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Kausaite-Minkstimiene A, Popov A, Ramanaviciene A. Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensor with Antibody-Functionalized Magnetoplasmonic Nanoparticles for Ultrasensitive Quantification of the CD5 Biomarker. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20720-20728. [PMID: 35499973 PMCID: PMC9100489 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunosensor signal amplification strategy based on antibody-functionalized gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles (mAuNPs) was developed for ultrasensitive and quantitative detection of the CD5 biomarker using an indirect sandwich immunoassay format. The gold surface of the SPR sensor disk and mAuNPs was modified with a self-assembled monolayer of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA), and the coupling method using N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide was used to immobilize capture antibodies against human CD5 (anti-CD52A) and detection antibodies against human CD5 (anti-CD52B), respectively. The mAuNPs and anti-CD52B conjugates (mAuNPs-anti-CD52B) were separated by an external magnetic field and used to amplify the SPR signal after the formation of the anti-CD52A/CD5 immune complex on the SPR sensor disk. Compared to the direct CD5 detection with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.04 nM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3.47 nM, the proposed sandwich immunoassay utilizing mAuNPs-anti-CD52B significantly improved the LOD up to 8.31 fM and the LOQ up to 27.70 fM. In addition, it showed satisfactory performance in human blood serum (recovery of 1.04 pM CD5 was 109.62%). These results suggest that the proposed signal amplification strategy has superior properties and offers the potential to significantly increase the sensitivity of the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Kausaite-Minkstimiene
- Nanotechnas
− Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko street 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department
of Immunology, State Research Institute
Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu street 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Anton Popov
- Nanotechnas
− Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko street 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department
of Immunology, State Research Institute
Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu street 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- Nanotechnas
− Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko street 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department
of Immunology, State Research Institute
Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu street 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
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2
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Liu J, Liu Q, Chen X. The Immunomodulatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Regulatory B Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1843. [PMID: 32922398 PMCID: PMC7456948 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been investigated in many preclinical and clinical studies. This potential is dominantly based on the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs. Although the therapeutic profiles of MSC transplantation are still not fully characterized, accumulating evidence has revealed that B cells change after MSC infusion, in particular inducing regulatory B cells (Bregs). The immunosuppressive effects of Bregs have been demonstrated, and these cells are being evaluated as new targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. MSCs are capable of educating B cells and inducing regulatory B cell production via cell-to-cell contact, soluble factors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). These cells thus have the potential to complement each other's immunomodulatory functions, and a combined approach may enable synergistic effects for the treatment of immunological diseases. However, compared with investigations regarding other immune cells, investigations into how MSCs specifically regulate Bregs have been superficial and insufficient. In this review, we discuss the current findings related to the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs on regulatory B cells and provide optimal strategies for applications in immune-related disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Liu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Eiza N, Zuckerman E, Carlebach M, Rainis T, Goldberg Y, Vadasz Z. Increased killer B cells in chronic HCV infection may lead to autoimmunity and increased viral load. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 193:183-193. [PMID: 29665000 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B (Breg ) cells are characterized by various membrane markers and the secretion of different inhibitory cytokines. A new subset of Breg cells was identified as CD5hi Fas-ligand (FasL)hi . Their main reported role is to suppress anti-viral and anti-tumour immune responses, and, hence they have been dubbed 'killer' B cells. In this study, we aim to assess the role of these cells in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and determine if they contribute to the increased viral load and persistence of HCV and its related autoimmunity. (i) FasL expression on CD5hi B cells is increased significantly in HCV-infected patients compared to healthy individuals [28·06 ± 6·71 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) ± standard error of the mean (s.e.m.), median = 27·9 versus 10·87 ± 3·97 MFI ± s.e.m., median = 10·3, respectively, P < 0·0001]. (ii) Killer B cells from HCV patients increased autologous CD4+ T cell apoptosis compared to the apoptosis in healthy individuals [39·17% ± 7·18% mean ± standard deviation (s.d.), median = 39·6 versus 25·92 ± 8·65%, mean ± s.d., median = 24·1%, P < 0·0001, respectively]. A similar increase was observed in CD8+ T cell apoptosis (54·67 ± 15·49% mean ± s.d., median = 57·3 versus 21·07% ± 7·4%, mean ± s.d., median = 20%, P = 0·0006, respectively). (iii) By neutralizing FasL with monoclonal anti-FasL antibodies, we have shown that the induction of apoptosis by killer B cells is FasL-dependent. (iv) Increased expression of FasL on CD5hi B cells is correlated positively with an increased viral load and the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor in HCV. This is the first study in which killer B cells have been suggested to play a pathogenic role in HCV. They seem to be involved in HCV's ability to escape efficient immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Eiza
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - E Zuckerman
- Unit of Hepatology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - M Carlebach
- Division of Gastroenterology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - T Rainis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Y Goldberg
- Department of Statistics, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Z Vadasz
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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4
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Cai X, Zhang L, Wei W. Regulatory B cells in inflammatory diseases and tumor. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 67:281-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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5
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Bashford-Rogers RJM, Palser AL, Hodkinson C, Baxter J, Follows GA, Vassiliou GS, Kellam P. Dynamic variation of CD5 surface expression levels within individual chronic lymphocytic leukemia clones. Exp Hematol 2017; 46:31-37.e10. [PMID: 27693386 PMCID: PMC5261558 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of clonally derived mature CD5high B cells; however, the cellular origin of CLL is still unknown. Patients with CLL also harbor variable numbers of CD5low B cells, but the clonal relationship of these cells to the bulk disease is unknown and can have important implications for monitoring, treating, and understanding the biology of CLL. Here, we use B-cell receptors (BCRs) as molecular barcodes to first show by single-cell BCR sequencing that the great majority of CD5low B cells in the blood of CLL patients are clonally related to CD5high CLL B cells. We investigate whether CD5 state switching was likely to occur continuously as a common event or as a rare event in CLL by tracking somatic BCR mutations in bulk CLL B cells and using them to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the CLL in four patients. Using statistical methods, we show that there is no parsimonious route from a single or low number of CD5low switch events to the CD5high population, but rather, large-scale and/or dynamic switching between these CD5 states is the most likely explanation. The overlapping BCR repertoires between CD5high and CD5low cells from CLL patient peripheral blood reveal that CLL exists in a continuum of CD5 expression. The major proportion of CD5low B cells in patients are leukemic, thus identifying CD5low B cells as an important component of CLL, with implications for CLL pathogenesis, clinical monitoring, and the development of anti-CD5-directed therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Biomarkers
- CD5 Antigens/genetics
- CD5 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne L Palser
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare Hodkinson
- Cambridge Blood and Stem Cell Biobank, University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, National Health Service Blood and Transplant Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanna Baxter
- Cambridge Blood and Stem Cell Biobank, University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, National Health Service Blood and Transplant Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - George A Follows
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Kellam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Research Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
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6
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Phosphatidylserine Outer Layer Translocation Is Implicated in IL-10 Secretion by Human Regulatory B Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169755. [PMID: 28072868 PMCID: PMC5225009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells can have a regulatory role, mainly mediated by interleukin 10 (IL-10). IL-10 producing B cells (B10 cells) cells remain to be better characterized. Annexin V binds phosphatidylserine (PS), which is externalized during apoptosis. Previous works suggested that B10 cells are apoptotic cells since they bind Annexin V. Others showed that Annexin V binding could also be expressed on viable B cells. We aimed to explore if PS exposure can be a marker of B10 cells and if PS exposure has a functional role on B cell IL-10 production in healthy subjects. We found that B10 cells were significantly more often Annexin V+ than IL-10 non-producing B cells. After CpG activation, Annexin V+ B cells differentiated more often into B10 cells than Annexin Vneg B cells. Cell death and early apoptosis were similar between Annexin V+ and Annexin Vneg B cells. PS blockage, using biotinylated AnV and glyburide, decreased B10 cell differentiation. This study showed that B10 cells have an increased PS exposure independently of any apoptotic state. B cells exposing PS differentiate more into B10 cells whereas PS blockage inhibits B10 cells generation. These results strongly suggest a link between PS exposure and B10 cells.
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7
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Kabuto M, Fujimoto N, Tanaka T. Increase of interleukin-10-producing B cells associated with long-term remission after i.v. immunoglobulin treatment for pemphigus. J Dermatol 2016; 43:815-8. [PMID: 26871259 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a refractory case of pemphigus vulgaris that achieved long-term remission after i.v. immunoglobulin treatment (IVIG). We evaluated the fluctuation of circulating interleukin-10-producing B cells (B10 cells) during the course in our case and other three patients with pemphigus treated with IVIG without clinical remission. B10 cells were observed predominantly in CD1d(-) , CD5(-) , CD9(-) and CD27(+) populations among CD19(+) cells in healthy controls, as well as in patients with pemphigus. The frequency of B10 cells among CD19(+) cells increased in our case, but not in the other three patients without clinical remission, which leads to speculation on the association between the increase of B10 cells and the achievement of long-term remission after IVIG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kabuto
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Noriki Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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8
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Mavropoulos A, Simopoulou T, Varna A, Liaskos C, Katsiari CG, Bogdanos DP, Sakkas LI. Breg Cells Are Numerically Decreased and Functionally Impaired in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:494-504. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy Restores Peripheral Blood B-cell Subsets and CD40 Expression in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:2787-96. [PMID: 26383913 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy has become a standard therapy for severe inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but its effect on B lymphocytes is largely unexplored. In this study we investigated peripheral blood B cells, B-cell subsets, and CD40 expression in patients with IBD before and during anti-TNF therapy with infliximab (IFX). METHODS Blood was taken from healthy controls (n = 52) and patients with active IBD before (n = 46) and/or during anti-TNF therapy (n = 55). B-cell markers were detected by immunofluorescent staining and FACS analysis. Patients were classified as responders or nonresponders to anti-TNF therapy. RESULTS We found a numerical deficiency of circulating CD19 B cells, a lower activation state (CD40 expression) and lower proportions of CD5 B cells and IgMIgDCD27 preswitched memory cells among B cells in active patients with IBD before IFX therapy compared with healthy controls. IFX treatment increased CD19 B-cell numbers as well as the proportions of named B-cell subsets in responders but not in nonresponders. IFX more effectively upregulated CD40 expression in responders than in nonresponders. Restoration of B cells correlated with the biological response to therapy (C-reactive protein). Trough serum levels of IFX correlated with the number of B cells during therapy. CONCLUSIONS A lower number of circulating B cells, a low CD40 expression, and a decrease in the proportion of CD5 and in the preswitched memory subset characterize active IBD. Restoration of these abnormalities correlates with the clinical response to anti-TNF therapy. The mechanism for this effect on B cells should be further explored.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The function of regulatory B lymphocytes is known to be abnormal in inflammatory diseases. However, a recent study indicates that IL-10+ B cells seem to be expanded in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, the state of IL-10+ B cells in the peripheral blood from RA patients and healthy controls were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS CD19+ cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were purified from blood samples of RA patients and age and gender-matched healthy controls, and stimulated with CD40 ligand and CpG for 48 hours. Then, intracellular IL-10 in CD19+ cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the proportion of IL-10+ B cells between 10 RA patients and 10 healthy controls (RA, 0.300±0.07 vs. healthy control 0.459±0.07, p=0.114). The proportion of induced IL-10+ B cells to total B cells in RA patients was significantly higher than those in controls (RA, 4.44±3.44% vs. healthy control 2.44±1.64%, p=0.033). However, the proportion of IL-10+ B cells to total B cells correlated negatively with disease activity in RA patients (r=-0.398, p=0.040). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein or medication was not associated with the proportion of IL-10+ B cells. CONCLUSION The proportion of induced IL-10+ B cell increased in RA patients compared to healthy control, however, negatively correlated with disease activity in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - In Seol Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
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11
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Jiao Y, Wang X, Zhang T, Lijun S, Wang R, Li W, Ji Y, Wu H, Liu C. Regulatory B cells correlate with HIV disease progression. Microbiol Immunol 2014; 58:449-55. [PMID: 24947188 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Jiao
- Beijing You’an Hospital; Capital Medical University; 8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai Fengtai District Beijing 100069 China
| | - Xi Wang
- Beijing You’an Hospital; Capital Medical University; 8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai Fengtai District Beijing 100069 China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Beijing You’an Hospital; Capital Medical University; 8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai Fengtai District Beijing 100069 China
| | - Sun Lijun
- Beijing You’an Hospital; Capital Medical University; 8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai Fengtai District Beijing 100069 China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing You’an Hospital; Capital Medical University; 8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai Fengtai District Beijing 100069 China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing You’an Hospital; Capital Medical University; 8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai Fengtai District Beijing 100069 China
| | - Yunxia Ji
- Beijing You’an Hospital; Capital Medical University; 8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai Fengtai District Beijing 100069 China
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing You’an Hospital; Capital Medical University; 8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai Fengtai District Beijing 100069 China
| | - Cuie Liu
- Beijing You’an Hospital; Capital Medical University; 8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai Fengtai District Beijing 100069 China
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12
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SHI JIAZHEN, LI SHIBAO, ZHOU YAN, WANG LIXIN, WEN JIANGTAO, WANG YONGHONG, KANG ZHIHUA. Perioperative changes in peripheral regulatory B cells of patients with esophageal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1525-30. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Yang X, Yang J, Chu Y, Xue Y, Xuan D, Zheng S, Zou H. T follicular helper cells and regulatory B cells dynamics in systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88441. [PMID: 24551101 PMCID: PMC3925141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells aid effector B cells, and augment autoimmunity, whereas the role of Tfh cells on regulatory B (Breg) cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is not known. The aim of this study is to investigate the percentage of Breg cells in SLE, and the role of Tfh cells on Breg cells. First, we demonstrated the presence of Breg cells in SLE peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in involved skins. Both the percentage of circulating Breg cells and the ability to produce interleukin-10 (IL-10) were elevated in SLE patients. The percentage of Breg cells increased during SLE flares and decreased following disease remission. Second, Tfh cell expansion was not only related to autoantibody production but also correlated with the increased percentage of Breg cells. Third, in vitro studies revealed that Tfh cell-derived IL-21 could promote IL-10 production and Breg cell differentiation. In conclusions, these data imply that SLE flares may be linked to the expansion of Tfh cells and that Breg cells are increased in a regulatory feedback manner. Thus, SLE development may be associated with the complex regulation of Tfh cells and diverse B cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology,Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Ji Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology,Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Dandan Xuan
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology,Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Shucong Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology,Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Hejian Zou
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology,Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
- * E-mail:
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14
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Jamin C, Achour A, Youinou P, Pers JO. [Regulatory lymphocytes: a new cooperation between T and B cells for a better control of the immune response]. Presse Med 2013; 43:18-26. [PMID: 23871608 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2013.02.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanims of peripheral tolerance include molecular controls and the presence of regulatory lymphocytes. Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) correspond to different sub-populations of T cells that control immune responses due to the production of cytokines, such as IL-10 and with direct cell-to-cell contacts. Tregs targets are antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes but also effector antibody-producing B lymphocytes. Regulatory B lymphocytes (Bregs) have been more recently described and likely represent different sub-populations of B cells that control the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases due to the production of IL-10 and using intercellular contacts. Bregs targets encompass all the cells involved in the immune responses which are thus under a dual control by regulatory lymphocytes. Development and efficient activity of Tregs appear dependent of Bregs for a better regulation of autoimmune reactions, of anti-infectious reactions, but also of anti-tumor reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Jamin
- Centre hospitalier regional universitaire, université européenne de Bretagne, université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.
| | - Achouak Achour
- Centre hospitalier regional universitaire, université européenne de Bretagne, université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Pierre Youinou
- Centre hospitalier regional universitaire, université européenne de Bretagne, université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- Centre hospitalier regional universitaire, université européenne de Bretagne, université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
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15
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Berthelot JM, Jamin C, Amrouche K, Le Goff B, Maugars Y, Youinou P. Regulatory B cells play a key role in immune system balance. Joint Bone Spine 2012; 80:18-22. [PMID: 22858147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) may act earlier than regulatory T cells (Tregs) and may play as important a role in autoimmune and allergic diseases. Obstacles to the investigation of Bregs are the same as those encountered for Tregs: the regulatory effects are short-lived in some cases, there is no consistent phenotype (C5 expression is neither indispensable nor sufficient), differences exist across species (e.g., between humans and mice), and there are a number of suppression modalities (IL-10, TGF-beta, expression of proapoptotic membrane molecules) that vary across Breg subtypes. The Breg subtypes may be homologous to the Treg subtypes (Br1 cells expressing IL-10, Br3 cells expressing TGF-beta, and B-Foxp3 cells), although the Br1 subtype seems to predominate. Nevertheless, differences with Treg cells may exist: Breg activation may chiefly involve the toll-like receptors rather than the antigen receptor; and Bregs act earlier, facilitating the recruitment of Tregs then disappearing once the Tregs become operational. Bregs make a major contribution to autoimmune disorders associated with several forms of immune deficiency, as well as to the absence of transplant rejection when there is a strong B cell response. Breg deficiencies have been reported in lupus, and the disappointing effects in this disease of treatments designed to inhibit the B cell response may be related to further Breg impairment. In several animal models, Breg stimulation is effective in correcting a variety of autoimmune disorders, most notably those initiated in the mucous membranes. Research into the interactions between the gut microbiota and Bregs holds considerable promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Berthelot
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France.
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Noh G, Lee JH. Regulatory B cells and allergic diseases. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2011; 3:168-77. [PMID: 21738882 PMCID: PMC3121058 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2011.3.3.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
B cells are generally considered to positively regulate immune responses by producing antigen-specific antibodies. B cells are classified into classical CD5- conventional B cells and CD5+ B1 cells. The latter produce multi-specific autoantibodies and are thought to be involved in autoimmune diseases. However, evidence supporting a B cell negative regulatory function has accumulated over the past 30 years. Multiple reports have suggested that absence, or loss, of regulatory B cells exacerbates symptoms of both allergic (including contact hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis) and autoimmune (such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, chronic colitis, and collagen-induced arthritis) diseases, and in lupus-like models of autoimmunity. Regulatory B cells are characterized by production of the negative regulatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β. IL-10-producing B cells were the first regulatory B cells to be recognized and were termed 'B10' cells. IL-10-producing regulatory B cells are of the CD19+CD5+IgMhiIgDloCD1dhi type. Recently, a TGF-β-producing regulatory B cell subset, Br3, has been shown to be related to immune tolerance in food allergies. Moreover, forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)-expressing B cells have also been identified in humans and may act as regulatory B cells (Bregs). The functional image of regulatory B cells is similar to that of regulatory T cells. Because of the proliferative and apoptotic responses of Br1 and Br3 cells in immune tolerance in non-IgE-mediated food allergy, reciprocal roles and counter-regulatory mechanisms of Br1 and Br3 responses are also suspected. Additionally, different roles for regulatory B and T cells at different time points during initiation and progression of autoimmune disease are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geunwoong Noh
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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