Pure laparoscopic radical cystectomy with ileal conduit: a single surgeon's mid-term outcomes

Prospective study comparing laparoscopic and open radical cystectomy: Surgical and oncological results

INTRODUCTION

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with lymphadenectomy and urinary diversion is an increasingly widespread operation. Studies are needed to support the oncological effectiveness and safety of this minimally invasive approach.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A nonrandomised, comparative prospective study between open radical cystectomy (ORC) and laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) was conducted in a university hospital. The main objective was to compare cancer-specific survival. The secondary objective was to compare the surgical results and complications according to the Clavien-Dindo scale.

RESULTS

We treated 156 patients with high-grade invasive bladder cancer with either ORC (n=70) or LRC (n=86). The mean follow-up was 33.5±23.8 (range 12-96) months. The mean age was 66.9+9.4 years, and the male to female ratio was 19:1. Both groups were equivalent in age, stage, positive lymph nodes, in situ carcinoma, preoperative obstructive uropathy, adjuvant chemotherapy and type of urinary diversion. There were no differences between the groups in terms of cancer-specific survival (log-rank; P=.71). The histopathology stage was the only independent variable that predicted the prognosis. The hospital stay (P=.01) and operative transfusion rates (P=.002) were less for LRC. The duration of the surgery was greater for LRC (P<.001). There were no differences in the total complications rate (p=.62) or major complications (P=.69). The risk of evisceration (P=.02), surgical wound infection (P=.005) and pneumonia (P=.017) was greater for ORC. The risk of rectal lesion (P=.017) and urethrorectal fistulae (P=.065) was greater for LRC.

CONCLUSION

LRC is an equivalent treatment to ORC in terms of oncological efficacy and is advantageous in terms of transfusion rates and hospital stays but not in terms of operating room time and overall safety. Studies are needed to better define the specific safety profile for each approach.

Systematic review of perioperative outcomes and complications after open, laparoscopic and robot-assisted radical cystectomy

Radical cystectomy and regional lymph node dissection is the standard treatment for localized muscle-invasive and for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and represents one of the main surgical urologic procedures. The open surgical approach is still widely adopted, even if in the last two decades efforts have been made in order to evaluate if minimally invasive procedures, either laparoscopic or robot-assisted, might show a benefit compared to the standard technique. Open radical cystectomy is associated with a high complication rate, but data from the laparoscopic and robotic surgical series failed to demonstrate a clear reduction in post-operative complication rates compared to the open surgical series. Laparoscopic and robotic radical cystectomy show a reduction in blood loss, in-hospital stay and transfusion rates but a longer operative time, while open radical cystectomy is typically associated with a shorter operative time but with a longer in-hospital admission and possibly a higher rate of high grade complications.

Technique and results in total laparoscopic radical cystectomy with sigmoidorectal pouch (Mainz pouch II) - an initial experience

We used laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) with urinary diversion for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. A series of total LRC is presented with Mainz pouch II after we had gained experience of nearly 200 open radical cystectomy and 23 LRC. Since from October 2010 to April 2012, we performed totally LRC in 5 patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer with Mainz pouch II as a urinary diversion. We analyzed age, pathological staging, continence, operative time, blood loss, blood transfusion volume, and complications. The mean age of the patients was 58.8±7.6 years (range, 49–69 years), and the follow-up time was 15.4±4.72 months. The mean operative time was 577.0±126.4 min for total LRC, with a mean blood loss of 280.0±130.38 ml and a mean hospital stay of 29.4±9.2 days. Blood transfusion was required in two cases, and immediate and late complications were observed in 2 cases. In conclusion, total LRC with urinary diversion is feasible for the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, by experienced surgeons, and despite the high level of difficulty of these procedures.

Oncological Outcomes in Patients Treated with Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer: Comparison Between Open, Laparoscopic, and Robot-Assisted Approaches

PURPOSE

To investigate oncological outcomes in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who underwent open radical cystectomy (ORC), laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC), or robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A retrospective analysis was performed on 230 patients who underwent ORC (n = 150), LRC (n = 22), or RARC (n = 58) between September 2009 and June 2012. Perioperative outcomes were compared between the three surgical approaches. The influence of the type of surgical approach on recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were assessed with the log-rank test. Predictors of RFS, CSS, and OS were also analyzed with a Cox regression model.

RESULTS

The median patient age for ORC, LRC, and RARC groups was 68.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 60.0-73.0), 65.0 (IQR: 62.8-74.0), and 61.5 (IQR: 54.8-72.0) years, respectively (p = 0.017), and the median follow-up duration was 27.9 (IQR: 14.7-47.9), 28.8 (IQR: 15.7-41.8), and 32.0 (IQR: 15.5-45.4) months, respectively (p = 0.955). There was no significant difference in RFS, CSS, and OS according to the surgical approach (p = 0.253, p = 0.431, and p = 0.527, respectively). Subgroup analysis revealed that RFS, CSS, and OS were not significantly different in both subgroups with stage ≤pT2 or ≥pT3. Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that the surgical approach was not a significant predictor of RFS, CSS, and OS.

CONCLUSION

Our findings indicate that the type of surgical approach is not associated with RFS, CSS, and OS in patients with bladder cancer.

Comparison beetwen open and laparoscopic radical cistectomy in a Latin American reference center: perioperative and oncological results

Objectives:

To evaluate the differences of peri-operatory and oncological outcomes between Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy and Open Radical Cystectomy in our center.

Materials and Methods:

Overall, 50 patients were included in this non randomized match-pair analysis: 25 patients who had undergone Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer (Group-1) and 25 patients with similar characteristics who had undergone Open Radical Cystectomy (Group-2). The patients were operated from January 2005 to December 2012 in a single Institution.

Results:

Mean operative time for groups 1 and 2 were 350 and 280 minutes (p=0.03) respectively. Mean blood loss was 330 mL for group 1 and 580 mL for group 2 (p=0.04). Intraoperative transfusion rate was 0% and 36% for groups 1 and 2 respectively (p=0.005). Perioperative complication rate was similar between groups. Mean time to oral intake was 2 days for group 1 and 3 days for group 2 (p=0.08). Median hospital stay was 7 days for group 1 and 13 for group 2 (p=0.04). There were no differences in positive surgical margins and overall survival, between groups.

Conclusions:

In a reference center with pelvic laparoscopic expertise, Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy may be considered a safe procedure with similar complication rate of Open Radical Cystectomy. Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy is more time consuming, with reduced bleeding and transfusion rate. Hospital stay seems to be shorter. Oncologically no difference was observed in our mid-term follow-up.

Urologic cancers in Korea

The incidence and prevalence of prostate and kidney cancers have been increasing in Korea during the last decade, and a marked improvement in survival rates has been noted. With a substantial proportion of the cancers diagnosed at an earlier stage of the disease, the landscape of urologic cancer treatment in Korea has been characterized by an exponential increase in the number of patients receiving surgical treatment. Throughout the last decade, an increasing proportion of surgeries have been performed using minimally invasive methods, with a notable increase in robot-assisted surgery.The evaluation and management strategies of urologic cancer in Korea are primarily based on an existing evidence-based framework provided by international guidelines. The adoption and clinical application of novel surgical techniques and systemic agents targeted at advanced stage cancer are promptly adopted; accordingly, multidisciplinary treatment options are often available for various cancers at different stages. At the same time, treatment decisions are greatly influenced by the availability of healthcare resources, which may be limited due to the National Health Insurance reimbursement policy.A racial disparity in cancer features appears to exist for certain urologic cancers among Korean patients, and the optimal management strategy specific for the Korean population has yet to be confirmed. A national comprehensive cancer database is needed for better insight into risk factors, selection of sequential strategies, tumor biology and survival outcome of Korean urologic cancer patients.