respectively. Time-to-event analysis suggested that the incidence rate increased with age but could not conclude this definitively. The retesting of a subsample of the sows (n = 200) with the same ELISA and with modified direct agglutination test (MAT), and western blot (WB) assays suggested that 12 out of the 24 initial ELISA seropositive sows may have been false positive. These 12 sows also showed fluctuating antibody dynamics in ELISA. Hence, the unstable antibody dynamics in ELISA may pose a challenge for serological surveys of T. gondii in sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Food Safety, Veterinary Issues & Risk Analysis, Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Axelborg, Axeltorv 3, DK-1609, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lis Alban
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Food Safety, Veterinary Issues & Risk Analysis, Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Axelborg, Axeltorv 3, DK-1609, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Matthew Denwood
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Hans Houe
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | | | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark.
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Performance of Zika Assays in the Context of Toxoplasma gondii, Parvovirus B19, Rubella Virus, and Cytomegalovirus (TORCH) Diagnostic Assays. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 33:33/1/e00130-18. [PMID: 31826871 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00130-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections during pregnancy that may cause congenital abnormalities have been recognized for decades, but their diagnosis is challenging. This was again illustrated with the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV), highlighting the inherent difficulties in estimating the extent of pre- and postnatal ZIKV complications because of the difficulties in establishing definitive diagnoses. We reviewed the epidemiology, infection kinetics, and diagnostic methods used for Toxoplasma gondii, parvovirus B19, rubella virus, and cytomegalovirus (TORCH) infections and compared the results with current knowledge of ZIKV diagnostic assays to provide a basis for the inclusion of ZIKV in the TORCH complex evaluations. Similarities between TORCH pathogens and ZIKV support inclusion of ZIKV as an emerging TORCH infection. Our review evaluates the diagnostic performance of various TORCH diagnostic assays for maternal screening, fetal screening, and neonatal screening. We show that the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of TORCH complex pathogens are widely variable, stressing the importance of confirmatory testing and the need for novel techniques for earlier and accurate diagnosis of maternal and congenital infections. In this context it is also important to acknowledge different needs and access to care for different geographic and resource settings.
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Douet T, Armengol C, Charpentier E, Chauvin P, Cassaing S, Iriart X, Berry A, Fillaux J. Performance of seven commercial automated assays for the detection of low levels of anti-Toxoplasma IgG in French immunocompromised patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:51. [PMID: 31441775 PMCID: PMC6707100 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2019052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunocompromised patients are at high risk for the development of severe toxoplasmosis from tissue cyst reactivation, the most frequently, or from recently acquired acute infections. Knowledge of serologic status is therefore crucial. Screening for toxoplasmosis is sometimes performed while patients are already immunocompromised and have a low or even undetectable IgG titer by routine automated enzyme immunoassays. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of seven reagents for the detection of low levels of IgG. Sera from 354 patients were collected and analysed. RESULTS Elecsys® offered the best analytic performances, superior to those of Architect® and Platelia®, which were superior to those of Access II® and TGS TA®. Vidas II® and Liaison II® reagents exhibited poor analytical performances in this cohort. For Elecsys®, Platelia® and Architect®, new thresholds for the grey zone and positive zone have been defined to improve the sensitivity of these reagents while maintaining excellent specificity. CONCLUSIONS Commercialized assays for toxoplasmosis screening are not suitable for IgG low-level detection in patients without adapting the supplier thresholds to avoid false negative results and risk generalized toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Douet
- Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse-Purpan, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Armengol
- Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse-Purpan, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France - Laboratoire d'analyse biomédicale, Centre Hospitalier Comminges Pyrénées, Avenue de Saint Plancard, 31806 Saint Gaudens, France
| | - Elena Charpentier
- Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse-Purpan, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Pamela Chauvin
- Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse-Purpan, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Cassaing
- Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse-Purpan, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France - Pharmacochimie et Biologie Pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), IRD UMR 152 Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Iriart
- Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse-Purpan, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Berry
- Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse-Purpan, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Judith Fillaux
- Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse-Purpan, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France - Pharmacochimie et Biologie Pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), IRD UMR 152 Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31400 Toulouse, France
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Costa JG, Vilariño MJ. Semiquantitative Dot Blot with the GRA8 antigen to differentiate the stages of toxoplasmosis infection. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 149:9-13. [PMID: 29684398 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present a novel methodology to differentiate the phases of toxoplasmosis infection: the "semiquantitative Dot Blot". It is a simple technique that does not require expensive equipment, does not involve a long technique development, and can be used in a low-complexity laboratory. In this study, two recombinant sequences of Toxoplasma gondii GRA8 antigen were used, and specific IgG antibodies were detected in selected patient samples. This method makes it possible to obtain a score for each serum and define whether the patient is in the acute or chronic phase of the infection. The sensitivity and specificity results varied depending on the antigenic sequence used. With GRA8A, 62.1% and 72.7% were obtained, while with GRA8B, 82.8% and 72.1% were obtained, respectively. Although the sensitivity and specificity values were not close to 100%, they were similar to those reported with the same antigens in ELISA. Therefore, this quantitative technique would be a good alternative to ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gabriel Costa
- Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María Julia Vilariño
- Hospital Escuela Eva Perón, Av. San Martín 1645, Granadero Baigorria, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Knowledge and Practices of Toxoplasmosis among Clinical Laboratory Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Durango, Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14111413. [PMID: 29156547 PMCID: PMC5708052 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge and practices about toxoplasmosis in a sample of clinical laboratory professionals in Mexico. Methods: 192 clinical laboratory professionals were surveyed. They were asked about (1) Toxoplasma gondii; (2) clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and epidemiology of toxoplasmosis; and (3) their practices with respect to toxoplasmosis. Results: The range of animals infected by T. gondii was known by 44.8% of participants. Clinical aspects of toxoplasmosis were known by up to 44.3% of subjects. Correct answers about the interpretation of serological markers of T. gondii infection were provided by up to 32.8% of participants. A minority (32.2%) of participants knew about a high number of false positive results of anti-T. gondii IgM antibody tests. Most participants (90.1%) did not know what the anti-T. gondii IgG avidity test was. Up to 55.7% of participants provided incorrect answers about the interpretation of serology tests for the treatment of pregnant women. Common routes of T. gondii infection were known by <15% of participants. Most (84.4%) participants had not performed tests for detection T. gondii infection. Conclusions: Results indicate incomplete knowledge of T. gondii infection and toxoplasmosis and a limited practice of laboratory tests among the professionals surveyed.
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Sánchez-Ovejero C, Benito-Lopez F, Díez P, Casulli A, Siles-Lucas M, Fuentes M, Manzano-Román R. Sensing parasites: Proteomic and advanced bio-detection alternatives. J Proteomics 2016; 136:145-56. [PMID: 26773860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases have a great impact in human and animal health. The gold standard for the diagnosis of the majority of parasitic infections is still conventional microscopy, which presents important limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity and commonly requires highly trained technicians. More accurate molecular-based diagnostic tools are needed for the implementation of early detection, effective treatments and massive screenings with high-throughput capacities. In this respect, sensitive and affordable devices could greatly impact on sustainable control programmes which exist against parasitic diseases, especially in low income settings. Proteomics and nanotechnology approaches are valuable tools for sensing pathogens and host alteration signatures within microfluidic detection platforms. These new devices might provide novel solutions to fight parasitic diseases. Newly described specific parasite derived products with immune-modulatory properties have been postulated as the best candidates for the early and accurate detection of parasitic infections as well as for the blockage of parasite development. This review provides the most recent methodological and technological advances with great potential for bio-sensing parasites in their hosts, showing the newest opportunities offered by modern "-omics" and platforms for parasite detection and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sánchez-Ovejero
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernando Benito-Lopez
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Paula Díez
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Adriano Casulli
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, - 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mar Siles-Lucas
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Raúl Manzano-Román
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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Mouri O, Kendjo E, Touafek F, Fekkar A, Konte O, Imbert S, Courtin R, Mazier D, Paris L. The impact of lowering the cut-off value on the sensitivity of the Platelia Elisa IgG (Bio-Rad) test for toxoplasmosis diagnosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:22. [PMID: 26187780 PMCID: PMC4506486 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2015022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Determining specific immune status against Toxoplasma gondii is essential for assessing the risk of reactivation in immunocompromised patients or defining serological monitoring and appropriate prophylactic measures during pregnancy. In France, toxoplasmosis serological screening requires systematic testing for IgM and IgG antibodies. The Platelia Toxo IgG and IgM test (Bio-Rad) is one of the most widely used tests for anti-toxoplasmic antibody detection. We performed a study on 384 sera, including 123 IgG negative (<6 IU/mL) and 261 IgG equivocal (6–9 IU/mL) sera tested with Platelia Toxo IgG and collected during routine screening at Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France to determine the best-performing IgG titer cut-off value. Out of these 383 sera, 298 were IgM negative by Platelia Toxo IgM and 86 were IgM positive. All sera were also tested against Toxo IgG II LD BIO western blot test as confirmation. Our results indicated that an IgG titer cut-off value of ≥4.4 IU/mL for the Platelia Toxo IgG met the definition of positivity, a value significantly lower than that indicated by the manufacturers. In the presence of IgM antibodies, the IgG titer cut-off decreased significantly to a value ≥0.2 IU/mL. This latter cut-off also allowed adequate diagnosis of proven toxoplasmosis seroconversion in 76.7% of cases (33/43). Our findings may improve toxoplasmosis care by reducing therapeutic intervention time and eliminating the need for further serological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Mouri
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Kendjo
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Feriel Touafek
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Fekkar
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, 75013 Paris, France - Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, 75013 Paris, France - Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, CIMI-Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ousmane Konte
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Imbert
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Régis Courtin
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Mazier
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, 75013 Paris, France - Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, 75013 Paris, France - Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, CIMI-Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Luc Paris
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, 75013 Paris, France
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