Isoprenaline Induces Periostin Expression in Gastric Cancer

Effect of chronic stress on tumorigenesis and development

Chronic stress activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to aggravates tumorigenesis and development. Although the importance of SNS and HPA in maintaining homeostasis has already attracted much attention, there is still a lot remained unknown about the molecular mechanisms by which chronic stress influence the occurrence and development of tumor. While some researches have already concluded the mechanisms underlying the effect of chronic stress on tumor, complicated processes of tumor progression resulted in effects of chronic stress on various stages of tumor remains elusive. In this reviews we concluded recent research progresses of chronic stress and its effects on premalignancy, tumorigenesis and tumor development, we comprehensively summarized the molecular mechanisms in between. And we highlight the available treatments and potential therapies for stressed patients with tumor.

Assessment of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine in Gastric Carcinoma

The aim of our study was to assess the sympathetic nervous system’s involvement in the evolution of gastric carcinoma in patients by analyzing the mediators of this system (epinephrine and norepinephrine), as well as by analyzing the histological expression of the norepinephrine transporter (NET). We conducted an observational study including 91 patients diagnosed with gastric carcinoma and an additional 200 patients without cancer between November 2017 and October 2018. We set the primary endpoint as mortality from any cause in the first two years after enrolment in the study. The patients were monitored by a 24-h Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess sympathetic or parasympathetic predominance. Blood was also collected from the patients to measure plasma free metanephrine (Meta) and normetanephrine (N-Meta), and tumor histological samples were collected for the analysis of NET expression. All of this was performed prior to the application of any antineoplastic therapy. Each patient was monitored for two years. We found higher heart rates in patients with gastric carcinoma than those without cancer. Regarding Meta and N-Meta, elevated levels were recorded in the patients with gastric carcinoma, correlating with the degree of tumor differentiation and other negative prognostic factors such as tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastases. Elevated Meta and N-Meta was also associated with a poor survival rate. All these data suggest that the predominance of the sympathetic nervous system’s activity predicts increased gastric carcinoma severity.

Nervous system and gastric cancer

The nervous system has been recently shown to exert impact on gastric cancer directly and indirectly. Gastric cancer cells invade nerve fibers to induce outgrowth and branching of neural cells, and nerve fibers in turn infiltrate into tumor microenvironment to promote progression of gastric cancer. Additionally, the neuro-immune interaction also plays an important role in gastric cancer development. The interplay of nerves and gastric cancer is mediated by many nervous system-associated factors, which can not only be synthesized and released by both cancer cells and nerve terminals, but also participate in regulation of many aspects of gastric cancer such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and recurrence. Furthermore, clinical researches indicate that some of these factors are significant diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers for gastric cancer. Herein, we reviewed recent advances and future prospects of the interaction between nervous system and gastric cancer.

RETRACTED: Effects of lentivirus-mediated silencing of Periostin on tumor microenvironment and bone metastasis via the integrin-signaling pathway in lung cancer

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concern was raised about the reliability of the Western blot results in Figures 1B, 3B, 5B, and 8A which appear to have a similar phenotype as seen in many other publications, as detailed here: https://pubpeer.com/publications/E266A07D28435DB334E8777CAC97E3; and here: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1r0MyIYpagBc58BRF9c3luWNlCX8VUvUuPyYYXzxWvgY/edit#gid=262337249. In addition, a portion of Figure 6B, ‘NC’ group appears to contain image similarities with Figure 6B, ‘si-Integrin-αvβ3’ group, and a portion of Figure 6B, ‘Blank’ group appears to contain image similarities with Figure 6B, ‘NC’ group. The journal requested that the corresponding author comment on these concerns and provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to satisfactorily fulfill this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.