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Willoughby ME, Ramsey-Morrow JL, Littell KA, Hammond FM. Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Functional Outcomes and Disposition After Liver Transplant. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2024; 6:100332. [PMID: 39006115 PMCID: PMC11240025 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2024.100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the outcomes (change in functional independence and discharge disposition) of patients who after liver transplantation received acute inpatient rehabilitation in a freestanding rehabilitation hospital. Design A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients admitted to an acute inpatient rehabilitation hospital within 6 months of undergoing liver transplantation between January 2014 and December 2018. Change in function from rehabilitation admission to discharge was measured using FIM Change and FIM Efficiency. Setting A freestanding rehabilitation hospital. Participants 107 patients who underwent acute inpatient rehabilitation at a freestanding rehabilitation hospital within 6 months after liver transplantation who met inclusion criteria (N=107). Most were men (71.96%), and the mean age of the patient population was 62.15 years. Interventions Acute inpatient rehabilitation consisting of at least 3 hours of therapy 5 days a week split between physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech language pathology services. Main Outcome Measure FIM Change, FIM Efficiency, Discharge Disposition. Results Participants were found to have statistically significant positive FIM Change (P<.00001) and FIM Efficiency (P<.00001). The mean FIM Change and Efficiency were 35.7±11.8 and 2.4±1.0, respectively. 83.2% (n = 89) were ultimately discharged to the community. Conclusion Acute inpatient rehabilitation provides patients who have received a liver transplant with the opportunity to measurably improve their function and independence, with most patients being able to return home.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob L Ramsey-Morrow
- Indiana University Health, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kyle A Littell
- Indiana University Health, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Flora M Hammond
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Indianapolis, IN
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Zhang D, Wei J, Li X. The mediating effect of social functioning on the relationship between social support and fatigue in middle-aged and young recipients with liver transplant in China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:895259. [PMID: 35992430 PMCID: PMC9382128 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.895259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to explore the relationship between social support and fatigue as well as the mediating role of social functioning on that relationship.BackgroundPsychosocial factors such as social support and social functioning may influence patients’ fatigue symptoms. There is limited evidence on the relationship between social support, social functioning, and fatigue in liver transplant recipients.MethodsA total of 210 patients with liver transplants from two tertiary hospitals were enrolled in the current study. Questionnaires used include one for general demographic data, the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS), and Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI).ResultsA total of 126 (60%) recipients reported fatigue. Gender, residence, BMI, and liver function were the primary factors affecting fatigue. Social support was positively correlated with social functioning and was negatively correlated with fatigue. The effect of social support on fatigue was partially mediated by social functioning (35.74%).ConclusionThe fatigue of liver transplant recipients should be attended to. The higher the social support, the lower the fatigue of liver transplant recipients. Social support may also reduce fatigue through social functioning. The liver transplant team should help the liver transplant recipient establish a social support system, restore social functioning, and reduce fatigue symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Nursing Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junling Wei
- Rehabilitation Department, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Li,
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Guirguis RN, Nashaat EH, Yassin AE, Ibrahim WA, Saleh SA, Bahaa M, El-Meteini M, Fathy M, Dabbous HM, Montasser IF, Salah M, Mohamed GA. Impact of biliary complications on quality of life in live-donor liver transplant recipients. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1405-1416. [PMID: 34786175 PMCID: PMC8568573 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i10.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant advancements in liver transplantation (LT) surgical procedures and perioperative care, post-LT biliary complications (BCs) remain a significant source of morbidity, mortality, and graft failure. In addition, data are conflicting regarding the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of LT recipients. Thus, the success of LT should be considered in terms of both the survival and recovery of HRQoL.
AIM To assess the impact of BCs on the HRQoL of live-donor LT recipients (LDLT-Rs).
METHODS We retrospectively analysed data for 25 LDLT-Rs who developed BCs post-LT between January 2011 and December 2016 at our institution. The Short Form 12 version 2 (SF 12v2) health survey was used to assess their HRQoL. We also included 25 LDLT-Rs without any post-LT complications as a control group.
RESULTS The scores for HRQoL of LDLT-Rs who developed BCs were significantly higher than the norm-based scores in the domains of physical functioning (P = 0.003), role-physical (P < 0.001), bodily pain (P = 0.003), general health (P = 0.004), social functioning (P = 0.005), role-emotional (P < 0.001), and mental health (P < 0.001). No significant difference between the two groups regarding vitality was detected (P = 1.000). The LDLT-Rs with BCs had significantly lower scores than LDLT-Rs without BCs in all HRQoL domains (P < 0.001) and the mental (P < 0.001) and physical (P = 0.0002) component summary scores.
CONCLUSION The development of BCs in LDLT-Rs causes a lower range of improvement in HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginia Nabil Guirguis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt
| | - Ehab Hasan Nashaat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt
| | - Azza Emam Yassin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt
| | - Wesam Ahmed Ibrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt
| | - Shereen A Saleh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Bahaa
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Meteini
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fathy
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt
| | - Hany Mansour Dabbous
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt
| | - Iman Fawzy Montasser
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt
| | - Manar Salah
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt
| | - Ghada Abdelrahman Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt
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Effect of Music on Fatigue, Comfort, and Vital Signs in Patients After Liver Transplant Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Holist Nurs Pract 2021; 35:150-157. [PMID: 33853099 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of music therapy on fatigue, comfort and vital signs of the liver transplant patients. The study sample comprised 120 adult patients (60 in the experimental and 60 in the control group) who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. In the experimental group, the researcher performed music therapy. After applying music therapy once to patients for 30 minutes, their fatigue, comfort, and vital signs were evaluated. No treatment was performed in the control group. According to music therapy follow-ups after liver transplantation, mean scores of fatigue levels were lower, comfort levels were higher, and vital signs were normal, with a statistical significance in the experimental group compared with the control group in all measurements before and after music therapy (P < .001). The study should be repeated using different parameters.
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Sung PS, Han JW, Seo C, Ahn J, Lee SK, Nam HC, Choi HJ, You YK, Jang JW, Choi JY, Yoon SK. Real-Life Experience of mTOR Inhibitors in Liver Transplant Recipients in a Region Where Living Donation Is Predominant. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:685176. [PMID: 34326770 PMCID: PMC8314303 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.685176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, such as everolimus and sirolimus, may be efficacious in preserving renal function in liver transplantation (LT) recipients while preventing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence. Materials and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the safety, efficacy, and renoprotective effects of mTOR inhibitors in LT recipients. Among the 84 patients enrolled, mTOR inhibitor was commenced during the first year after LT. Renal function was measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. Results: Regarding the type of mTOR inhibitor, everolimus was used in 71 patients and sirolimus in 13 patients. Concomitant tacrolimus was used in 63 patients (75.0%). For total enrolled patients, kidney function did not significantly change during 12 months after initiation of mTOR inhibitors, although tacrolimus-withdrawn patients (n = 21) showed better kidney function compared to tacrolimus-minimized patients (n = 63) after conversion. However, a significant improvement in kidney function was observed in the eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 group (n = 19) 12 months after initiation of mTOR inhibitors, for both patient groups with early + mid starters (n = 7, stating within 1 year after LT) and late starters (n = 12, starting over 1 year after LT). mTOR inhibitors were safely administered without serious adverse events that led to drug discontinuation. Conclusion: We demonstrated that patients with renal impairment showed significant improvement in renal function regardless of the timing of mTOR inhibitor start, suggesting that switch to mTOR inhibitors may be beneficial when renal function declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Soo Sung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changho Seo
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joseph Ahn
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Kyu Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Chul Nam
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Joong Choi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kyoung You
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Young Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,The Catholic Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Zheng Q, Wang R, Shi Y, Sun Q. Effects of acupoint massage combined with relaxation therapy on patients with postoperative fatigue syndrome after lumbar surgery. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25849. [PMID: 34106628 PMCID: PMC8133127 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND : Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common disease in orthopedics. Surgery is shown to provide significant faster relief of pain compared to conservative therapy. However, due to the influence of surgical trauma, anesthesia and other perioperative stress factors, patients may have complications. Among them, postoperative fatigue syndrome (POFS) is a common complication. Traditional Chinese medicine or integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine have been proved to be effective in improving postoperative fatigue. METHODS : This study is a randomized controlled trial. One hundred eighty Chinese patients with POFS of LDH will be randomly divided into control group, experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and experimental group 3 according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1. The patients in the control group will be treated with conventional treatment after operation, the patients in the experimental group 1 will be treated with acupoint massage, the patients in the experimental group 2 will be treated with relaxation therapy, and the patients in the experimental group 3 will be treated with acupoint massage combined with relaxation therapy. The whole treatment will last for 5 days. The main outcome measures will be fatigue visual analogue scale and identity-consequence fatigue scale, and the secondary outcome measures will be hospital anxiety and depression scale. DISCUSSION : This study is to observe the effects of acupoint massage comblined with relaxation therapy on reducing postoperative fatigue of lumbar disc herniation surgical patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION : Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=123978&htm=4), No. ChiCTR2100044788. Registered on March 27, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Zheng
- Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Rongyun Wang
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Shi
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhua Sun
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Health-related quality of life, workability, and return to work of patients after liver transplantation. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2021; 406:1951-1961. [PMID: 33956200 PMCID: PMC8481138 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-021-02183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Health-related quality of life (HrQoL) and workability are related parameters to measure success of therapy. Both have been insufficiently explored in patients after liver transplantation (LT). Particularly little is known about patients’ attitude to return to work, employment status before LT, and how frequently there is any employment at any time after LT. Methods This is a single-center retrospective cohort study including 150 adult outpatients after LT. Liver transplantations had been performed between 1993 and 2018. The study was carried out from February to July 2018. The exclusion criteria were combined transplantations, positive screening for current alcohol abuse, and anxiety or depression. To evaluate HrQoL and fitness to work, the patients were tested using the Short Form 36, the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire, and the Work Ability Index. Key results The return rate of sufficiently filled-in questionnaires was 46.8% (66 patients). The mean age of patients was 59.9 years (SD=10.8), ranging from 25 to 78 years old. HrQoL was partly comparable to the normal population. Workability sum scores with a mean value of 31.61 (SD 9.79) suggested moderate workability at present. While only 28.8% of respondents were ever employed after LT, 45.5% currently wished to work or would have wished to work. Conclusions HRQL seems to be partly similar to population data, and subjective workability seems to be moderate in patients after LT. Despite a positive attitude to return to work in almost half of respondents, a lower rate of actual return to work was found in this study.
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Almgren M, Lundqvist P, Lennerling A, Forsberg A. Fatigue after heart transplantation - a possible barrier to self-efficacy. Scand J Caring Sci 2020; 35:1301-1308. [PMID: 33369757 PMCID: PMC9291191 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rationale Recovery after heart transplantation is challenging and many heart recipients struggle with various transplant‐related symptoms, side‐effects of immunosuppressive medications and mental challenges. Fatigue has been reported to be one of the most common and distressing symptoms after heart transplantation and might therefore constitute a barrier to self‐efficacy, which acts as a moderator of self‐management. Aim To explore the prevalence of fatigue and its relationship to self‐efficacy among heart recipients 1–5 years after transplantation. Research method An explorative cross‐sectional design, including 79 heart recipients due for follow‐up 1–5 years after transplantation. Three different self‐assessment instruments were employed; The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory‐19, Self‐efficacy for managing chronic disease 6‐Item Scale and The Postoperative Recovery Profile. Ethical approval The study was approved by the Regional Ethics Board of Lund (Dnr. 2014/670‐14/10) with supplementary approval from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr. 2019‐02769). Results The reported levels of fatigue for the whole group were moderate in all dimensions of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory‐19, with highest ratings in the General Fatigue sub‐scale. Those most fatigued were the groups younger than 50 years; pretransplant treatment with Mechanical Circulatory Support; not recovered or had not returned to work. Self‐efficacy was associated with the sub‐dimensions Mental Fatigue (ρ = −0·.649) and Reduced Motivation (ρ = −0·617), which explained 40·1% of the variance when controlled for age and gender. Study limitations The small sample size constitutes a limitation. Conclusions The moderate levels of fatigue reported indicate that it is not a widespread problem. However, for those suffering from severe fatigue it is a troublesome symptom that affects the recovery process and their ability to return to work. Efforts should be made to identify those troubled by fatigue to enable sufficient self‐management support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Almgren
- Department of Health Sciences at Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia Lundqvist
- Department of Health Sciences at Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annette Lennerling
- The Transplant Centre, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Forsberg
- Department of Health Sciences at Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Thoracic surgery at, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Ryu S, Yoon SC, Hong KE, Kim JM. Psychosocial Issues Related to Donor's Decision-Making in Living Donor Liver Transplantation. Ann Transplant 2019; 24:576-583. [PMID: 31624226 PMCID: PMC6820347 DOI: 10.12659/aot.916340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the detailed motives, concerns, and psychological defensiveness of living liver donor candidates in a Korean population. Material/Methods We analyzed data of 102 donor candidates obtained from routine psychosocial evaluation for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using descriptive methods. Donor candidates completed 2 questionnaires regarding their motivations and concerns, as well as a validity scale, the K scale from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. Results Donor candidates were more likely to cite family-related issues (77.5% to 94.1%) including well-being of the whole family and family affection as the reasons for their liver donation rather than personal motives (38.2% to 57.8%). Donors were also more likely to concern about the recipient’s survival and recovery (52.9% to 58.8%) rather than their own difficulties such as surgical complications and occupational disadvantages (19.6% to 38.2%). Twenty-six donors (25.5%) took a psychologically defensive attitude (T-score of K scale ≥65) during the pre-donation evaluation. Psychologically defensive donors expressed a significantly lower level of concern about liver donation compared to non-defensive donors (P<0.01). Conclusions We need to pay more attention to the family-related issues and psychological defensiveness of living liver donor candidates when evaluating psychosocial status before LDLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyong Ryu
- Department of Mental Health Research, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Se Chang Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Eun Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Man Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim JM. Rehabilitation for social reintegration in liver transplant patients. Clin Mol Hepatol 2018; 24:370-371. [PMID: 30531662 PMCID: PMC6313018 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2018.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Man Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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