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Dai X, Wang L, Deivasigamni A, Looi CY, Karthikeyan C, Trivedi P, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Arfuso F, Dharmarajan A, Goh BC, Hui KM, Kumar AP, Mustafa MR, Sethi G. A novel benzimidazole derivative, MBIC inhibits tumor growth and promotes apoptosis via activation of ROS-dependent JNK signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12831-12842. [PMID: 28086233 PMCID: PMC5355059 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A prior screening programme carried out using MTT assay by our group identified a series of novel benzimidazole derivatives, among which Methyl 2-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylate (MBIC) showed highest anticancer efficacy compared to that of chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin. In the present study, we found that MBIC inhibited cell viability in different hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines without exerting significant cytotoxic effects on normal liver cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry analysis and Western blotting results indicated that MBIC can induce apoptosis in HCC cells, which was found to be mediated through mitochondria associated proteins ultimately leading to the activation of caspase-3. The exposure to MBIC also resulted in remarkable impairment of HCC cell migration and invasion. In addition, treatment with MBIC led to a rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and substantial activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). The depletion of ROS by N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) partially blocked MBIC-induced apoptosis and JNK activation in HCC cells. Finally, MBIC significantly inhibited tumor growth at a dose of 25 mg/kg in an orthotopic HCC mouse model. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MBIC may inhibit cell proliferation via ROS-mediated activation of the JNK signaling cascade in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Amudha Deivasigamni
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Piyush Trivedi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, India
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA, Australia
| | - Arunasalam Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA, Australia
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore.,Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA, Australia
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Hu HT, Yao QJ, Meng YL, Li HL, Zhang H, Luo JP, Guo CY, Geng X. Arsenic trioxide intravenous infusion combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis: Long-term outcome analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:295-300. [PMID: 27517972 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety, clinical efficacy, and long-term outcome of arsenic trioxide (As2 O3 ) intravenous infusion for pulmonary metastases in patients with HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty consecutive patients who were diagnosed with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with pulmonary metastasis were randomized 1:1 into the treatment and control groups. Treatment group underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the primary liver tumor and then underwent As2 O3 treatment, whereas control group underwent TACE alone. The treatment group underwent a continuous 5-h intravenous infusion of 10 mg/day As2 O3 . The course of As2 O3 treatment was initiated 3-5 days after TACE (to allow liver and gastrointestinal function to recover) and continued for 14 consecutive days. All patients in the treatment group underwent at least four treatment courses. Response to treatment was evaluated after four treatment courses. RESULT In treatment group, two patients had a complete response (CR), six had a partial response (PR), 10 had stable disease (SD), and 12 had progressive disease. A clinically effective rate (CR + PR) was achieved in 26.7%, and the clinical benefit rate (CR + PR + SD) was 60%. In the control group, no patients had a CR or PR, five had SD, and 25 had progressive disease. The clinically effective rate was 0%, and the clinical benefit rate was 16.7%. The overall 1-year survival was 56.7% in treatment group and 36.7% in control group. The overall 2-year survival was 16.7% in treatment group and 3.3% in control group. CONCLUSION Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization plus an intravenous infusion of As2 O3 effectively controlled pulmonary metastasis and prolonged overall survival in patients with HCC compared with TACE alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tao Hu
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Quan Jun Yao
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Li Meng
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hai Liang Li
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jun Peng Luo
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chen Yang Guo
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiang Geng
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Lee S, Kim BK, Song K, Park JY, Ahn SH, Kim SU, Han KH, Kim DY. Subclassification of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer B and C hepatocellular carcinoma: A cohort study of the multicenter registry database. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:842-7. [PMID: 26513311 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We aimed to subclassify hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer intermediate and advanced stages, which include a highly heterogeneous population. METHODS From two registries ("random" and "voluntary" cohorts in the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group), patients who were newly diagnosed as HCC with intermediate or advanced stage between 2003 and 2005 were considered eligible. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method with comparison by log-rank test. RESULTS Patients with intermediate-stage HCC (n = 994) were subclassified according to tumor size and Child-Pugh class. Patients with tumor size < 5 cm (B1), those with tumor size ≥ 5 cm and Child-Pugh A (B2), and those with tumor size ≥ 5 cm and Child-Pugh B (B3) had median OS of 30.73, 20.60, and 9.23 months, respectively (P < 0.001 by log-rank test). Among patients with advanced stage HCC (n = 1746), patients were subclassified according to presence of significant portal vein invasion (sPVI; defined as portal vein invasion in lobar, main, or contralateral branch) and extrahepatic spread (EHS). Patients with neither sPVI nor EHS (C1), those with either sPVI or EHS (C2), and those with both sPVI and EHS (C3) had median OS of 8.43, 4.63, and 3.63 months, respectively (P < 0.001 by log-rank test). CONCLUSION Subclassification of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer intermediate and advanced stages might be useful for determining patient prognosis and guiding treatment strategies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangheun Lee
- The Korean Liver Cancer Study Group, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon Metropolitan City, Korea.,Institute for Integrative Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon Metropolitan City, Korea
| | - Beom Kyung Kim
- The Korean Liver Cancer Study Group, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Departments ofInternal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kijun Song
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Yong Park
- The Korean Liver Cancer Study Group, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Departments ofInternal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- The Korean Liver Cancer Study Group, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Departments ofInternal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- The Korean Liver Cancer Study Group, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Departments ofInternal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyub Han
- The Korean Liver Cancer Study Group, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Departments ofInternal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- The Korean Liver Cancer Study Group, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Departments ofInternal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Chun YH, Kim SU, Park JY, Kim DY, Han KH, Chon CY, Kim BK, Choi GH, Kim KS, Choi JS, Ahn SH. Prognostic value of the 7th edition of the AJCC staging system as a clinical staging system in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:2568-75. [PMID: 21835608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In 2009, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) published the 7th edition of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) staging system. We investigated the prognostic value of the 7th AJCC staging system as a clinical staging system in patients with HCC. METHODS We retrospectively applied the 6th and 7th AJCC systems to 877 patients who were diagnosed with HCC between January 2004 and December 2006 using radiological findings and compared the performance of the AJCC systems to that of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) system. The prognostic power was quantified using a linear trend χ(2) test and -2 log likelihood. RESULTS The median age was 57years and males predominated (n=701, 79.9%). There was no significant difference in survival between adjoining advanced stages of the 6th and 7th AJCC systems (⩾stage IIIA in the 6th and ⩾stage IIIB in the 7th; all p>0.05), although a significant difference between adjoining early stages was identified. The 7th AJCC system had greater prognostic power than the 6th (linear trend χ(2) test, 168.195 versus 160.293; -2 log likelihood, 7366.347 versus 7396.380), but not greater than that of the BCLC system (linear trend χ(2) test=207.013, -2 log likelihood=7320.726). CONCLUSIONS The 7th AJCC staging system provided better prognostic power than the 6th for patients with HCC, but not better than that of the BCLC system. Thus, the 7th AJCC staging system should be applied cautiously in patients with advanced HCC because of its low prognostic power in advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Song IH, Kim KS. Current status of liver diseases in Korea: hepatocellular carcinoma. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2010; 15 Suppl 6:S50-9. [PMID: 20037280 DOI: 10.3350/kjhep.2009.15.s6.s50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer, most of which is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the third common leading cancer in Korea. During the last two decades, the incidence rate of primary liver cancer has shown a modest decrease, but its mortality rate has slightly increased. The incidence of HCC, according to age, peaks in the late sixth decade in men and in the early seventh decade in women. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most important risk factor, which represents approximately 70% of all HCC, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and alcohol are the next in order of major risk factors for the development of HCC in Korea. HBV-associated HCC occurs 10 years earlier than HCV-associated HCC due to a more prolonged exposure to HBV, which is vertically transmitted almost from HBsAg-positive mother in HBV-endemic area. National Cancer Control Institute, which was reorganized in 2005, is now working for several national projects such as National Cancer Registration Program, National R&D Program for Cancer Control and National Cancer Screening Program. International collaboration for the clinico-epidemiologic research would be needed to provide the specific measures for managing HCC in diverse etiologic situations. Finally, the mechanisms of hepatitis virus-associated hepatocellular carcinogenesis might be clarified to provide insights into the advanced therapeutic and preventive approaches for HCC in Korea, where the majority of HCC originate from chronic HBV and HCV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Han Song
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
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