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O'Reilly S. S100A4 a classical DAMP as a therapeutic target in fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2024; 127:1-7. [PMID: 38219976 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis regardless of aetiology is characterised by persistently activated myofibroblasts that are contractile and secrete excessive amounts of extracellular matrix molecules that leads to loss of organ function. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous host-derived molecules that are released from cells dying or under stress that can be triggered by a variety of insults, either chemical or physical, leading to an inflammatory response. Among these DAMPs is S100A4, part of the S100 family of calcium binding proteins that participate in a variety of cellular processes. S100A4 was first described in context of cancer as a pro-metastatic factor. It is now appreciated that aside from its role in cancer promotion, S100A4 is intimately involved in tissue fibrosis. The extracellular form of S100A4 exerts its effects through multiple receptors including Toll-Like Receptor 4 and RAGE to evoke signalling cascades involving downstream mediators facilitating extracellular matrix deposition and myofibroblast generation and can play a role in persistent activation of myofibroblasts. S100A4 may be best understood as an amplifier of inflammatory and fibrotic processes. S100A4 appears critical in systemic sclerosis pathogenesis and blocking the extracellular form of S100A4 in vivo in various animal models of disease mitigates fibrosis and may even reverse established disease. This review appraises S100A4's position as a DAMP and its role in fibrotic conditions and highlight therapeutically targeting this protein to halt fibrosis, suggesting that it is a tractable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven O'Reilly
- Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, United Kingdom.
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Delangre E, Oppliger E, Berkcan S, Gjorgjieva M, Correia de Sousa M, Foti M. S100 Proteins in Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911030. [PMID: 36232334 PMCID: PMC9570375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent and slow progressing hepatic pathology characterized by different stages of increasing severity which can ultimately give rise to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Besides drastic lifestyle changes, few drugs are effective to some extent alleviate NAFLD and HCC remains a poorly curable cancer. Among the deregulated molecular mechanisms promoting NAFLD and HCC, several members of the S100 proteins family appear to play an important role in the development of hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and HCC. Specific members of this Ca2+-binding protein family are indeed significantly overexpressed in either parenchymal or non-parenchymal liver cells, where they exert pleiotropic pathological functions driving NAFLD/NASH to severe stages and/or cancer development. The aberrant activity of S100 specific isoforms has also been reported to drive malignancy in liver cancers. Herein, we discuss the implication of several key members of this family, e.g., S100A4, S100A6, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A11, in NAFLD and HCC, with a particular focus on their intracellular versus extracellular functions in different hepatic cell types. Their clinical relevance as non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for the different stages of NAFLD and HCC, or their pharmacological targeting for therapeutic purpose, is further debated.
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Wen X, Yu X, Tian Y, Liu Z, Cheng W, Li H, Kang J, Wei T, Yuan S, Tian J. Quantitative shear wave elastography in primary invasive breast cancers, based on collagen-S100A4 pathology, indicates axillary lymph node metastasis. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:624-633. [PMID: 32269923 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2020.02.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of quantitative shear wave elastography (SWE) in indicating the axillary lymph node metastasis (LNM) of invasive breast cancers (IBCs) and to investigate if S100A4 plays a key role in promoting metastasis and increasing stiffness in IBC. Methods The differences in SWE of 223 IBC patients were compared between the LNM+ and LNM- groups and the optimal cutoff values of SWE for diagnosing LNM were calculated. We searched the gene expression omnibus (GEO) to determine whether S100A4 was more highly expressed in IBCs that were LNM+ than in those that were LNM-. Sirius red and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine the collagen deposition and S100A4 expression of included tissue samples, and correlations of SWE and S100A4 expression with collagen deposition were analyzed. Results The optimal cutoff values for Emax (the maximum stiff value), Emean (the mean stiff value), and EmeanR (the ratio of Emean between mass and parenchyma) for diagnosing axillary LNM were 111.05 kPa, 79.80 kPa, and 6.89, respectively. GSE9893 exhibited more increased S100A4 expression in IBCs that were LNM+ than in those that were LNM-. Collagen volume fraction (CVF) and the average optical density of S100A4 (AODS100A4) in the LNM+ group were significantly higher than those in the LNM- group. Emax, Emean, EmeanR, and AODS100A4 were all positively correlated with CVF. Conclusions SWE in primary IBC could be useful for indicating axillary LNM. S100A4 may be a factor that regulates cancer-associated collagen deposition and metastasis; however, prospective molecular biological studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiwen Yu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yuhang Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hairu Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jia Kang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tianci Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shasha Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jiawei Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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Rein-Fischboeck L, Haberl EM, Pohl R, Feder S, Liebisch G, Krautbauer S, Buechler C. Variations in hepatic lipid species of age-matched male mice fed a methionine-choline-deficient diet and housed in different animal facilities. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:172. [PMID: 31521175 PMCID: PMC6745065 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common disease and feeding mice a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet is a frequently used model to study its pathophysiology. Genetic and environmental factors influence NASH development and liver lipid content, which was studied herein using C57BL/6 J mice bred in two different animal facilities. Methods Age-matched male C57BL/6 J mice bred in two different animal facilities (later on referred to as WT1 and WT2) at the University Hospital of Regensburg were fed identical MCD or control chows for 2 weeks. Hepatic gene and protein expression and lipid composition were determined. Results NASH was associated with increased hepatic triglycerides, which were actually higher in WT1 than WT2 liver in both dietary groups. Cholesterol contributes to hepatic injury but was only elevated in WT2 NASH liver. Ceramides account for insulin resistance and cell death, and ceramide species d18:1/16:0 and d18:1/18:0 were higher in the NASH liver of both groups. Saturated sphingomyelins only declined in WT1 NASH liver. Lysophosphatidylcholine concentrations were quite normal in NASH and only one of the 12 altered phosphatidylcholine species declined in NASH liver of both groups. Very few phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol species were comparably regulated in NASH liver of both animal groups. Seven of these lipid species declined and two increased in NASH. Notably, hepatic mRNA expression of proinflammatory (F4/80, CD68, IL-6, TNF and chemerin) and profibrotic genes (TGF beta and alpha SMA) was comparable in WT1 and WT2 mice. Conclusions Mice housed and bred in different animal facilities had comparable disease severity of NASH whereas liver lipids varied among the groups. Thus, there was no specific lipid signature for NASH in the MCD model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-019-1114-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rein-Fischboeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, D-93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M Haberl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, D-93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Pohl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, D-93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Feder
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, D-93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, D-93042, Regensburg, Germany.
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Chen X, Tan XR, Li SJ, Zhang XX. LncRNA NEAT1 promotes hepatic lipid accumulation via regulating miR-146a-5p/ROCK1 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Life Sci 2019; 235:116829. [PMID: 31484042 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a severe liver disease, which influences the health of people worldwide. However, the specific mechanism of the disease remains unknown, and effective treatments are still lacking. It was reported that Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) obviously was up-regulated in NAFLD model. But the role and underlying mechanism of NEAT1 in NAFLD is unclear. METHODS HepG2 cells were treated by free fatty acids (FFA) and C57BL/6J mice were treated by high-fat diet to establish NAFLD in vitro and in vivo models, respectively. Cell transfection was applied to regulate the expression of NEAT1, ROCK1, and miR-146a-5p. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used for measuring expression of protein and mRNA level, respectively. Dual luciferase assay was used to detect the target relationship. Oil Red O staining was used to measure the lipid accumulation. HE staining was used for observing pathological feature of liver tissues. RESULTS High levels of NEAT1 and ROCK1, and low level of miR-146a-5p were identified in NAFLD models. NEAT1 could target miR-146a-5p to promote ROCK1 expression. Knockdown of NEAT1, overexpression of miR-146a-5p and knockdown of ROCK1 inhibited lipid accumulation through activating AMPK pathway. CONCLUSION NEAT1 may regulate NAFLD through miR-146a-5p targeting ROCK1, and further affect AMPK/SREBP pathway. This study may provide a new thought for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Univeristy, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xin-Rui Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Univeristy, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Univeristy, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xing-Xing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Univeristy, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, PR China.
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Sun Y, Song Y, Liu C, Geng J. LncRNA NEAT1-MicroRNA-140 axis exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver through interrupting AMPK/SREBP-1 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:584-590. [PMID: 31239155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a severe liver disease, which influences the health of people worldwide. However, the mechanism modulating the pathogenesis of NAFLD remains elusive. It was reported that nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) and microRNA-140 (miR-140) could regulate lipogenesis, but whether they could influence NAFLD are still unknown. METHODS HepG2 cells were treated by free fatty acids (FFA) to establish the model of NAFLD in vitro, and C57 mice were treated by high-fat diet to establish the model of NAFLD in vivo. Cell transfection was applied to regulate the expression of NEAT1 and miR-140. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were applied for measuring expression of protein and mRNA, respectively. HE staining and Oil Red O staining were used for observing liver tissues. RESULTS NEAT1 and miR-140 are upregulated in hepacytes under the NAFLD conditions. NEAT1 directly binds to miR-140 and acts synergistically with miR-140 to exacerbate the progression of NAFLD. Reciprocally, silence of miR-140 or NEAT1 alleviates the severity of NAFLD. The mechanistical study shows that the axis of NEAT1-miR-140 inactivates AMPK/SREBP-1 signaling during the NAFLD. . CONCLUSION The NEAT1-miR-140 axis play a crucial role in modulation of NAFLD via inactivation of AMPK/SREBP1 signaling. This study may provide a novel insight for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfu Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Weihai, China.
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Weihai, China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Southern Ward of Weihai Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Weihai, China
| | - Jianli Geng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Weihai, China
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