1
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Bertoni M, Pintucci A, Locatelli A, Miranda A. Diffuse peritonitis secondary to urachal cyst abscess in a postpartum patient. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 118:109584. [PMID: 38579600 PMCID: PMC11004866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Urachal cyst infections during pregnancy are exceptionally rare, posing diagnostic challenges. This case report contributes to the limited literature, emphasizing the rarity, diagnostic difficulties, and the need for heightened healthcare provider awareness for timely intervention. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 32-year-old pregnant woman with persistent pelvic pain, fever, and urinary symptoms sought care with inconclusive initial diagnoses despite multiple ER visits. Labor revealed a palpable mass, and postpartum, a CT scan identified a urachal cyst abscess. Urgent laparoscopy confirmed peritonitis, leading to cyst removal, antibiotics, and a subsequent laparotomy. Histology confirmed an abscessed urachal cyst. DISCUSSION Urachal cyst infections in pregnancy, exceptionally rare and diagnostically challenging, highlight the importance of considering them in abdominal pain differentials. Diagnostic tools, such as ultrasound and CT scans, can be misleading, emphasizing the necessity for a multidisciplinary approach. CONCLUSION This case report underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing an infected urachal cyst during pregnancy, stressing the need for awareness and a comprehensive diagnostic approach for optimal outcomes. The rarity of such cases warrants increased attention within the medical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bertoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy.
| | - Armando Pintucci
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pio XI Hospital, Desio, ASST Brianza, Italy.
| | - Anna Locatelli
- Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
| | - Angelo Miranda
- General Surgery, Pio XI Hospital, Desio, ASST Brianza, Italy.
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Tanguturi Yella V, Tanguturi Yella SS, Kota KS, Tanguturi Yella SH, Thangaraju P. A Very Rare Disease of Patent Urachus Cyst With Vesico-Umbilical Urinary Fistula in Adults: A Case Report and Short Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e41503. [PMID: 37551248 PMCID: PMC10404365 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare developmental anomalies known as urachal remnants are brought on by flaws in the foetal developmental process. However, depending on the location and degree of incomplete obliteration, the urachus can undergo a variety of urachal anomalies. An umbilical fistulogram and a voiding cystourethrogram both supported the existence of the adult urachal cyst in this case. To treat the sepsis, we provided the patient with antibiotics first, then a surgical procedure. The entire vesico-umbilical tract with the urachal cyst was removed using the open approach. The excised specimen's histology revealed a foreign body giant cell reaction without any indication of malignancy. The presentation and diagnosis of vesico-umbilical urinary fistula (VUUF) in adults can occasionally be difficult. They happen very rarely. So we began putting forward this case for the same reason.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krishna Sasanka Kota
- Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) and Head and Neck Surgery (HNS), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Deoghar, Deoghar, IND
| | | | - Pugazhenthan Thangaraju
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Raipur, Raipur, IND
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3
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Wu M, Carroll J, Newman S, Hayes I. Urachal sinus presenting as an acute umbilical infection. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:720-721. [PMID: 35869968 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wu
- Department of General Surgical Specialties, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Carroll
- Department of General Surgical Specialties, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheri Newman
- Department of General Surgical Specialties, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Hayes
- Department of General Surgical Specialties, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ilea C, Ilie OD, Stoian IL, Scripcariu IS, Doroftei B. An Unusual Case of Urachal Cyst Misdiagnosed as a Paraovarian Cyst: Ultrasound Assessment and Differential Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123166. [PMID: 36553173 PMCID: PMC9777174 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The urachus is an embryologic remnant of the cloaca that usually degenerates after birth, resulting from the obliteration of the allantois, whose role is to connect the bladder to the umbilicus. Incomplete removal of the lumen may give rise to different malformations of the median umbilical ligament after birth. Although in the pediatric population urachus are common, most cases are asymptomatic and may go unrecognized until adulthood and give rise to cysts, rarely reported in the literature. Thus, in this manuscript we present the circumstances of a 43-year-old Romanian woman showing hypogastric pain of moderate intensity for three weeks, radiation in the left lower limb, menstrual cycle abnormalities, and dysmenorrhea. Based on the initial examinations, a paraovarian cyst measuring 80 mm was noted. Through the subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) conducted, a hypoechoic mass was detected, and the patient underwent a tumorectomy and partial cystectomy. A 9.7/7.5-cm tumor was excised, and the anatomopathological result was urachal mucinous cystadenoma. It came to our attention that relatively scarce data were found in the literature, with only seven studies with the diagnosis of the urachal cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Ilea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street, No. 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (O.-D.I.); (I.-L.S.)
| | - Irina-Liviana Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (O.-D.I.); (I.-L.S.)
| | - Ioana-Sadyie Scripcariu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street, No. 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Doroftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street, No. 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, No. 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
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5
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Infected urachal sinus with de novo stone and peritonism in a young athlete adult: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 101:107784. [PMID: 36436421 PMCID: PMC9691438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Urachal cyst (UC) sinus occur secondary failed regression of allantois's embryonal canal during fetal development. Several types depending on the arrest level and connection to the urogenital tract. Umbilical urachal sinus is characterized in less than 15 % of cases. An infected urachal sinus patient can present with umbilical sinus and purulent discharge with various emergency presentations and scenarios. CASE PRESENTATION A 26-year-old Sudanese male, a healthy athlete, presented two weeks before the last presentation with periumbilical discomfort, and umbilical discharge increased with physical activity. He was first seen in the outpatient clinic and diagnosed with an uncomplicated umbilical cyst. One week later, periumbilical pain became throbbing, severe with a dragging sensation, and skin erythema. His swelling produced purulent discharge with concomitant low-grade fever. He denied any past medical, surgical, or family history. An ultrasound scan revealed a periumbilical cyst confirmed by CECT consistent with an infected urachal sinus. Surgical excision of the cyst and umbilicoplasty was achieved with an uneventful postoperative course. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Urachal sinuses may vary in their presentation according to the anomaly and clinical effect. It can be daunting to diagnose, even with the availability of CECT modalities. Conservative management can be of benefit in case of incidental findings, but surgical management is the preferred approach for complicated patients. A laparoscopic approach is the recommended treatment. CONCLUSION Our case report shows that serious complications can be prevented with early diagnosis, management, and prompt surgical intervention if this rare diagnosis is kept in mind.
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Torabi H, Shirini K, Ghaffari R. Rare case of umbilical urachal sinus mimicking infected umbilical abscess: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05598. [PMID: 35317069 PMCID: PMC8925275 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomplete obliteration of urachus during the fetal period can lead to urachal abnormalities. One of these abnormalities is the urachal sinus that can be asymptomatic, or it can be symptomatic by becoming infected or being malignant, and it can mimic other diseases' symptoms. Although it is rare in adults, it should be considered a significant differential diagnosis in patients with abdominal pain or umbilical discharge. This article presents a young patient with urachal sinus mimicking umbilical pilonidal sinus symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Torabi
- Department of General Surgery Poursina Medical and Educational Center Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran
| | - Kasra Shirini
- Department of General Surgery Iran University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
| | - Rona Ghaffari
- Department of General Surgery, Poursina Medical and Educational Center Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran
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Tasa AS, Dey S, Dutta S, Gogoi D, Bora B. A Rare Case of Urachal Cyst in a Patient With Uterine Fibroids. Cureus 2022; 14:e21092. [PMID: 35165552 PMCID: PMC8828462 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 41-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with pain in her abdomen during menstruation. On examination, we detected a cystic lump in the midline, just below the umbilicus. Ultrasonography of the whole abdomen was suggestive of uterine fibroids with a probable mesenteric cyst. Computed tomography of the abdomen confirmed an otherwise asymptomatic, silent, urachal cyst connected to the umbilicus and urinary bladder by obliterated bands. The cyst was explored and removed surgically under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, following a single-staged approach. A total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was subsequently performed. Urachal cysts are rare congenital anomalies. Any unexpected finding on clinical examination should alert clinicians for further evaluation and treatment.
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Austin S, Jersey C, Soltis M, Chicaiza H. Identification of an Infected Urachal Cyst Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound. Pediatr Emerg Care 2021; 37:323-324. [PMID: 34038927 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This case describes a 6-year-old girl who presented to the pediatric emergency department with 3 days of fever and suprapubic pain in the setting of 1 month of worsening, dull abdominal pain. On presentation, she had a tender, erythematous, and fluctuant mass on her lower abdomen. Point-of-care ultrasound was used to identify an abnormal fluid collection anterior to her bladder, suspicious for an infected urachal cyst. In this case, point-of-care ultrasound helped identify this uncommon finding in a timely fashion, which expedited definitive care and prevented unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Austin
- From the UCONN Emergency Medicine Residency, Farmington; and Division of Emergency Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT
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Albarghouth MH, Dober S, Kramer T, Hamza A. [Infected urachal cyst in an adult manifests as urosepsis]. Aktuelle Urol 2021; 52:67-69. [PMID: 32219774 DOI: 10.1055/a-1104-6117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The following is a case of an 81-year-old male adult who presented to our emergency department with signs of urosepsis. The patient came with an indwelling urinary catheter due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Extended diagnostic investigation demonstrated an infected urachal cyst as the cause of infection, which was surgically treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hatem Albarghouth
- Klinikum Sankt Georg gGmbH Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Leipzig, Klinik für Urologie und Andrologie, Leipzig
| | - Susanne Dober
- Klinikum Sankt Georg gGmbH Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Leipzig, Klinik für Urologie und Andrologie, Leipzig
| | - Thomas Kramer
- Klinikum Sankt Georg gGmbH Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Leipzig, Klinik für Urologie und Andrologie, Leipzig
| | - Amir Hamza
- Klinikum Sankt Georg gGmbH Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Leipzig, Klinik für Urologie und Andrologie, Leipzig
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10
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Calagna G, Rotolo S, Catinella V, Maranto M, Carlisi B, Bisso C, Venezia R, Mangione D, Cucinella G. Unexpected finding of urachal remnant cyst. Tips for laparoscopic approach. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 77S:S139-S142. [PMID: 33039342 PMCID: PMC7875086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urachal cyst is a common anomaly related to the incomplete obliteration of the urachal lumen. This condition, per se asymptomatic, is not without risk. In symptomatic cases, the main approach is the laparoscopic excision.
Introduction Incomplete obliteration of the urachal lumen could cause different types of anomalies and urachal cyst is the most common among these in the adult population. It is usually asymptomatic and may be an incidental finding during a surgical exploration for other reasons. However, it can be subject to complications. Presentation of case A 38-year-old female patient with history of worsening lower-quadrants abdominal pain, associated with fever and chills, presented to emergency room; clinical examination revealed a painful, tender, and fixed lump to the left inferior abdominal quadrant. Ultrasound reveled a left adnexal mass and, along the midline, between the adnexal mass, the bladder and the uterus, was evident a 3-cm unilocular cyst with regular walls and hypoechoic content. MRI confirmed the suspicion of a left tubo-ovarian abscess and suggested a diagnosis of urachal remnant for the smaller midline cyst. In this report, we describe the step-by-step laparoscopic management of the case, paying attention to “the tips and tricks” for urachal cyst excision. Discussion The urachal cyst, which results from the accumulations of secretions in urachal remnant, presents as a single or multiple parietal abdominal mass, per se asymptomatic. However, this condition is not without risk and infection represents the most common complication. Ultrasound is very useful in the diagnostic phase. Today, the main approach has become laparoscopic excision, with particular attention to a radical removing of the mass, due to high recurrence rate and the risk of malignancy. Conclusion In our experience, laparoscopy represents an excellent diagnostic and therapeutic tool for urachal cyst, especially for patients with acute urgent conditions, doubtful clinical history, and no clear signs or symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Calagna
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Villa Sofia Cervello" Hospital, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Stefano Rotolo
- General Surgery Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Catinella
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Villa Sofia Cervello" Hospital, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Maranto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Villa Sofia Cervello" Hospital, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruno Carlisi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Villa Sofia Cervello" Hospital, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Bisso
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Villa Sofia Cervello" Hospital, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Renato Venezia
- Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother to Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Donatella Mangione
- Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother to Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Cucinella
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Villa Sofia Cervello" Hospital, University of Palermo, Italy
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Hashizume N, Ohtaki M, Nihei K, Sakamoto K, Shirahata Y, Shimada T, Ohta E, Yamai D, Takeshi A, Sato K, Suzuki S, Yagi M. Laparoscopic surgery for urachal remnants in pubescent children: a case series. Surg Case Rep 2020; 6:120. [PMID: 32488465 PMCID: PMC7266900 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-00884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various techniques are applied in laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of urachal remnants, which are less invasive and associated with lower morbidity. We herein report a case series in which we treated urachal remnants and medial umbilical ligaments using a laparoscopic approach. CASE PRESENTATION From 2015 to 2019, seven patients (male, n = 5; female, n = 2) with a urachal remnant were treated by laparoscopic surgery in our institute. Five boys and two girls with a median age of 11 years (range 10-15 years) were enrolled in this series. The clinical results of laparoscopic treatment, the perioperative records, and the pathologic results were evaluated. The operation was performed with the use of three ports and an EZ access® (Hakko Medical, Nagano, Japan), which is a silicon cap for the wound retractor (Lap Protector®, Hakko Medical, Nagano, Japan). The removal of the urachal remnant and medial umbilical ligaments was completed with a median operative time of 92 min (range 69-128). The median hospital stay after surgery was 4 days (range 2-5). No patients developed intra-postoperative complications or recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Although our data are preliminary, complete laparoscopic removal of symptomatic urachal remnants and medial umbilical ligaments was a safe and effective minimally invasive approach, with better cosmetic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hashizume
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital, 4-20 Izumi-machi, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata, 997-0033, Japan. .,Department of Surgery, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital, Tsuruoka, Japan. .,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Ohtaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital, 4-20 Izumi-machi, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata, 997-0033, Japan
| | - Kouei Nihei
- Department of Surgery, Niigata Prefectural Tsubame Rosai Hospital, Tsubame, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sakamoto
- Department of Surgery, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shirahata
- Department of Surgery, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Eriko Ohta
- Department of Surgery, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamai
- Department of Surgery, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takeshi
- Department of Surgery, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Kaito Sato
- Department of Surgery, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Minoru Yagi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urachal cyst is an exceptionally rare disease in children caused by the incomplete obliteration of the urachal remnant. Urachal cysts seldom cause symptoms unless a secondary infection occurs. The symptoms of an infected urachal cyst are nonspecific and may be similar to acute appendicitis or other acute abdominal conditions. However, complications attributable to a delayed diagnosis can endanger the life of a patient. PATIENT CONCERNS A 5-year-old boy presented with a 3-day history of severe intermittent lower abdominal pain. DIAGNOSIS Infected urachal cyst. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with surgical resection of the urachus, followed by intravenous antibiotics during the hospitalization. OUTCOMES The patient was discharged without incident 7 days after the operation. With his follow-up in our out-patient department, he recovered well without any sequelae in the 6 months post-surgery. CONCLUSION We suggested using the abdominal echo scan to differentiate the urachal cyst because of its high sensitivity and nonradioactive characteristic, and computed tomography is a typical diagnostic tool for urachal cysts. The mainstream management of an infected urachal cyst remains surgical excision. Complete excision of urachal cysts is relatively easy in a pediatric patient and the risk of subsequent infection is low; however, patients tend to have a low, although possible, risk of potential malignant transformation over their lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shan Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City
| | - Lung-Huang Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Urachal anomalies are classified into four types depending on the level of persistence of the embryonic urachal remnants between the urinary bladder and the umbilicus: patent urachus, umbilical-urachal sinus, urachal cyst, and vesico-urachal diverticulum. Due to the increasing use of cross-sectional imaging, urachal anomalies are frequently detected as incidental findings. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the initial diagnosis, evaluation of complications, treatment follow-up, and long-term surveillance of patients with urachal anomalies. Different urachal anomalies demonstrate characteristic imaging features that aid in a timely diagnosis and guide treatment. A patent urachus is visualized as an elongated tubular structure between the umbilicus and the urinary bladder. While umbilical-urachal sinus appears as focal dilatation at the umbilical end of the urachal remnant, the vesico-urachal diverticulum presents as a focal outpouching of the urinary bladder at anterosuperior aspect. Urachal cysts are identified as midline fluid-filled sacs most frequently located near the dome of the urinary bladder. Untreated urachal anomalies could progress into potential complications, including infection and malignancy. Knowledge regarding imaging features of urachal anomalies helps in timely diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and early detection of complications.
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Novick D, Heller B, Zhou D. The primary considerations and image guided diagnosis of an infected urachal cyst in a pediatric patient. Radiol Case Rep 2019; 14:1181-1184. [PMID: 31372192 PMCID: PMC6660595 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urachal cyst is a rare condition that is typically asymptomatic and will often have symptomatology that is misdiagnosed or missed. A urachal cyst occurs in 1 out of 5000 live-births, but is only clinically relevant in 1 out of 150,000 of the population often as an incidental finding. The urachus is the embryological remnant of the allantois, which connects the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus, and usually fully obliterates to become the median umbilical ligament. Urachal defects are uncommon and cysts are usually asymptomatic until infection results. An infected cyst may present mimicking a wide range of intra-abdominal and pelvic disorders, and accurate diagnosis is often delayed. Children may present with umbilical discharge; adults often have hematuria. Computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound are ideally suited for demonstrating urachal remnant diseases; however, infected urachal cysts commonly display increased echogenicity with ultrasoundsography and thick-walled cystic or mixed attenuation with CT. Drainage and excision of the urachal remnant is the definitive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brett Heller
- Nassau University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 2201 Hempstead Turnpike, East Meadow, NY 11554, USA
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15
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Urachal anomalies: A review of pathological conditions, diagnosis, and management. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2019.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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16
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Mrad Daly K, Ben Rhouma S, Zaghbib S, Oueslati A, Gharbi M, Nouira Y. Infected urachal cyst in an adult: A case report. Urol Case Rep 2019; 26:100976. [PMID: 31380223 PMCID: PMC6661533 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2019.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The urachus is an embryologic remnant which degenerates after the birth. An infected urachal cyst is one of a spectrum of presentations of urachal pathology, all of which are rare in adulthood. Infected urachal cyst is a rare pathology in adult women and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen. We report here a case of a 50-year-old women with an infected urachal cyst reveled by an acute abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Selim Zaghbib
- Department of Urology, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amine Oueslati
- Department of Urology, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maroua Gharbi
- Department of Urology, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Nouira
- Department of Urology, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
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Ninitas P, Anselmo MP, Silva ACE, Ferreira AIS, Santos JF. Urachal abscess mimicking malignant tumor: can imaging tell them apart? Acta Radiol Open 2019; 8:2058460119852923. [PMID: 31258932 PMCID: PMC6589978 DOI: 10.1177/2058460119852923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The urachus is an embryonic remnant that usually involutes before birth. Abnormal persistence of this structure can lead to infectious or neoplastic complications later in life. We report a case of an 84-year-old man that presented with a urachal complex mass which, after proper investigation, revealed to be a urachal abscess. Urachal abscesses are rare and usually occur in severe infections. Urachal abscesses can be indistinguishable from urachus carcinoma on imaging studies. This article reviews the clinical and imaging aspects of urachal abscess and carcinoma and possible differentiating elements in imaging. However, definitive diagnosis usually depends on a biopsy or fluid aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ninitas
- Department of Radiology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
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18
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Kudra Danial A, Sankari Tarabishi A, Aldakhil A, Alzahran A, Najjar O, Ayoub K. Acute abdomen due to an infected urachal cyst in a 5-year-old female: case report. J Surg Case Rep 2019; 2019:rjz156. [PMID: 31139338 PMCID: PMC6532138 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjz156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The urachus is an embryonic tube that connects the upper portion of the bladder to the umbilicus, and obliterates normally during embryonic development stages forming the median umbilical ligament. Incomplete obliteration of this tube results in many anomalies such as congenital patent urachus, umbilical urachal sinus, vesicourachal diverticulum and urachal cyst. We report in this case a 5-year-old female presented to the Emergency, complaining of generalized abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and constipation with no umbilical discharge. The clinical presentation accompanied by radiology investigations suggested a case of acute abdomen. We performed an exploratory laparotomy and found a mass above the bladder connected to the umbilicus; we excised the mass and sent a specimen to pathology that confirmed Urachal cyst. Urachal cyst is usually asymptomatic unless it is complicated; depending on our case, we recommend surgical management by complete excision for complicated urachal cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kusay Ayoub
- Department of Surgery, Aleppo University Hospital
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19
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Elkbuli A, Kinslow K, Ehrhardt JD, Hai S, McKenney M, Boneva D. Surgical management for an infected urachal cyst in an adult: Case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2019; 57:130-133. [PMID: 30959359 PMCID: PMC6453943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incomplete urachal obliteration during fetal development gives rise to distinct malformations of the median umbilical ligament. Most anomalies are asymptomatic and resolve during early infancy, but some go unrecognized until adulthood. These rare cases can present with acute abdominal symptomatology secondary to infected urachal remnants. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 20-year-old man presented with periumbilical pain. Physical exam showed a warm, erythematous infra-umbilical mass that was tender to palpation. CT revealed an infected urachal cyst. The patient underwent urachal abscess incision and drainage with cyst excision. The patient returned home on postoperative day two. Two-week outpatient follow-up confirmed an uncomplicated recovery. DISCUSSION Surgical excision of urachal anomalies in adults is curative and preventive against recurrent infection and malignancy, but preoperative management is currently unstandardized. Current literature recommends a two-stage approach characterized by preoperative antibiotics and cyst incision and drainage followed later by complete surgical excision. Our patient underwent a single therapeutic approach with preoperative antibiotics and definitive operative excision. Our patient had a comparable outcome with no complications and a short hospitalization. CONCLUSION Preoperative antibiotics with excision of urachal remnants was effective in our case. Staged approaches are appropriate in complicated cases as a means to reduce post-operative infection rates and hospital stays. Urachal remnant excision is recommended in adults to prevent future malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Elkbuli
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States.
| | - Kyle Kinslow
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - John D Ehrhardt
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shaikh Hai
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mark McKenney
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Dessy Boneva
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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Rutkofsky IH, Chandradevan R, Williams Iv JT, Collins C, Kitchen FL, Odum CC, Colquitt JD, Bear J, Narh-Martey P. Cured by Da Vinci Xi: meticulous dissection of an infected urachal cyst presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms in an adult. J Surg Case Rep 2018; 2018:rjy327. [PMID: 30591831 PMCID: PMC6302239 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjy327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual finding in an adult patient with an infected urachal cyst, was treated surgically using the Da Vinci robot. A 26-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with complaints of lower abdominal pain and burning sensation with urination. She was diagnosed with lower urinary tract infection, treatment did not help her symptoms and further evaluation of CT revealed complex enhancing mass superior to the urinary bladder. The differentials included inflammatory cause such as an abscess, neoplastic mass, urachal cyst, vitello intestinal fistula and urachal sinus. Da Vinchi robotic diagnostic laparoscopy was performed to obtain an accurate assessment and treatment. After cystoscopy followed by laparoscopic exploration of the abdominal and pelvic cavity further helped to narrow down a diagnosis of remnants of urachus. Pathology of the excised specimen showed inflammation without evidence of malignancy and confirmed Urachal cyst. The patient had an uneventful post-operative course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H Rutkofsky
- HCA, Coliseum Medical Centers, Macon, GA, USA.,School of Medicine, Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Raguraj Chandradevan
- HCA, Coliseum Medical Centers, Macon, GA, USA.,School of Medicine, Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA
| | - John T Williams Iv
- HCA, Coliseum Medical Centers, Macon, GA, USA.,School of Medicine, Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA
| | | | - Felisha L Kitchen
- HCA, Coliseum Medical Centers, Macon, GA, USA.,School of Medicine, Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Craig C Odum
- HCA, Coliseum Medical Centers, Macon, GA, USA.,Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James D Colquitt
- HCA, Coliseum Medical Centers, Macon, GA, USA.,School of Medicine, Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Joseph Bear
- HCA, Coliseum Medical Centers, Macon, GA, USA.,School of Medicine, Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Patrick Narh-Martey
- HCA, Coliseum Medical Centers, Macon, GA, USA.,School of Medicine, Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA
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Singh A, Kishan Prasad HL, Shetty KJ, Philip NR, Salma R, Chakravarthy A. Urachal cyst with xanthogranulomatous cystitis: A rare case report. Urol Ann 2018; 10:219-221. [PMID: 29719338 PMCID: PMC5907335 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7796.229555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An urachal cyst is a sinus remaining from the allantois during embryogenesis which is rarely manifested in adults. The urachus is an embryologic remnant which degenerates after the birth. Defective obliteration of the urachus leads to urachal abnormalities. Urachal cyst is a rare pathology in adult women, and this pathology should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen. Xanthogranulomatous cystitis (XC) is a benign disease of unknown etiology. The clinical manifestations of these are nonspecific such as lower abdominal pain, umbilical discharge with occasional hematuria. Urachal lesions present with persistent umbilical drainage in infants and newborn. However, in 35% cases, enclosed urachal cyst or infected urachal cyst (abscess) manifests without having umbilical discharge. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging are of little help to the identification of these preoperatively. Here, we present a rare case of urachal cyst with XC in 30-year-old female which has produced diagnostic dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Singh
- Department of Pathology, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - H L Kishan Prasad
- Department of Pathology, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - K Jayaprakash Shetty
- Department of Pathology, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nigi Ross Philip
- Department of Pathology, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruhi Salma
- Post Graduates, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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22
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Muthiah M, S. J, K. P, M. K. A rare case of urachal cyst in a 35 year old male—A case report. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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The role of laparoscopy in the management of urachal anomalies in children. ANNALS OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/01.xps.0000513181.72166.fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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24
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What is causing this patient's periumbilical pain and erythema? JAAPA 2017; 30:49-51. [DOI: 10.1097/01.jaa.0000512244.51247.bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Parada Villavicencio C, Adam SZ, Nikolaidis P, Yaghmai V, Miller FH. Imaging of the Urachus: Anomalies, Complications, and Mimics. Radiographics 2016; 36:2049-2063. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2016160062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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26
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Kwok CM. Infected Urachal Cyst in an Adult: A Laparoscopic Approach. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2016; 10:269-74. [PMID: 27462196 PMCID: PMC4939676 DOI: 10.1159/000446642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urachal cysts occur infrequently in adults and are rarely reported in the literature. Laparoscopic excision or robot-assisted laparoscopic excision of urachal cysts has widely been applied in recent years. We present a case of urachal cyst infection treated with antibiotics and two-staged operation. The laparoscopic procedure was performed without any complications. Strong suspicion is the key for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ming Kwok
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Ramos Pacheco VH, Dominguez YS, Cervantes Sánchez AMDC. Infected urachal remnants: an unusual presentation. BJR Case Rep 2016; 2:20150226. [PMID: 30363670 PMCID: PMC6180888 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20150226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The urachus is the remnant of the cloaca and allantois, and attaches the umbilicus to the bladder dome. Urachal anomalies are symptomatically identified during childhood. It rarely occurs in adults, making diagnosis difficult. We present and discuss the case of an infected patent urachus in a 30-year-old male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Ramos Pacheco
- Department of Radiology and Image, Hospital General De México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Saldaña Dominguez
- Department of Radiology and Image, Hospital General De México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
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28
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Pichon N, Legras C, Pichon-Lefièvre F, Clavel M. Diabetic Ketoacidosis Precipitated by Urachal Cyst Infection. J Emerg Med 2016; 50:e89-e91. [PMID: 26432079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pichon
- Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Claire Legras
- Anesthesiology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | | | - Marc Clavel
- Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
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29
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An Infected Urachal Cyst in an Adult Woman. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2015; 2015:791408. [PMID: 26167317 PMCID: PMC4488581 DOI: 10.1155/2015/791408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The urachus is an embryologic remnant which degenerates after the birth. Defective obliteration of the urachus leads to urachal abnormalities. An infected urachal cyst is one of the urachal abnormalities and this pathology is rare in adult women. We report a case of 33-year-old woman with pelvic pain and dysuria who was diagnosed with infected urachal cyst. Infected urachal cyst is a rare pathology in adult women and this pathology should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen.
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30
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Muśko N, Dobruch J, Piotrowicz S, Szostek P, Borówka A. Infected urachal cyst in a young adult. Cent European J Urol 2014; 67:199-201. [PMID: 25140240 PMCID: PMC4132594 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2014.02.art19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The urachus is the remnant of the cloaca, which in adults attaches the bladder dome to the umbilicus. After birth it obliterates and presents as the midline umbilical ligament. Patent urachal anomalies are usually detected in childhood. In adults they occur very rarely and the presentation and diagnosis may be occasionally challenging. We present and discuss the case of an infected urachal cyst found in a 30–year–old adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Muśko
- Postgraduate Medical Education Center at The European Health Centre in Otwock, Otwock, Poland
| | - Jakub Dobruch
- Postgraduate Medical Education Center at The European Health Centre in Otwock, Otwock, Poland
| | - Sebastian Piotrowicz
- Postgraduate Medical Education Center at The European Health Centre in Otwock, Otwock, Poland
| | - Przemysław Szostek
- Postgraduate Medical Education Center at The European Health Centre in Otwock, Otwock, Poland
| | - Andrzej Borówka
- Postgraduate Medical Education Center at The European Health Centre in Otwock, Otwock, Poland
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31
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Nogueras-Ocaña M, Rodríguez-Belmonte R, Uberos-Fernández J, Jiménez-Pacheco A, Merino-Salas S, Zuluaga-Gómez A. Urachal anomalies in children: surgical or conservative treatment? J Pediatr Urol 2014; 10:522-6. [PMID: 24321777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To shed light on the current controversy regarding the best treatment option for managing urachal anomalies in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective follow-up of a case series comprising 13 children who were diagnosed with urachal anomalies was performed. All cases were diagnosed between 2000 and 2011 and followed up at the Pediatric Urology Unit of San Cecilio University Hospital in Granada (Spain). Information about the baseline and follow-up variables was collected from clinical records. RESULTS Nine of the 13 patients were symptomatic (6 patients with urachal cysts and 3 patients with urachal persistency). Conservative management was originally used in all but one case. During follow-up, reinfection appeared in two cases, and these patients were treated surgically. Spontaneous resolution was achieved in eight cases (61.5%). Two children with persistent urachal cysts are still being followed (4 and 6 years after the diagnosis), although ultrasound monitoring reveals a gradual reduction in the size of the cysts. The median time between diagnosis and resolution was 16.5 months. CONCLUSION With the exception of cases in which there is a clear indication for surgery (i.e. reinfection), a conservative approach based on regular monitoring may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Nogueras-Ocaña
- Unit of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain.
| | | | | | - Antonio Jiménez-Pacheco
- Unit of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Merino-Salas
- Unit of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Armando Zuluaga-Gómez
- Unit of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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Qureshi K, Maskell D, McMillan C, Wijewardena C. An infected urachal cyst presenting as an acute abdomen - A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2013; 4:633-5. [PMID: 23728387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An infected urachal cyst is one of a spectrum of presentations of urachal pathology, all of which are rare in adulthood. PRESENTATION OF CASE We report the case of a 45-year-old obese Russian lady who presented with a 2-week history of suprapubic pain radiating to the right iliac fossa. Although previously fit and well, she had a history of 17 miscarriages. Both USS and CT suggested a complicated inflammatory mass in the lower abdomen. Ultimately the diagnosis was made by laparotomy, which revealed an abscess of an urachal cyst. The infected cyst and bladder dome were excised. The patient made a good recovery with an uneventful follow up. DISCUSSION Urachal cysts are the commonest type of urachal anomaly. Infection is the usual mode of presentation amongst adult cases otherwise the condition usually remains asymptomatic. An infected urachal cyst is an important diagnosis to make as complications include sepsis, fistula formation, and rupture leading to peritonitis. Treatment is by complete excision, however, techniques have been debated. CONCLUSION This is a rare but important diagnosis however we recommend that in patients with atypical histories, it should be included in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Qureshi
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kings Lynn, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Urachal cysts present very uncommonly in adults. We describe a 25-year-old man who attended with a discharging umbilical swelling and pain. Ultrasonography and CT scan demonstrated an infected urachal cyst which, following cystoscopy, was excised without complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna L Gami
- Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK.
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34
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Unique Presentation of Urachal Cyst Disease: Incidental Finding to Complicated Infection. Case Rep Urol 2013; 2013:874035. [PMID: 23710411 PMCID: PMC3655519 DOI: 10.1155/2013/874035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urachal remnant disease is uncommon in adults and can present with symptoms ranging from drainage near the umbilicus to a severe abdominal infection. Most cases are referred for treatment once diagnosed either clinically or radiographically with ultrasound or computerized tomography. We present a unique case of an infected urachal cyst visualized on a series of CT scans in an adult patient with abdominal pain over a period of years.
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35
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Sarwan S, Rampersad B. Pyourachus in spina bifida: case report and review. Urology 2012; 80:427-9. [PMID: 22386754 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Failure of the urachus to close results in a multitude of clinical anomalies. Such anomalies have been documented as occurring in association with mechanical bladder outlet obstruction. However, no urachal anomalies have been linked specifically to spina bifida. Two cases of urachal abscesses were identified in adolescent male patients with spina bifida at our institution, both with neuropathic bladders and using self-catheterization. The clinical presentations differed, with classic involvement of the umbilicus in 1 case. Because of its varied presentations, the diagnosis of a urachal anomaly is potentially difficult. Urachal anomalies should be considered in the evaluation of pelvic masses in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Sarwan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champs Fleur, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago.
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36
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37
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Climent-Agustín M, Sancho JJ, Martínez-Casas I, Risueño N, Grande L. Quiste de uraco sobreinfectado como diagnóstico diferencial poco frecuente de apendicitis aguda. Cir Esp 2010; 88:271-3. [PMID: 20202629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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von Schnakenburg L, Cadosch D, Gautschi O. Infizierte Urachuszyste im Erwachsenenalter. Urologe A 2010; 49:1176-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-010-2322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Lipskar AM, Glick RD, Rosen NG, Layliev J, Hong AR, Dolgin SE, Soffer SZ. Nonoperative management of symptomatic urachal anomalies. J Pediatr Surg 2010; 45:1016-9. [PMID: 20438945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Symptomatic urachal anomalies are rare disorders that consist of urachal remnants or fistulas with or without an associated cyst. Traditionally, when a urachal anomaly was recognized, operative excision was performed. There has been a shift toward the nonoperative management of urachal anomalies at many centers, although there is little in the literature to support this practice. METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients with urachal anomalies was performed from January 2002 to March 2008. Children with a draining umbilicus and no radiographic or surgical confirmation of a urachal anomaly were excluded. RESULTS Fifteen patients with symptomatic urachal anomalies were identified. The average age was 3.5 years (4 weeks to 14 years). Symptoms included umbilical drainage (n = 10), abdominal pain (n = 6), omphalitis (n = 4), intraabdominal mass (n = 3), dysuria (n = 1), recurrent urinary tract infections (n = 1), and fever (n = 4). The diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound (n = 13) and/or computed tomographic scan (n = 4). The surgically treated cases included 7 urachal cysts (5 uninfected, 2 infected) and 1 patent urachal fistula. Mean follow-up is 37 months, and there have been no reported recurrences. Those treated without surgical excision included 4 patent urachal fistulas (mean follow-up, 20 months-no recurrences) and 3 infected urachal cysts (percutaneous drainage [n = 2] and laparoscopic drainage [n = 1]-no recurrences on ultrasound at 26 months). CONCLUSION Nonoperative management of urachal anomalies is a reasonable approach and may be extended to infected urachal cysts after initial drainage. Infected cysts that are adequately drained seem to obliterate with time. Modern ultrasonography facilitates thorough follow-up. We propose a treatment algorithm for the management of suspected urachal anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Lipskar
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Schneider Children's Hospital, North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, NY 11030, USA
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40
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Infected urachal cyst in an adult: a case report and review of the literature. CASES JOURNAL 2009; 2:6422. [PMID: 19829803 PMCID: PMC2740315 DOI: 10.4076/1757-1626-2-6422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urachal cyst is one of a spectrum of urachal abnormalities most commonly found in children. They are very rarely seen in adults because the urachus is normally obliterated in early infancy. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a case of a 32 year old male Caucasian who presented with a tender, midline, infraumbilical mass and purulent umbilical discharge. Diagnosis of an infected urachal cyst was confirmed on magnetic resonance scan. He was treated initially with broad spectrum antibiotics in order to allow sepsis to resolve prior to surgical excision of the cyst and fibrous tract. Cystoscopy was performed intraoperatively to exclude sinus communication with the bladder. Histology of the excised specimen showed chronic inflammation with no evidence of malignancy. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. CONCLUSION Urachal abnormalities are rare in adults. Clinical presentation is non-specific; therefore, a high index of suspicion is required in order to make the diagnosis. When diagnosed, surgical excision is advised because of the risk of malignant transformation.
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Mucocele apendicular confundido con quiste de uraco infectado: un diagnóstico diferencial a tener en cuenta. Actas Urol Esp 2009; 33:205-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s0210-4806(09)74125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Coons BJ, Clark PE, Maynes LJ, Terhune KP, Stokes MC, Beech DJ. Sigmoid-urachal-cutaneous fistula in an adult male. Urology 2008; 73:444.e5-7. [PMID: 18400263 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An infected urachal cyst is an uncommon finding in adults. We report the first case of a sigmoid-urachal-cutaneous fistula that resulted from rupture of an infected urachal cyst in an adult male. Definitive management consisted of resection of the urachus with a bladder cuff, along with removal of the affected bowel segments and bowel anastomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Coons
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2765, USA.
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Linklater DR, Shook JE. Images in Emergency Medicine. Ann Emerg Med 2007; 50:199, 210. [PMID: 17643855 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek R Linklater
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Ilica AT, Mentes O, Gur S, Kocaoglu M, Bilici A, Coban H. Abscess formation as a complication of a ruptured urachal cyst. Emerg Radiol 2007; 13:333-5. [PMID: 17235594 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-006-0560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The urachus is a midline tubular structure that extends upward from the dome of the bladder toward the umbilicus. This tubular structure normally involutes before birth, remaining as a fibrous band with no known function. Persistence of all or any portion of the fetal urachus results in several anomalies, the most common of which is the urachal cyst (Yu JS, Kim KW, Lee HJ, Lee YJ, Yoon CS, Kim MJ, Radiographics, 21:451-4611, 2001; Ohgaki M, Higuchi A, Chou H, Takashina K, Kawakami S, Fujita Y, Hagiwara A, Yamagishi H, Surg Today, 33:75-77, 2003). Although most urachal cysts are asymptomatic, there are a few reports about intraperitoneal rupture of infected urachal cysts, all of which caused peritonitis and sepsis (Ohgaki M, Higuchi A, Chou H, Takashina K, Kawakami S, Fujita Y, Hagiwara A, Yamagishi H, Surg Today, 33:75-77, 2003; Kojima Y, Miyake O, Taniwaki H, Morimoto A, Takahashi S, Fujiwara I, Int J Urol, 10:174-176, 2003; Agatstein EH, Stabile BE, Arch Surg, 119:1269-1273, 1984). We report the imaging and operative findings of a patient, presented with a urachal abscess after a spontaneously ruptured urachal cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Turan Ilica
- Radiology Department, Diyarbakir Military Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
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