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Wufuer G, Wufuer K, Ba T, Cui T, Tao L, Fu L, Mao M, Duan MH. Primary myelofibrosis with thrombophilia as first symptom combined with thalassemia and Gilbert syndrome: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:4161-4170. [PMID: 35665102 PMCID: PMC9131242 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i13.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 46-year-old Han man first had sigmoid sinus and transverse sinus venous thrombosis at the age of 42. At the age of 44, he once again developed thrombosis. Genetic testing showed heterozygous SERPINC1 mutation, bone marrow biopsy showed fibrosis grade 1 (MF-1), and JAK2 V617F mutation was positive, accompanied by UGT1A1 mutation and β-thalassemia gene mutation. CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old Han man was first found to have sigmoid sinus and transverse sinus venous thrombosis at the age of 42 but had no individual or family thrombosis history, and he had been regularly taking warfarin anticoagulant therapy for a long period of time. At the age of 44, venous thrombosis reappeared in parts of the intrahepatic vein, main portal vein, splenic vein, and superior mesenteric vein, and his spleen was obviously enlarged. He had a history of jaundice for many years, and genetic testing revealed that he carried a heterozygous SERPINC1 mutation. Bone marrow biopsy showed multifocal fibrous tissue hyperplasia among trabeculae and focal fibrosis. He was positive for the JAK2 V617F mutation. At the same time, UGT1A1 and β-thalassemia gene mutations existed, and a SERPINC1 mutation and UGT1A1 mutation were both found in his parents. CONCLUSION The patient in this case had thrombophilia as the primary symptom, JAK2V617-positive myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) was the main potential cause, and hereditary AT-III deficiency may have been one of multiple secondary causes. It remains to be determined whether UGT1A1 and β-thalassemia gene mutations are related to thrombophilia. However, the clinical features of MPN in this patient were hidden, and the relevant clinical features of coexisting thalassemia and hereditary Gilbert syndrome, reported here for the first time domestically and abroad, were complicating factors, causing great difficulties for a clear diagnosis. Thus, when thrombophilia has been determined, it is necessary to screen the relevant latent problems overall. When the clinical features cannot be perfectly explained by one etiology, a relevant comprehensive examination should also be initiated from the perspective of multiple etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzailinuer Wufuer
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kaisaer Wufuer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tu Ba
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tao Cui
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ling Fu
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ming Mao
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ming-Hui Duan
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
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Ivanov A, Semenova E. Gilbert's Syndrome, Bilirubin Level and UGT1A1∗28 Genotype in Men of North-West Region of Russia. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2021; 11:691-699. [PMID: 34866848 PMCID: PMC8617539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Gilbert's syndrome (GS) is a hereditary pathology that affects approximately 10% of the world's population. In most cases, GS is associated with the UGT1A1∗28 polymorphism of UGT1A1 gene coding the enzyme bilirubin uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT-1A) which plays a key role in the bilirubin metabolism. The presence of an additional TA repeat in the TATA box of the UGT1A1 gene promoter (the allelic variant of 7TA, abbreviated as UGT1A1∗28) leads to a significant decrease in the enzymatic activity of UGT-1A in the liver and to decrease in glucuronidation process as a consequence. The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence of the 6TA/6TA, 6TA/7TA, and 7TA/7TA genotypes of UGT1A1 promoter and to analyze the effect of these variants on bilirubin levels in healthy men in North-West Russia and patients with a clinical diagnosis of GS. METHODS Genotyping of the UGT1A1 ∗28 (rs8175347) polymorphism was carried out by real-time PCR. RESULTS The results obtained indicate an increased probability of GS developing in residents of the North-West region of Russia compared with other representatives of the Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that the level of serum bilirubin increases with the rise in the number of additional TA dinucleotides in the UGT1A1 gene promoter tests of clinical manifestations only (jaundice, fatigue, sleep disturbances, nausea, belching, and so on) and increased bilirubin levels in patients with normal liver function do not allow unequivocally diagnose GS. UGT1A1∗28 genotyping should be used as a prognostic risk factor for such pathology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Ivanov
- Human Genetics Department, Saint-Petersburg State University Hospital, 154, Fontanka River Embankment, St.Petersburg, 198103, Russia
- Address for correspondence. Ivanov Andrei V., Human Genetics Department, Saint-Petersburg State University Hospital, 154, Fontanka River Embankment, St.Petersburg, 198103, Russia.
| | - Elena Semenova
- Division of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” B.P.Konstantinov St Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, 188300, Russia
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Kang LL, Liu ZL, Zhang HD. Gilbert’s syndrome coexisting with hereditary spherocytosis might not be rare: Six case reports. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:2001-2008. [PMID: 32518793 PMCID: PMC7262690 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i10.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both Gilbert's syndrome (GS) and hereditary spherocytosis (HS) are common genetic disorders. However, comorbidity of GS with HS has always been considered a rare phenomenon, and it can impede accurate diagnoses in the presence of isolated unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
CASE SUMMARY In a study on Levitt’s carbon monoxide (CO) breath test for the differential diagnosis of isolated hyperbilirubinemia, we found six GS patients with HS in 6 mo. The patients, including five males and one female, aged 25-58 years, were from four families and generally in good health. Their chronic fluctuating jaundice and/or hyperbilirubinemia had been diagnosed as simple constitutional jaundice for 6-30 years. Liver function tests showed isolated unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia with serum total bilirubin ranging from 20.7-75.4 μmol/L. Blood hemoglobin was normal in five cases, and slightly decreased in one (11.5 g/dL). Overt hemolytic signs were absent, while erythrocyte lifespan determined by the newly developed Levitt’s CO breath test was significantly short (15-50 d), definitely demonstrating the presence of hemolysis. Given that their unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia compared inappropriately with hemolytic severity, as indicated by the hemoglobin level, further combined genetic tests for both UGT1A1 and hereditary erythrocyte deficiencies were conducted. These tests confirmed, at last, the coexistence of GS with HS.
CONCLUSION Comorbidity of GS and HS might not be uncommon in isolated unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. While CO breath test would sensitively detect the hemolysis, the discordance between the hyperbilirubinemia and hemoglobin level could strongly indicate the coexistence of GS and HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen 518052, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen 518052, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hou-De Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen 518052, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Breath Test Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenzhen 518052, Guangdong Province, China
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He BJ, Liao L, Deng ZF, Tao YF, Xu YC, Lin FQ. Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Hereditary Spherocytosis: Current Perspectives. Acta Haematol 2018; 139:60-66. [PMID: 29402830 DOI: 10.1159/000486229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the widespread use of genetic diagnostic technologies, many novel mutations have been identified in hereditary spherocytosis (HS)-related genes, including SPTA1, SPTB, ANK1, SLC4A1, and EPB42. However, mutations in HS-related genes are dispersed and nonspecific in the diagnosis of some HS patients, indicating significant heterogeneity in the molecular deficiency of HS. It is necessary to provide the molecular and genetic characteristics of these 5 genes for clinicians to examine HS. Here, we reviewed the recent proposed molecular genetic mechanisms of HS.
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Aiso M, Yagi M, Tanaka A, Miura K, Miura R, Arizumi T, Takamori Y, Nakahara S, Maruo Y, Takikawa H. Gilbert Syndrome with Concomitant Hereditary Spherocytosis Presenting with Moderate Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia. Intern Med 2017; 56:661-664. [PMID: 28321066 PMCID: PMC5410476 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We experienced a case of a 19-year-old man with Gilbert syndrome with concomitant hereditary spherocytosis. The patient presented with moderate unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, and inherited etiology was strongly suspected. The diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome was confirmed by the genetic analysis of the UGT1A1 gene, demonstrating UGT1A1*28 and compound heterozygote UGT1A1*6. In addition, since the laboratory findings and imaging studies revealed lysemia as well as gallstone and splenomegaly, a diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis was made as a comorbidity. Both Gilbert syndrome and hereditary spherocytosis are hereditary diseases with a high frequency, and the hyperbilirubinemia may be exacerbated when these two diseases are concomitant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Aiso
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
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Li Z, Shen J, Liang J. Scoliosis in a Patient With Gilbert Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2147. [PMID: 26632744 PMCID: PMC5059013 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilbert syndrome (GS) is mainly characterized by intermittent unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in the absence of hepatocellular disease or hemolysis. Little data are available on operative outcomes in GS patients with spinal deformity surgery.This study has presented a case of GS occurring in the patient with scoliosis.The patient was a 30-year-old female with scoliosis and GS. She was taken a correction form Thoracic 2 to Lumbar 1) levels by using the USS-II spinal system. At 2 years follow-up, the patient was well balanced and pain free. Plain radiographs demonstrated spine solid fusion without correction loss.Although complex scoliosis surgery can be performed safely in these patients with GS, careful perioperative managements including liver function and coagulation function are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Lee JH, Moon KR. Coexistence of gilbert syndrome and hereditary spherocytosis in a child presenting with extreme jaundice. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2014; 17:266-9. [PMID: 25587528 PMCID: PMC4291453 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2014.17.4.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilbert syndrome is the most common inherited disorder of bilirubin glucuronidation. It is characterized by intermittent episodes of jaundice in the absence of hepatocellular disease or hemolysis. Hereditary spherocytosis is the most common inherited hemolytic anemia and is characterized by spherical, osmotically fragile erythrocytes that are selectively trapped by the spleen. The patients have variable degrees of anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly. Hereditary spherocytosis usually leads to mild-to-moderate elevation of serum bilirubin levels. Severe hyperbilirubinemia compared with the degree of hemolysis should be lead to suspicion of additional clinical conditions such as Gilbert syndrome or thalassemia. We present the case of a 12-year-old boy with extreme jaundice and nausea. The diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis was confirmed by osmotic fragility test results and that of Gilbert syndrome by genetic analysis findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung Rye Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
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Zheng DK, Wang JM, Xiong G, Zhang Y, Liu LP, Zhang YS. Relationship between UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms and cholecystolithiasis in young Chinese people. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:2961-2965. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i20.2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the relationship between UDP-glucuronsyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene polymorphisms and cholecystolithiasis in young Chinese people.
METHODS: Forty-eight patients with cholecystolithiasis and 45 healthy controls were included in the study. Peripheral blood genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to DNA sequencing for detecting the TATA box and G71R polymorphisms of the UGT1A1 gene.
RESULTS: The insertion mutations in the TATA box of the UGT1A1 gene were detected in 15 cases (15/48, 31.25%) and 10 controls (10/45, 22.22%), and the mutation rate showed no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The point mutation G71R was detected in 14 cases (14/48, 29.17%) and 9 controls (9/45, 20.00%), and the mutation rate showed no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The mutations in the TATA box or G71R of the UGT1A1 gene were detected in 28 cases (28/48, 58.33%) and 18 cases (18/46, 40.00%), without statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: There is no significant relationship between UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms and the onset of cholecystolithiasis in young Chinese people.
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Lee MJ, Chang YH, Kang SH, Mun SK, Kim H, Han CJ, Kim J, Kang HJ. A Case of hereditary spherocytosis coexisting with Gilbert's syndrome. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2013; 61:166-9. [PMID: 23575236 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2013.61.3.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We recently encountered a case of hereditary spherocytosis coexisting with Gilbert's syndrome. Patient was initially diagnosed with Gilbert's syndrome and observed, but other findings suggestive of concurrent hemolysis, such as splenomegaly and gallstones were noted during the follow-up period. Therefore, further evaluations, including a peripheral blood smear, osmotic fragility test, autohemolysis test, and red blood cell membrane protein test were performed, and coexisting hereditary spherocytosis was diagnosed. Genotyping of the conjugation enzyme uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase was used to confirm Gilbert's syndrome. Because of the high prevalence rates and similar symptoms of these 2 diseases, hereditary spherocytosis can be masked in patients with Gilbert's syndrome. In review of a case and other article, the possibility of the coexistence of these 2 diseases should be considered, especially in patients with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia who also have splenomegaly and gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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Naha K, Dasari S, Vivek G, Hande M, Acharya V. Severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia: one and one makes three? BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-009962. [PMID: 23780771 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A 38-year-old housewife presented with a 3-month history of gradually progressive fatigue and deepening jaundice as well as a history of mild fluctuating jaundice since childhood. General examination revealed an obvious icterus. Systemic examination was normal. Laboratory tests confirmed unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Further evaluation yielded a diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency on a background of Gilbert's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Naha
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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