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Grigoryan S, Clines GA. Hormonal Control of Bone Architecture Throughout the Lifespan: Implications for Fracture Prediction and Prevention. Endocr Pract 2024; 30:687-694. [PMID: 38631489 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal modeling in childhood and adolescence and continuous remodeling throughout the lifespan are designed to adapt to a changing environment and resist external forces and fractures. The flux of sex steroids in men and women, beginning from fetal development and evolving through infancy, childhood, puberty, young adulthood, peri/menopause transition, and postmenopause, is critical for bone size, peak bone mass, and fracture resistance. OBJECTIVE This review will highlight how changes in sex steroids throughout the lifespan affect bone cells and the consequence of these changes on bone architecture and strength. METHODS Literature review and discussion. RESULTS The contributions of estrogen and testosterone on skeletal development have been difficult to study due to the reciprocal and intertwining contributions of one on the other. Although orchiectomy in men renders circulating testosterone absent, circulating estrogen also declines due to testosterone being the substrate for estradiol. The discovery of men with absent estradiol or resistance to estrogen and the study of mouse models led to the understanding that estrogen has a larger direct role in skeletal development and maintenance in men and women. The mechanistic reason for larger bone size in men is incompletely understood but related to indirect effects of testosterone on the skeleton, such as higher muscle mass leading to larger mechanical loading. Declines in sex steroids during menopause in women and androgen deprivation therapies in men have profound and negative effects on the skeleton. Therapies to prevent such bone loss are available, but how such therapies can be tailored based on bone size and architecture remains an area of investigation. CONCLUSION In this review, the elegant interplay and contribution of sex steroids on bone architecture in men and women throughout the lifespan is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Grigoryan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gregory A Clines
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Endocrinology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Vergara-Hernandez FB, Nielsen BD, Popovich JM, Panek CL, Logan AA, Robison CI, Ehrhardt RA, Johnson TN, Chargo NJ, Welsh TH, Bradbery AN, Leatherwood JL, Colbath AC. Clodronate disodium does not produce measurable effects on bone metabolism in an exercising, juvenile, large animal model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300360. [PMID: 38626145 PMCID: PMC11020481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are commonly used to treat and prevent bone loss, but their effects in active, juvenile populations are unknown. This study examined the effects of intramuscular clodronate disodium (CLO) on bone turnover, serum bone biomarkers (SBB), bone mineral density (BMD), bone microstructure, biomechanical testing (BT), and cartilage glycosaminoglycan content (GAG) over 165 days. Forty juvenile sheep (253 ± 6 days of age) were divided into four groups: Control (saline), T0 (0.6 mg/kg CLO on day 0), T84 (0.6 mg/kg CLO on day 84), and T0+84 (0.6 mg/kg CLO on days 0 and 84). Sheep were exercised 4 days/week and underwent physical and lameness examinations every 14 days. Blood samples were collected for SBB every 28 days. Microstructure and BMD were calculated from tuber coxae (TC) biopsies (days 84 and 165) and bone healing was assessed by examining the prior biopsy site. BT and GAG were evaluated postmortem. Data, except lameness data, were analyzed using a mixed-effects model; lameness data were analyzed as ordinal data using a cumulative logistic model. CLO did not have any measurable effects on the skeleton of sheep. SBB showed changes over time (p ≤ 0.03), with increases in bone formation and decreases in some bone resorption markers. TC biopsies showed increasing bone volume fraction, trabecular spacing and thickness, and reduced trabecular number on day 165 versus day 84 (p ≤ 0.04). These changes may be attributed to exercise or growth. The absence of a treatment effect may be explained by the lower CLO dose used in large animals compared to humans. Further research is needed to examine whether low doses of bisphosphonates may be used in active juvenile populations for analgesia without evidence of bone changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando B. Vergara-Hernandez
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Natural Resources and Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Santo Tomas, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Brian D. Nielsen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - John M. Popovich
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Clinical Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Char L. Panek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Alyssa A. Logan
- School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Cara I. Robison
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Ehrhardt
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Tyler N. Johnson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Chargo
- Department of Physiology, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Welsh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amanda N. Bradbery
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Leatherwood
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aimee C. Colbath
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Jin BH, Woo J, Lee M, Ku S, Moon HS, Ryu SJ, Hyun YM, Park JY, Kuh SU, Cho YE. Optimization of the optical transparency of bones by PACT-based passive tissue clearing. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2190-2204. [PMID: 37779150 PMCID: PMC10618275 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in tissue clearing methods such as the passive clearing technique (PACT) have allowed three-dimensional analysis of biological structures in whole, intact tissues, thereby providing a greater understanding of spatial relationships and biological circuits. Nonetheless, the issues that remain in maintaining structural integrity and preventing tissue expansion/shrinkage with rapid clearing still inhibit the wide application of these techniques in hard bone tissues, such as femurs and tibias. Here, we present an optimized PACT-based bone-clearing method, Bone-mPACT+, that protects biological structures. Bone-mPACT+ and four different decalcifying procedures were tested for their ability to improve bone tissue clearing efficiency without sacrificing optical transparency; they rendered nearly all types of bone tissues transparent. Both mouse and rat bones were nearly transparent after the clearing process. We also present a further modification, the Bone-mPACT+ Advance protocol, which is specifically optimized for processing the largest and hardest rat bones for easy clearing and imaging using established tissue clearing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Ho Jin
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, International ST Mary´s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Woo
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Biohedron, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirae Lee
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hyung Seok Moon
- Biomedical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Ryu
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Daejeon, 35233, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yoon Park
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Uk Kuh
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device Engineering and Management, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Eun Cho
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wiltse Memorial Hospital, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16480, Republic of Korea.
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Wojciechowska-Puchałka J, Calik J, Krawczyk J, Obrzut J, Tomaszewska E, Muszyński S, Wojtysiak D. The effect of caponization on bone homeostasis of crossbred roosters. I. Analysis of tibia bone mineralization, densitometric, osteometric, geometric and biomechanical properties. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14512. [PMID: 37667027 PMCID: PMC10477200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The presented study focuses on assessing the effect of caponization on the densitometric, osteometric, geometric and biomechanical parameters of tibial bones in crossbred chickens. The study was carried out on 96 hybrids between Yellowleg Partridge hens (Ż-33) and Rhode Island Red cockerels (R-11) aged 16 weeks, 20 weeks and 24 weeks. Birds were randomly assigned to 2 groups-the control group (n = 48; which consisted of intact roosters) and the experimental group (n = 48, which consisted of individuals subjected to caponization at the age of 8 weeks). The caponization had no effect on the densitometric, osteometric and geometric parameters (except the horizontal internal diameter of 16-week-old individuals) of tibia bone, as well as the content of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and the Ca/P ratio in the bone mineral fraction in all analyzed age groups of animals. However, it contributes to a lower percentage of ash in the bones of capons at 20 and 24 weeks of age compared to cockerels. On the contrary, some mechanical and material parameters show the negative effect of caponization. Ultimate load and bending moment decreased in capons in all of the analyzed age groups of animals and yield load, stiffness and ultimate stress also decreased but only in the group of 20-week-old and 24-week-old individuals. This can contribute to the weakening of the capon bones, and in the perspective of prolonged maintenance to their deformation and even fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wojciechowska-Puchałka
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 24/28 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059, Cracow, Poland.
| | - J Calik
- Department of Poultry Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083, Balice, Poland
| | - J Krawczyk
- Department of Poultry Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083, Balice, Poland
| | - J Obrzut
- Department of Poultry Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083, Balice, Poland
| | - E Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - S Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - D Wojtysiak
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Ethology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 24/28 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059, Cracow, Poland
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de Paiva Gonçalves V, Cabrera-Ortega AA, Carvalho JDS, Ramadan D, Spolidorio LC. Physiological testosterone replacement effects on male aged rats with orchiectomy-induced osteoporosis in advanced stage: a tomographic and biomechanical pilot study. Aging Male 2021; 24:139-147. [PMID: 34647515 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2021.1990256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physiological testosterone replacement on male aged rats with orchiectomy-induced osteoporosis in advanced stage.Methods: Thirty male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Holtzman lineage) were randomly distributed into 3 groups (n = 10): 1-sham, 2-orchiectomy (OCX), 3-OCX + testosterone replacement (OCX + T). On day 0, a sham or orchiectomy surgery was performed according to the groups. Thirty and sixty days after surgeries, the animals from OCX + T group received testosterone intramuscularly, and the rats in all groups were euthanized on day 77. The femurs were removed for micro-CT scanning and biomechanical test.Results: Orchiectomy resulted in a marked trabecular bone damage (p < 0.05), which was not reversed with testosterone treatment (OCX + T group). The femoral strength was lower in orchiectomized animals (p < 0.05), while the bone strength in OCX + T group was similar to that observed in the sham animals (p > 0.05) and correlated to this parameter the deformation of rupture was smaller in OCX + T group.Conclusion: In conclusion, testosterone depletion induced by orchiectomy established an osteoporotic environment, mainly affecting the trabecular bone. Moreover, even though testosterone treatment did not enhance these variables, the hormonal replacement improved the femoral fracture strength and promoted beneficial effects on the biomechanical parameters compromised by castration in femoral bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius de Paiva Gonçalves
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo State, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Adriana Alicia Cabrera-Ortega
- School of Dentistry, Center of Advanced Research and Study in Dentistry, Autonomous University of State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Jhonatan de Souza Carvalho
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo State, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Dania Ramadan
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo State, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo State, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
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Impact of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content in a Rat Model of Male Hypogonadism. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040185. [PMID: 33238425 PMCID: PMC7711937 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The present study examined the effect DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) and biomarkers of bone remodeling in orchidectomized male rats. Material and Methods: A total of 32 male rats were divided equally into four groups (n = 8): (i) control group (C), (ii) control treated with DHEA (Control + DHEA), (iii) orchidectomized (ORCH) group that underwent bilateral orchidectomy and (iv) orchidectomized (ORCH) rats treated with DHEA (ORCH+DHEA). DHEA treatment started 4 weeks after orchidectomy and continued for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were assayed in the tibia and femur of the right hind limb of each rat. We also measured the serum levels of the bone turnover markers deoxypyridinoline (Dpd), N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b) and osteocalcin (OC) as well as receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Results: Orchidectomy in rats caused significant reduction in BMD, BMC, serum levels of testosterone, PTH (parathyroid hormone), OPG, OC and ALP with significant rise in serum levels of TRAP-5B, RANK, Dpd and NTx1 (p < 0.05). On the other hand, DHEA therapy for 12 weeks caused significant improvement in all studied parameters except NTx1 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: DHEA corrected hypogonadism-induced osteoporosis in male rats probably via inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, stimulating the activity of osteoblasts and stimulating the secretion of PTH and testosterone.
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Abo-Aziza FAM, Zaki AA, Amer AS, Lotfy RA. Dihydrotestosterone and 17-Estradiol Enhancement of in vitro Osteogenic Differentiation of Castrated Male Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (rBMMSCs). Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2019; 13:208-219. [PMID: 31871596 PMCID: PMC6925365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In vitro impact of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 17-estradiol (E2) in osteogenic differentiation of castrated rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMMSC) still need to be clarified. Materials and Methods: The viability, proliferation and density of cultured rBMMSC isolated from sham operated (Sham) and castrated (Cast) male rats were evaluated. rBMMSC were cultured with osteogenic differentiating medium (ODM) in the presence of DHT (5,10 nM) and E2 (10,100 nM). Osteogenesis was evaluated by alizarin red staining and measurement of calcium deposition and bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) activity. Results: Population doubling (PD) of rBMMSC isolated from Cast rats was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to that isolated from Sham rats. rBMMSC from Cast rats showed low scattered calcified nodule after culturing in ODM and did not cause a significant increase in calcium deposition and B-ALP activity compared to rBMMSCs from Sham rats. Exposure of rBMMSC isolated from Cast rats to DHT (5 nM) or E2 (10 nM) in ODM showed medium scattered calcified nodules with significantly higher (P<0.05) calcium deposition and B-ALP activity. Moreover, exposure of rBMMSC to DHT (10 nM) or E2 (100 nM) showed high scattered calcified nodules with higher (P<0.01) calcium deposition and B-ALP activity Conclusion: These results indicated that the presence of testes might participate in controlling the in vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capacity of rBMMSCs. DHT and E2 can enhance the osteogenic capacity of rBMMSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these observations, optimum usage of DHT and E2 can overcome the limitations of MSCs and advance the therapeutic bone regeneration potential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- FAM Abo-Aziza
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - AA Zaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - AS Amer
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - RA Lotfy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Saki F, Kasaee SR, Sadeghian F, Talezadeh P, Ranjbar Omrani GH. The effect of testosterone itself and in combination with letrozole on bone mineral density in male rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:668-675. [PMID: 30392074 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-018-0972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Testosterone is an essential hormone to maintain bone integrity; however, the effect of aromatase enzyme in androgen-induced bone maintenance remains somewhat unclear. The present study evaluated the effect of testosterone itself and combined with letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, on bone mineral density of male rats. Total of 48 male rats were divided into 4 equal groups (n = 12/group); sham group, O: orchiectomy, O + T: orchiectomized rats treated with testosterone, O + T + L: orchiectomized rats treated with combination of testosterone and letrozole. Bone density (BMD), bone markers, and vitamin D metabolism parameters were checked in all groups before and after the study. There was no significant difference in baseline values of these parameters, but at the end of the study there was a significant decrease in delta BMD at both lumbar and femor in orchiectomized rats in comparison with the sham group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Both testosterone and its combination with letrozole increased lumbar and femoral BMD of orchiectomized rats, with a higher increase in lumbar BMD in O + T group. CTX were higher in O group rats. The present study showed a major role for testosterone on BMD maintenance in male rats. However, testosterone has a potent effect on lumbar BMD, by the aromatization to estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Saki
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Kasaee
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Sadeghian
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pedram Talezadeh
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Ranjbar Omrani
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran.
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The Antiosteoporosis Effects of Zhuanggu Guanjie Pill In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9075318. [PMID: 30345311 PMCID: PMC6174756 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9075318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms of Zhuanggu Guanjie (ZGGJ) pill in osteoporosis in vitro and in vivo. Bone marrow macrophages from 4–6-week-old mice were cultured in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (15 ng/mL) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (30 ng/mL). Osteoclast differentiation was determined by quantification of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity. Gelatin zymography was used to detect the activity of matrix metalloproteinases in osteoclasts. Ovariectomized rats were administered orally with estradiol valerate or ZGGJ for 8 weeks. Blood was collected to measure serum indices. Tibiae were harvested to carry out bone microcomputed tomography scanning, histomorphological analysis, and bone strength determination. ZGGJ inhibited tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression, and bone resorption in vitro. At doses of 0.55, 1.1, and 2.2 g/kg, ZGGJ exerted significant osteoprotective effects including inhibition of bone turnover markers and improved tibia bone strength in ovariectomized rats. Microcomputed tomographic analysis showed that ZGGJ improved the trabecular architecture with increased connectivity density and trabecular thickness and decreased trabecular spacing. These results revealed that ZGGJ prevents bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats and that inhibition of bone resorption is involved in the bone-protective effects of ZGGJ.
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Optimization of the Time Window of Interest in Ovariectomized Imprinting Control Region Mice for Antiosteoporosis Research. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8417814. [PMID: 29119115 PMCID: PMC5651096 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8417814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the optimal window of time during which the properties of osteoporosis are obvious and to explore the best region of interest for microstructural evaluation in antiosteoporosis research in an ovariectomized mouse model by examining changes in micro-computed tomography parameters and serum indices. Ovariectomized mice and sham-operated mice were randomly divided into five groups. At the end of the 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th, and 20th weeks after ovariectomy, the microstructure of the proximal tibia and distal femur was scanned by micro-computed tomography and blood samples were collected to detect serum biochemical indicators including alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP), and C-terminal telopeptide fragment of type I collagen (CTX1). The trabecular number and connectivity density decreased while the trabecular thickness and trabecular separation increased, indicating substantial changes in the trabecular microstructure of both the tibia and femur and significant changes in bone turnover after ovariectomy, as indicated by lower levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and P1NP and higher level of CTX1 in the ovariectomy than sham group. The proximal tibia from weeks 8 to 16 after ovariectomy was optimal for osteoporosis research in this model.
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