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Hu Y, Zhan RJ, Lu SL, Zhang YY, Zhou MY, Huang H, Wang DD, Zhang T, Huang ZX, Zhou YF, Lv ZY. Global distribution of zoonotic digenetic trematodes: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty 2024; 13:46. [PMID: 38877531 PMCID: PMC11177464 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digenetic trematodes, including blood flukes, intestinal flukes, liver flukes, lung flukes, and pancreatic flukes, are highly diverse and distributed widely. They affect at least 200 million people worldwide, so better understanding of their global distribution and prevalence are crucial for controlling and preventing human trematodiosis. Hence, this scoping review aims to conduct a comprehensive investigation on the spatio-temporal distribution and epidemiology of some important zoonotic digenetic trematodes. METHODS We conducted a scoping review by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases for articles, reviews, and case reports of zoonotic digenetic trematodes, without any restrictions on the year of publication. We followed the inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify relevant studies. And relevant information of the identified studies were collected and summarized. RESULTS We identified a total of 470 articles that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review finally. Our analysis revealed the prevalence and global distribution of species in Schistosoma, Echinostoma, Isthmiophora, Echinochasmus, Paragonimus, Opisthorchiidae, Fasciolidae, Heterophyidae, and Eurytrema. Although some flukes are distributed worldwide, developing countries in Asia and Africa are still the most prevalent areas. Furthermore, there were some overlaps between the distribution of zoonotic digenetic trematodes from the same genus, and the prevalence of some zoonotic digenetic trematodes was not entirely consistent with their global distribution. The temporal disparities in zoonotic digenetic trematodes may attribute to the environmental changes. The gaps in our knowledge of the epidemiology and control of zoonotic digenetic trematodes indicate the need for large cohort studies in most countries. CONCLUSIONS This review provides important insights into the prevalence and global distribution of some zoonotic digenetic trematodes, firstly reveals spatio-temporal disparities in these digenetic trematodes. Countries with higher prevalence rate could be potential sources of transmitting diseases to other areas and are threat for possible outbreaks in the future. Therefore, continued global efforts to control and prevent human trematodiosis, and more international collaborations are necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Rong-Jian Zhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Lin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ding-Ding Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-Fei Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhi-Yue Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Jitsamai W, Khrutkham N, Hunprasit V, Chandrashekar R, Bowman D, Sukhumavasi W. Prevalence of endoparasitic and viral infections in client-owned cats in metropolitan Bangkok, Thailand, and the risk factors associated with feline hookworm infections. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2021; 25:100584. [PMID: 34474779 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of enteric parasites in cats in metropolitan Bangkok has not been updated in over 13 years. The main objectives of this study include updating the prevalence of endoparasitism in client-owned cats, status of retroviral infections and determining the association between feline hookworm infection and possible risk factors. A total of 509 fecal samples were collected from client-owned cats in 2014-2015 and examined by a wet fecal mount technique. If additional sample remained, a PBS-ethyl acetate sedimentation was done (n = 229), and ZnSO4 centrifugal flotation was also performed if there was sufficient remaining sample (n = 105). At least one parasite was observed in 32.0% (163/509) of cats, with Ancylostoma being the most common intestinal parasite detected in 21.6% (110/509) of cats. Other parasitic infections detected by fecal examinations included Toxocara (6.9%; 35/509), Platynosomum (3.7%; 19/509), Cystoisospora (3.5%; 18/509), Taenia (2.9%; 15/509), Spirometra (1.6%; 8/509), Dipylidium (0.4%; 2/509), and Opisthorchis-like trematode (0.2%; 1/509). Examination for Giardia infection was conducted with the SNAP® Giardia Test, a coproantigen test, on a subset of the fecal samples (233/509) and revealed a positive result on 3.9% (9/233) of samples. Plasma samples were analyzed using the SNAP® Triple Test detecting antigens of Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and Dirofilaria immitis while also detecting antibodies to Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV). Antigens of FeLV and antibodies to FIV were found in 7.1% (19/269) and 5.2% (14/269) of cats, respectively. None of the cats were found to have circulating antigen of Dirofilaria immitis using this test. No association between retroviral and endoparasitic infections was found. From multivariable logistic regression examining associated factors, the ability of cats to access the outdoors (adjusted OR = 3.22, 95% CI; 1.42-7.87) and having tapeworm segments or adult helminths in feces (adjusted OR = 3.31, 95% CI; 1.34-8.21) were significantly associated with the finding of hookworm eggs in feces. This work presents the most up-to-date data on enteric feline parasite prevalence in the metropolitan Bangkok area from which fecal samples were directly collected from cats. Consequently, this study emphasizes that diagnosis of parasitic infections and the routine use of antiparasitic medications should be encouraged by veterinarians and to owners in order to reduce the reservoir of potentially zoonotic parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanarit Jitsamai
- Graduate program in Pathobiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nutpiphat Khrutkham
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Vachira Hunprasit
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Dwight Bowman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Woraporn Sukhumavasi
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Feline Infectious Disease and Health for Excellence Research Unit, Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Kim HC, Hong EJ, Ryu SY, Park J, Cho JG, Yu DH, Chae JS, Choi KS, Park BK. Euryhelmis squamula (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Recovered from Korean Raccoon Dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, in Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:303-309. [PMID: 34218603 PMCID: PMC8255488 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we intended to describe an unrecorded species of heterophyid trematode recovered from the small intestine of a Korean raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, in Korea. A total of 13 small flukes were collected from a deceased Korean raccoon dog which was found in Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea in May 2017. The trematode body were covered with many small spines, rectangular, broader than long, 807–1,103 μm long and 1,270–1,550 μm wide. Oral sucker in the anterior end slightly smaller than acetabulum. Pharynx muscular and well developed. Esophagus relatively long and sigmoid. Acetabulum small and located at median in anterior 2/5 portion. Ceca bifurcated at the anterior of genital pore and acetabulum and terminated at testis level. Testes larger, deeply lobed and located at the near of posterior end of body. Ovary small, triangular and located at the slight left of median and the anterior of left testis. Vitelline follicles dendritic and extend from the middle level of esophagus to the posterior portion of body. Eggs embryonated, operculated, small and 33–35×15–16 μm in size. Based on the morphological characteristics, the small heterophyid flukes recovered from the small intestines of Korean raccoon dog, N. procyonoides koreensis, were identified as Euryhelmis squamula (Digenea: Heterophyidae). Accordingly, this species of heterophyid flukes is to be a new trematode fauna in Korea by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Cheol Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24289, Korea
| | - Eui Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Si Yun Ryu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Jeong Gon Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Joon Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyoung Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Bae Keun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Prevalence of heterophyid infection in tilapia fish " Orechromas niloticus" with emphasize of cats role as neglected reservoir for zoonotic Heterophyes heterophyes in Egypt. J Parasit Dis 2020; 45:35-42. [PMID: 33746384 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of heterophyids infection in tilapia fish "Orechromaus niloticus", and the role of cats "Felis catus" as a reservoir for the zoonotic digenetic trematodes "Heterophyid"-particularly Heterophyes hetrophyes-in Egypt. All over a year, 100 tilapia fish "Orechromas niloticus" were collected randomly from local markets at Alexandria city. Fish specimens were examined for the presence of encysted metacercariae (EMC). Furthermore, specimens of infected fish were experimentally fed to cats as well as rats to detect the adult species and infection ratio, and resulted clinical signs. Results showed that 65% (CI: 55.7-74.3%) of examined fish was infected by one or more of flukes EMC. The highest infection was recorded in summer and spring, followed by autumn then winter. Regarding the identified EMC; Heterophyes spp. was the most common adults (50%). Experimental feeding of EMC to cats and rats resulted in identification of 8 adult flukes namely; H. heterophyes, H. dispar, Haplorchis pumilio, Haplorchis taichiue, Pygidiopsis geneta, Centrocestus cuspidatus, Procerum varium and Prohistomum vivax. Experimentally infected cats were more susceptible to infection compared with rats; also showed more severe clinical and pathological signs than rats. In conclusion, the current work clarifies and highlights a high infection rate of EMC in edible tilapia fish in the study area, also the possible role of cats as a reservoir of the digenetic trematodes particularly the zoonotic H. heterophyes, that necessities planning and application of suitable control measures; and continuous monitoring of fish zoonotic parasites as well as cats and its parasites.
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Lee YI, Seo M, Chai JY. Intestinal Flukes Recovered from a Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, in the Republic of Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:81-86. [PMID: 32145732 PMCID: PMC7066441 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Trematode specimens were collected from the intestine of a herring gull, Larus argentatus, which was found in a critical condition on the shore of a small island (Yubu-do, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do) located at the western coast of the Korean peninsula. Total 11 specimens of intestinal flukes, including 3 Cryptocotyle lingua (Heterophyidae), 1 Himasthla alincia (Echinostomatidae), 5 Cardiocephaloides medioconiger (Strigeidae), and 2 Diplostomum spathaceum (Diplostomidae), were recovered. C. lingua was morphologically characterized by the presence of a large ventrogenital apparatus and 2 obliquely tandem testes. H. alincia had an elongated body and a head collar equipped with 31 collar spines. C. medioconiger had a bisegmented body and a voluminous copulatory bursa containing the seminal vesicle and ejaculatory duct. D. spathaceum also had a bisegmented body and its vitellaria extended up to the anterior border of the tribocytic organ. It is of note that C. lingua is potentially zoonotic that can occur in birds and humans. Three of them, i.e., C. lingua, C. medioconiger, and D. spathaceum, are new trematode fauna in Korea. Studies on trematode fauna of migratory birds should be continued in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Il Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Min Seo
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
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Choe S, Na KJ, Kim Y, Jeong DH, Yang JJ, Eom KS. Infections of Two Isthmiophora Species (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Wild Mammals from Republic of Korea with Their Morphological Descriptions. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:647-656. [PMID: 31914518 PMCID: PMC6960253 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Isthmiophora hortensis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) is a dominant echinostome in animal reservoir hosts and humans in the Republic of Korea (Korea). We intended to investigate the infection status with this echinostome species in the several species of wild animals and describe the morphological characteristics in the faunistic view point. A total of 175 animal carcasses belonging to 3 families, i.e., Canidae, Felidae and Mustelidae, were collected from the southern regions of Korea from March 2010 to July 2017. Isthmiophora spp. worms were recovered from the small intestines of each animal under a stereomicroscope after washing of intestinal contents. Isthmiophora hortensis was recovered from 4 species of wild carnivores, i.e., Nyctereutes procyonoides (3/107: 2.8%), Mustela sibirica (11/31: 35.5%), Meles lucurus (2/3: 33.3%) and Martes flavigula (1/2: 50%). The other 3 carnivores comprising stray dogs, cat and leopard cat were negative for I. hortensis infection (0/2, 0/10 and 0/12, respectively). Specimens obtained from the Lutra lutra (6/8: 75%) were identified as a distinct species, I. inermis, by morphological comparison. Isthmiophora inermis has thinner body, elongate testes and different anterior limits of vitelline fields. Detailed morphological descriptions and comparisons with the morphological characteristics are provided. Conclusively, it was confirmed for the first time that 3 species of mustelid mammals, i.e., M. sibirica, M. lucurus, and M. flavigula, are to be the new definitive hosts of I. hortensis in Korea. Additionally, I. inermis is to be newly added in the Korean echinostome fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjun Choe
- Department of Parasitology, Parasite Research Center and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Na
- The Wildlife Center of Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Youngjun Kim
- National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon 33657, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Jeong
- Korea National Park Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Gurye 57616, Korea
| | - Jeong-Jin Yang
- Korea National Park Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Gurye 57616, Korea
| | - Keeseon S Eom
- Department of Parasitology, Parasite Research Center and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Chai JY, Jung BK. Epidemiology of Trematode Infections: An Update. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1154:359-409. [PMID: 31297768 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18616-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Digenetic trematodes infecting humans are more than 91 species which belong to 46 genera all over the world. According to their habitat in definitive hosts, they are classified as blood flukes (Schistosoma japonicum. S. mekongi, S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. intercalatum), liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, O. felineus, Metorchis conjunctus, M. bilis, M. orientalis, Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, and D. hospes), lung flukes (Paragonimus westermani, P. heterotremus, P. skrjabini, P. miyazakii, P. kellicoti, P. mexicanus, P. africanus, and P. uterobilateralis), throat fluke (Clinostomum complanatum), pancreatic fluke (Eurytrema pancreaticum), and intestinal flukes (Metagonimus yokogawai, M. miyatai, M. takahashii, Heterophyes nocens, H. heterophyes, Haplorchis taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, Centrocestus formosanus, Echinostoma revolutum, E. ilocanum, Isthmiophora hortensis, Echinochasmus japonicus, E. lilliputanus, Artyfechinostomum malayanum, A. sufrartyfex, A. oraoni, Fasciolopsis buski, Gymnophalloides seoi, Neodiplostomum seoulense, Caprimolgorchis molenkampi, Phaneropsolus bonnei, and Plagiorchis muris). The mode of transmission to humans includes contact with cercariae contaminated in water (schistosomes) and ingestion of raw or improperly cooked fish (liver and throat flukes, heterophyids, and echinostomes), snails (echinostomes and gymnophallids), amphibia, reptiles (neodiplostomes), aquatic vegetables (amphistomes), or insect larvae or adults (plagiorchiids, lecithodendriids, and pancreatic fluke). Praziquantel has been proved to be highly effective against most species of trematode infections except fascioliasis. Epidemiological surveys and detection of human infections are required for better understanding of the geographical distribution and endemicity of each trematode species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong-Kwang Jung
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sohn WM, Na BK, Cho SH, Ju JW. Infection Status of Isthmiophora hortensis Metacercariae in Dark Sleepers, Odontobutis Species, from Some Water Systems of the Republic of Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:633-637. [PMID: 30630287 PMCID: PMC6327203 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.6.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Present study was performed to survey on infection status of Isthmiophora hortensis (formerly Echinostoma hortense) metacercariae (IhMc) in dark sleepers, Odontobutis spp., from some water systems of the Republic of Korea. A total of 237 Odontobutis spp. was collected in the water systems of 5 rivers, i.e., Mangyeong-gang (gang means river), Geum-gang, Tamjin-gang, Seomjin-gang, and Nakdong-gang. They were all examined with artificial digestion method for 5 years (2013-2017). A total of 137 (57.8%) Odontobutis spp. were infected with 14.8 IhMc in average. The prevalence was the highest in Nakdong-gang areas (62.9%) and followed by in Mangyeong-gang (57.1%), Geum-gang (56.3%), Tamjin-gang (54.8%), and Seomjin-gang (53.9%) areas. Metacercarial densities were 28.1 (Geum-gang), 13.9 (Mangyeong-gang), 13.3 (Nakdong-gang), 13.1 (Tamjin-gang), and 2.3 (Seomjin-gang) per infected fish. Especially, in case of Yugucheon (cheon means stream), a branch of Geum-gang, IhMc were detected in all fish (100%) examined and their density was about 48 per fish. By the present study, it was confirmed that the infection status of IhMc is more or less different by the surveyed areas and the dark sleepers, Odontobutis spp., are suitable fish hosts of I. hortensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Shin-Hyeong Cho
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Jung-Won Ju
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, Korea
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Sohn WM, Na BK, Cho SH, Ju JW, Kim CH, Yoon KB, Kim JD, Son DC, Lee SW. Infections with Centrocestus armatus Metacercariae in Fishes from Water Systems of Major Rivers in Republic of Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:341-349. [PMID: 30196666 PMCID: PMC6137297 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.4.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The infection status of Centrocestus armatus metacercariae (CaMc) was broadly surveyed in freshwater fishes from major river systems in the Republic of Korea (Korea) during 2008–2017. A total of 14,977 fishes was caught and examined by the artificial digestion method. CaMc were detected in 3,818 (97.1%) (2,114 Z. platypus: 96.1% and 1,704 Z. temminckii: 98.4%) out of 3,932 Zacco spp. examined and their density was 1,867 (2,109 in Z. platypus and 1,567 in Z. temminckii) per fish infected. The prevalences with CaMc were high, 93.7–100%, in Zacco spp. from all surveyed areas. However, their densities were more or less different by the surveyed areas and fish species. They were most high in Nakdong-gang in Gyeongsangnam-do (4,201 in average), and followed by Geum-gang (2,343), Nakdong-gang in Gyeongsangbuk-do (1,623), Han-gang (1,564), Tamjin-gang and Yeongsan-gang (1,540), streams in the east coast (1,028), Seomjin-gang (488) and Mangyeong-gang (170). In another species of rasborinid fish, Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis, CaMc were detected in 222 (74.8%) out of 297 ones examined and their density was 278 (1–4,480) per fish infected. CaMc were also detected in total 41 fish species except for the rasborinid fish, Z. platypus, Z. temminckii and O. uncirostris amurensis. Conclusively, it was confirmed that among the 3 species of rasborinid fish, Z. platypus and Z. temminckii are highly prevalent and O. uncirostris amurensis is moderately prevalent with CaMc. Additionally, we could know that variety of fish species act as the second intermediate hosts of C. armatus in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Shin-Hyeong Cho
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Jung-Won Ju
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Cheon-Hyeon Kim
- Division of Microorganism, Jeollabuk-do Institute of Health and Environment, Imsil 55928, Korea
| | - Ki-Bok Yoon
- Division of Microbiology, Jeollanam-do Institute of Health and Environment, Muan 58568, Korea
| | - Jai-Dong Kim
- Infectious Disease Examination Section, Chungcheongnam-do Institute of Health and Environment, Hongseong 32254, Korea
| | - Dong Cheol Son
- Infectious Disease Research Section, Gyeongsangbuk-do Institute of Health and Environment, Youngcheon 38874, Korea
| | - Soon-Won Lee
- Infection Disease Intelligence Division, Gangwon Institute of Health and Environment, Chuncheon 24203, Korea
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Chai JY, Jung BK. Fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections: An update. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2017; 8-9:33-63. [PMID: 32095640 PMCID: PMC7034020 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fishborne heterophyid trematodes infecting humans are at least 29 species worldwide and belong to 13 genera. Its global burden is much more than 7 million infected people. They include Metagonimus (M. yokogawai, M. takahashii, M. miyatai, M. minutus, and M. katsuradai), Heterophyes (H. heterophyes, H. nocens, H. dispar, and H. aequalis), Haplorchis (H. taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, and H. vanissimus), Pygidiopsis (P. summa and P. genata), Heterophyopsis (H. continua), Stellantchasmus (S. falcatus), Centrocestus (C. formosanus, C. armatus, C. cuspidatus, and C. kurokawai), Stictodora (S. fuscata and S. lari), Procerovum (P. varium and P. calderoni), Acanthotrema (A. felis), Apophallus (A. donicus), Ascocotyle (A. longa), and Cryptocotyle (C. lingua). Human infections are scattered around the world but the major endemic areas are located in Southeast Asia. The source of human infection is ingestion of raw or improperly cooked fish. The pathogenicity, host-parasite relationships, and clinical manifestations in each species infection are poorly understood; these should be elucidated particularly in immunocompromised hosts. Problems exist in the differential diagnosis of these parasitic infections because of close morphological similarity of eggs in feces and unavailability of alternative methods such as serology. Molecular diagnostic techniques are promising but they are still at an infant stage. Praziquantel has been proved to be highly effective against most of the patients infected with heterophyid flukes. Epidemiological surveys and detection of human infections are required for better understanding of the geographical distribution and global burden of each heterophyid species. In this review, the most updated knowledge on the morphology, biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathology, immunology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment, and prevention and control of fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Kwang Jung
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Republic of Korea
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Sohn WM, Na BK, Shin SS. New Definitive Hosts and Differential Body Indices of Isthmiophora hortensis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae). THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2017; 55:287-294. [PMID: 28719953 PMCID: PMC5523894 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to record new definitive hosts of Isthmiophora hortensis, and to describe morphological characteristics derived from a variety of worm samples for clarification of its taxonomic validity. Morphological characteristics with dimensions were observed in worm samples (n=21) from naturally infected wild animals, including a raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides from Gimhae-si (City), Gyeongsangnam-do, stray cats and a striped field mouse from several localities, and a wild boar Sus scrofa, from Gurye-gun (County), Jeollanam-do. In addition, adult flukes (n=45) recovered in albino rats experimentally infected with the metacercariae from a freshwater fish species were also subjected to morphological studies. The mean ratios of the body length (BL) to body width (BW) were 5.86 and 5.76 in worms from wild animals and experimental rats, respectively. Those of the ventral sucker to oral sucker were 2.92 and 3.01 in worms from 2 groups. The mean percentages of the hindbody length (HBL) to BL were 42.1 and 41.2 in 2 groups. Those of uterine fields to BL were 9.8 and 12.2 in the 2 worm groups. By the present study, the 2 species of wild animals, the raccoon dog and wild boar, have been added as new definitive hosts for I. hortensis. The morphological characteristics of adult flukes derived from a variety of host source were redescribed to support the taxonomic validity of this echinostome species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Sung-Shik Shin
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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