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Rahmatelahi H, Menanteau-Ledouble S, Holzer AS, El-Matbouli M, Saleh M. Differential expression of the type III secretion system genes in Yersinia ruckeri: Preliminary investigations in different environmental conditions. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e14007. [PMID: 39239795 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Type III secretion system (T3SS) is an important virulence system in Gram-negative bacteria. In this investigation, different environmental conditions that regulate the expression of T3SS genes in Yersinia ruckeri were investigated aimed at obtaining a better understanding about its modulation after various environmental challenges. Four isolates of Y. ruckeri CSF007-82, ATCC29473, A7959-11 and YRNC10 were cultivated under the diverse in vitro challenges iron depletion, high salt, low pH and in the presence of fish serum or in the fish cell culture (Chinook Salmon Embryo - CHSE). The transcriptional modulation of the chromosomal genes ysaV, ysaC, ysaJ and prgH of ysa were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of prgH, ysaV, ysaC and ysaJ was differentially expressed in all four strains under evaluation. The highest gene expression levels were observed for Y. ruckeri YRNC10 AN after addition of 0.3 M NaCl in Luria Bertani broth. The results obtained from this study provide initial insights into T3SS responses in Y. ruckeri, which pave the way for further studies aimed at expanding our knowledge on the functional roles of the T3SS genes in Y. ruckeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Rahmatelahi
- Division of Fish Health, Department for Farm Animals & Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Astrid S Holzer
- Division of Fish Health, Department for Farm Animals & Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Division of Fish Health, Department for Farm Animals & Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mona Saleh
- Division of Fish Health, Department for Farm Animals & Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Medina-Morillo M, Irgang R, Yunis-Aguinaga J, Avendaño-Herrera R. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Peruvian Yersinia ruckeri isolates to oxytetracycline and florfenicol using MIC testing. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2024; 159:127-131. [PMID: 39206607 DOI: 10.3354/dao03810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Yersiniosis, caused by Yersinia ruckeri, has become the most common disease in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in Peru, affecting Puno and Junín Regions, important aquaculture areas in the country. Florfenicol (FLO) and oxytetracycline (OXY) are the antimicrobials most frequently used to mitigate losses attributed to this pathogen. This study presents an analysis of the susceptibility patterns of 60 Y. ruckeri isolates (30 isolates each from Puno and Junín), including the type strain CECT 4319T and the strains CECT 955 and CECT 956, against FLO and OXY. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined following the guideline for standard broth dilution method published by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. MIC results ranged from 4.0 to 8.0 µg ml-1 for FLO and 0.5 to 4.0 µg ml-1 for OXY. Normalized resistance interpretation (NRI) analysis identified epidemiological cut-off values of ≤16.0 µg ml-1 for FLO and ≤4.0 µg ml-1 for OXY. All Peruvian isolates, including the collection strains, were categorized as wild-type for both antimicrobials. Even though the number of Y. ruckeri isolates with MIC values of 8 µg ml-1 for FLO is more than double in Puno than in Junín (15 vs. 7 isolates), the NRI analysis showed the same epidemiological cutoff of 16 µg ml-1; while for OXY, it was 4.0 µg ml-1 for Puno and 2.0 µg ml-1 for Junín. This study establishes the basis for monitoring susceptibility to FLO and OXY in new Y. ruckeri isolates in Peruvian rainbow trout farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Medina-Morillo
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Callao, Peru
| | - Rute Irgang
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Jefferson Yunis-Aguinaga
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Callao, Peru
- Universidad Científica del Sur Lima, Peru
| | - Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Viña del Mar, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Quintay, Valparaíso, Chile
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Smith P, Le Devendec L, Jouy E, Larvor E, Verner-Jeffreys D, Joseph AW, Stanton E, Light E, Cortinovis L, Pretto T, Manfrin A, Boitard PM, Jamin M, Keck N, Le Breton A, Thuillier B, Ravaille C, Baron S. Epidemiological cut-off values for Yersina ruckeri disc diffusion data generated by a standardised method. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2024; 158:21-25. [PMID: 38661134 DOI: 10.3354/dao03779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In order to establish the meaning of data generated in antimicrobial agent susceptibility tests, it is necessary to develop internationally harmonised interpretive criteria. Currently, such criteria have not been developed for data generated in studies of the susceptibility of the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri. This work generated the data that would be required to set epidemiological cut-off values for the susceptibility data of this species that had been generated using a standardised disc diffusion method that specified the use of Mueller Hinton agar and incubation at 22°C for 24-28 h. Using this method, sets of inhibition zones data for 4 antimicrobial agents were generated by 3 independent laboratories. The data from these laboratories were aggregated and analysed using the statistically based normalised resistance interpretation. For ampicillin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole the cut-off values calculated by this analysis were ≥16, ≥23, ≥24 and ≥30 mm, respectively. Evidence is presented demonstrating that the data for these 4 agents was of sufficient quantity and quality that they could be used by the relevant authorities to set internationally harmonised, consensus epidemiological cut-off values for Y. ruckeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Smith
- School of Natural Science, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33 , Ireland
| | - Laëtitia Le Devendec
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology-Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Eric Jouy
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology-Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Emeline Larvor
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology-Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - David Verner-Jeffreys
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK
- UK FAO Reference Centre for AMR, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Andrew Wokorac Joseph
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK
- UK FAO Reference Centre for AMR, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Elliot Stanton
- University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Edel Light
- Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD),Woodham Lane, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3LS, UK
| | - Luana Cortinovis
- Fish Pathology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Tobia Pretto
- Fish Pathology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Amedeo Manfrin
- Fish Pathology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Matthieu Jamin
- FILI@VET, 15 Rue du Puits, 29600 Saint Martin des Champs, France
| | - Nicolas Keck
- Laboratoire Départemental Vétérinaire de l'Hérault, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Benoit Thuillier
- Labocéa, Microbiologie vétérinaire, site de Quimper, 29000 Quimper, France
| | | | - Sandrine Baron
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology-Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, 22440 Ploufragan, France
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Quintanilla-Pineda M, Ibañez FC, Garrote-Achou C, Marzo F. A Novel Postbiotic Product Based on Weissella cibaria for Enhancing Disease Resistance in Rainbow Trout: Aquaculture Application. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:744. [PMID: 38473129 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics are innovative tools in animal husbandry, providing eco-friendly solutions for disease management within the industry. In this study, a new postbiotic product was evaluated for its impact on the health of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In vivo studies were conducted to assess the safety of the Weissella cibaria strains used in postbiotic production. Additionally, this study evaluated the impact of diet supplementation with 0.50% postbiotics on growth performance during a 30-day feeding trial; the gut microbial communities, immunomodulation, and protection against Yersinia ruckeri infection were evaluated. The strains did not harm the animals during the 20-day observation period. Furthermore, the effect of postbiotics on growth performance was not significant (p < 0.05). The treated group showed a significant increase in acid-lactic bacteria on the 30th day of the feeding trial, with counts of 3.42 ± 0.21 log CFU/mL. Additionally, there was an up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in head kidney samples after 48 h of feed supplementation, whereas cytokines IL-10, IL-8, INF-γ, and TNF-α were down-regulated. The findings indicate that rainbow trout fed with postbiotics saw an improvement in their survival rate against Y. ruckeri, with a 20.66% survival improvement in the treated group. This study proves that incorporating postbiotics from two strains of W. cibaria previously isolated from rainbow trout into the diet of fish has immunomodulatory effects, enhances intestinal microbial composition, and improves fish resistance against Y. ruckeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Quintanilla-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Nutrición Animal, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- PENTABIOL SL, 31191 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco C Ibañez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Nutrición Animal, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Florencio Marzo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Nutrición Animal, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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Ojasanya RA, Gardner IA, Groman D, Saksida S, Saab ME, Thakur KK. Development and validation of main spectral profile for rapid identification of Yersinia ruckeri isolated from Atlantic salmon using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1031373. [PMID: 36337185 PMCID: PMC9630595 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1031373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) allows rapid and reliable identification of microorganisms. The accuracy of bacterial identification using MALDI-TOF MS depends on main spectral profiles (MSPs) provided in a quality-assured commercial reference library, which requires ongoing improvement. This study aimed to develop and validate an in-house MALDI-TOF MS MSP to rapidly identify Yersinia ruckeri isolated from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The novel MSP was prepared using an isolate of Y. ruckeri recovered from Atlantic salmon and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Subsequently, a validation set which comprises 29 isolates of Y. ruckeri were examined from three fishes: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (n = 26), American eel (Anguilla rostrata) (n = 1), and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) (n = 2). These isolates were randomly selected from the Atlantic Veterinary College, Aquatic Diagnostic Services Bacteriology Laboratory's culture collection to validate the novel MSP. Analytical sensitivity of MALDI-TOF MS using the novel MSP to identify the validation set was 86.2%. Repeatability was assessed by acquiring spectra from 30 different spots of a randomly-selected isolate of Y. ruckeri, and analyzed spectra from each spot were compared against the novel MSP. The coefficient of variation was 3.3%. The novel MSP clustered with Bruker MSPs (n = 3) of Y. ruckeri in the reference library and did not falsely identify any closely related bacteria to Y. ruckeri. This study reports the development of a novel MSP of high analytical sensitivity and specificity for rapid identification of Y. ruckeri using MALDI-TOF MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasaq A. Ojasanya
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
- *Correspondence: Rasaq A. Ojasanya
| | - Ian A. Gardner
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - David Groman
- Aquatic Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Sonja Saksida
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Matthew E. Saab
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
- Aquatic Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Krishna K. Thakur
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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6
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Riborg A, Colquhoun DJ, Gulla S. Biotyping reveals loss of motility in two distinct Yersinia ruckeri lineages exclusive to Norwegian aquaculture. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:641-653. [PMID: 35180320 PMCID: PMC9304254 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-motile strains of Yersinia ruckeri, known as Y. ruckeri biotype 2, now dominate amongst clinical isolates retrieved from rainbow trout internationally. Due to an acute increase in the number of yersiniosis cases in Norway in recent years, followed by introduction of widespread intraperitoneal vaccination against the disease, an investigation on the prevalence of Y. ruckeri biotype 2 in Norwegian aquaculture was conducted. We biotyped 263 Y. ruckeri isolates recovered from diseased salmonids in Norway between 1985 and 2020. A total of seven biotype 2 isolates were identified, four of which were collected between 1985 and 1987, and three of which belong to the current epizootic clone, isolated from two different sea-farms in 2017. Whole-genome sequencing revealed single non-synonymous nucleotide polymorphisms in the flagellar genes flhC in isolates from the 1980s, and in fliP in isolates from 2017. In both variants, motility was restored both by complementation with wild-type alleles in trans and via spontaneous mutation-driven reversion following prolonged incubation on motility agar. While biotype 2 strains do not yet seem to have become broadly established in Norwegian aquaculture, the seven isolates described here serve to document a further two independent cases of Y. ruckeri biotype 2 emergence in salmonid aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Riborg
- Norwegian Veterinary InstituteÅsNorway
- Vaxxinova Norway ASBergenNorway
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7
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Mekasha S, Linke D. Secretion Systems in Gram-Negative Bacterial Fish Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:782673. [PMID: 34975803 PMCID: PMC8714846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.782673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial fish pathogens are one of the key challenges in the aquaculture industry, one of the fast-growing industries worldwide. These pathogens rely on arsenal of virulence factors such as toxins, adhesins, effectors and enzymes to promote colonization and infection. Translocation of virulence factors across the membrane to either the extracellular environment or directly into the host cells is performed by single or multiple dedicated secretion systems. These secretion systems are often key to the infection process. They can range from simple single-protein systems to complex injection needles made from dozens of subunits. Here, we review the different types of secretion systems in Gram-negative bacterial fish pathogens and describe their putative roles in pathogenicity. We find that the available information is fragmented and often descriptive, and hope that our overview will help researchers to more systematically learn from the similarities and differences between the virulence factors and secretion systems of the fish-pathogenic species described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophanit Mekasha
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dirk Linke
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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The RNA Chaperone Hfq Participates in Persistence to Multiple Antibiotics in the Fish Pathogen Yersinia ruckeri. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071404. [PMID: 34209738 PMCID: PMC8308036 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri causes outbreaks of enteric redmouth disease in salmon aquaculture all over the world. The transient antibiotic tolerance exhibited by bacterial persisters is commonly thought to be responsible for outbreaks; however, the molecular factors underlying this behavior have not been explored in Y. ruckeri. In this study, we investigated the participation of the RNA chaperone Hfq from Y. ruckeri in antibiotic persistence. Cultures of the hfq-knockout mutant (Δhfq) exhibited faster replication, increased ATP levels and a more reductive environment than the wild type. The growth curves of bacteria exposed to sublethal concentrations of ampicillin, oxolinic acid, ciprofloxacin and polymyxin B revealed a greater susceptibility for the Δhfq strain. The time-kill curves of bacteria treated with the antibiotics mentioned above and florfenicol, using inoculums from exponential, stationary and biofilm cultures, demonstrated that the Δhfq strain has significant defects in persister cells production. To shed more light on the role of Hfq in antibiotic persistence, we analyzed its dependence on the (p)ppGpp synthetase RelA by determining the persister cells production in the absence of the relA gene. The ΔrelA and ΔrelAΔhfq strains displayed similar defects in persister cells formation, but higher than Δhfq strain. Similarly, stationary cultures of the ΔrelA and ΔrelAΔhfq strains exhibited comparable levels of ATP but higher than that of the Δhfq strain, indicating that relA is epistatic over hfq. Taken together, our findings provide valuable information on antibiotic persistence in Y. ruckeri, shedding light on the participation of Hfq in the persistence phenomenon.
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Rostang A, Peroz C, Fournel C, Thorin C, Calvez S. Evaluation of the efficacy of enrofloxacin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following experimental challenge with Yersinia ruckeri. Vet Rec 2021; 188:e200. [PMID: 33759199 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of enrofloxacin in trout farms is reported, especially for the treatment of yersiniosis, albeit various dosing regimens have been used. Therefore, optimal doses should be investigated. METHODS Five groups of 15 fish were challenged with Y. ruckeri. Two days later, three groups received feed containing enrofloxacin (ENR) at 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg fish respectively, during 7 days; one group received a single intraperitoneal injection of ENR at 10 mg/kg; and one group was left untreated. On day 15, surviving fish were euthanized. RESULTS All fish survived in the group treated by injection, compared to 53%, 60% and 40% of the fish treated with 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg oral ENR, respectively, and 53% in the infected untreated group. CONCLUSION A single intraperitoneal injection of ENR at 10 mg/kg seems more relevant than repeated oral administrations. The ENR oral doses used in trout farms should be revised.
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Portnyagina O, Chistyulin D, Dyshlovoy S, Davidova V, Khomenko V, Shevchenko L, Novikova O. OmpF porin from Yersinia ruckeri as pathogenic factor: Surface antigenic sites and biological properties. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104694. [PMID: 33359075 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterium Yersinia ruckeri as a pathogen induces causative agent of intestinal fish disease called enteric redmouth disease (ERM) is known. In this study, outer membrane OmpF porin from the Y. ruckeri (YrOmpF) has been identified as a pathogenic factor which affects host macrophage activation and life cycle of eukaryotic cells. Using synthetic peptides corresponding to the sequences of the outer loops of YrOmpF L1 loop of the porin is most involved in the structure of B epitopes on the surface of the microbial cell it was found. T epitopes of the isolated YrOmpF trimer not only by linear, but also by discontinuous determinants, which is due to the secondary structure of the protein are represented. It was shown that YrOmpF was twice more cytotoxic to THP-1 cells (human monocytes, cancer cells) in comparison with CHH-1 cells (Oncorhynchus keta cardiac muscle cell, non-cancer cells). It was found YrOmpF induce cell cycle S-phase arrest in both normal CHH-1 and cancer THP-1 cells. In the cancer cells observed effect was most pronounce. In addition, we have observed an induction of apoptosis in THP-1 cell line treated with YrOmpF for 48 h at IC50 (48.6 μg/ml). Significant cytotoxic effect of YrOmpF on primary mouse peritoneal macrophages been detected as well. Of note, co-incubation of macrophages with anti-YrOmpF antibodies could decrease the amount of lactate dehydrogenase, while the number of living cells significantly increased. YrOmpF stimulates the activity of the phagocytic bactericidal systems especially of the oxygen-independent subsystem it was found. Antibodies against YrOmpF decreased MPO release and CP synthesis by peritoneal macrophages and increased their viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Portnyagina
- G.B Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation; School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok, 690090, Russian Federation.
| | - Dmitry Chistyulin
- G.B Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Dyshlovoy
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok, 690090, Russian Federation; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktoriya Davidova
- G.B Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina Khomenko
- G.B Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Ludmila Shevchenko
- G.B Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Novikova
- G.B Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
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Liu T, Li L, Wei W, Wang K, Yang Q, Wang E. Yersinia ruckeri strain SC09 disrupts proinflammatory activation via Toll/IL-1 receptor-containing protein STIR-3. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:424-434. [PMID: 32087278 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Virulent pathogenic microorganisms often enhance their infectivity through immune evasion mechanisms. Our research on the integrative and conjugative element (ICE(r2)) of the virulent fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri SC09 led to the identification of genes related to immune evasion (designated stir-1, stir-2, stir-3 and stir-4), among which stir-1 and stir-2 were determined as the key contributors to bacterial toxicity and immune evasion. Here, we further examined the ability of stir-3 to mediate immune evasion based on detailed bioinformatic analysis of ICE(r2) from Y. ruckeri SC09. Interactions among the translated STIR-1, STIR-2, STIR-3 and STIR-4 proteins in the secretory process were additionally explored. STIR-3 was positively correlated with bacterial toxicity and inhibited host toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling by interacting with MyD88, thereby facilitating bacterial survival in host cells. Importantly, our data showed co-secretion of STIR-1, STIR-2 and STIR-3 as a complex, with secretion failure occurring in the absence of any one of these proteins. While stir-1, stir-2, stir-3 and stir-4 genes werespecific to Y. ruckeri SC09, the ICE(r2) region where these genes were located is a mobile component widely distributed in bacteria. Therefore, the potential transmission risk of these immune evasion genes requires further research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary, Veterinary Medicine College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liangyu Li
- Institute of Fisheries of Chengdu Agriculture and Forestry Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyan Wei
- Institute of Fisheries of Chengdu Agriculture and Forestry Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, Veterinary Medicine College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Erlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Wrobel A, Leo JC, Linke D. Overcoming Fish Defences: The Virulence Factors of Yersinia ruckeri. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E700. [PMID: 31514317 PMCID: PMC6770984 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease, a bacterial infection of marine and freshwater fish. The disease mainly affects salmonids, and outbreaks have significant economic impact on fish farms all over the world. Vaccination routines are in place against the major serotypes of Y. ruckeri but are not effective in all cases. Despite the economic importance of enteric redmouth disease, a detailed molecular understanding of the disease is lacking. A considerable number of mostly omics-based studies have been performed in recent years to identify genes related to Y. ruckeri virulence. This review summarizes the knowledge on Y. ruckeri virulence factors. Understanding the molecular pathogenicity of Y. ruckeri will aid in developing more efficient vaccines and antimicrobial compounds directed against enteric redmouth disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wrobel
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jack C Leo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK.
| | - Dirk Linke
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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13
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Ormsby MJ, Grahame E, Burchmore R, Davies RL. Comparative bioinformatic and proteomic approaches to evaluate the outer membrane proteome of the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri. J Proteomics 2019; 199:135-147. [PMID: 30831250 PMCID: PMC6447952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is the aetiological agent of enteric redmouth (ERM) disease and is responsible for significant economic losses in farmed salmonids. Enteric redmouth disease is associated primarily with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) but its incidence in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is increasing. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Gram-negative bacteria are located at the host-pathogen interface and play important roles in virulence. The outer membrane of Y. ruckeri is poorly characterised and little is known about its composition and the roles of individual OMPs in virulence. Here, we employed a bioinformatic pipeline to first predict the OMP composition of Y. ruckeri. Comparative proteomic approaches were subsequently used to identify those proteins expressed in vitro in eight representative isolates recovered from Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. One hundred and forty-one OMPs were predicted from four Y. ruckeri genomes and 77 of these were identified in three or more genomes and were considered as "core" proteins. Gel-free and gel-based proteomic approaches together identified 65 OMPs in a single reference isolate and subsequent gel-free analysis identified 64 OMPs in the eight Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout isolates. Together, our gel-free and gel-based proteomic analyses identified 84 unique OMPs in Y. ruckeri. SIGNIFICANCE: Yersinia ruckeri is an important pathogen of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout and is of major economic significance to the aquaculture industry worldwide. Disease outbreaks are becoming more problematic in Atlantic salmon and there is an urgent need to investigate in further detail the cell-surface (outer membrane) composition of strains infecting each of these host species. Currently, the outer membrane of Y. ruckeri is poorly characterised and very little is known about the OMP composition of strains infecting each of these salmonid species. This study represents the most comprehensive comparative outer membrane proteomic analysis of Y. ruckeri to date, encompassing isolates of different biotypes, serotypes, OMP-types and hosts of origin and provides insights into the potential roles of these diverse proteins in host-pathogen interactions. The study has identified key OMPs likely to be involved in disease pathogenesis and makes a significant contribution to furthering our understanding of the cell-surface composition of this important fish pathogen that will be relevant to the development of improved vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ormsby
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Edward Grahame
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Richard Burchmore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; Polyomics, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, TCRC, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 1QH, UK
| | - Robert L Davies
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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Moreau E, Thomas T, Brevet M, Thorin C, Fournel C, Calvez S. Mutations involved in the emergence of Yersinia ruckeri biotype 2 in France. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1387-1394. [PMID: 30874374 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Yersina ruckeri is an enterobacteria responsible for Enteric redmouth disease (ERM), which causes significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. Two biotypes have been described within Y. ruckeri: biotype 1 (BT1) and biotype 2 (BT2). Unlike BT1, BT2 is negative for motility and lipase secretion. The emergence of BT2 Y. ruckeri has been associated with disease outbreaks in vaccinated fish in several countries, notably France in the early 2000s. In this study, 15 BT2 strains (14 BT2 strains isolated in France and the BT2 reference strain EX5) were studied to compare the phenotypic characters of the BT1 and BT2 strains and to determine the genetic origin of the emergence of BT2 in France. BT1 bacteria are significantly longer in size than BT2 bacteria (a difference of 0.222 µm). The loss of motility of some French BT2 strains could be due to the loss of their ability to produce flagella caused by three mutations within the fliG, flhC and flgA genes. In the light of these results, the emergence of BT2 Yersinia ruckeri in France is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Thomas
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Nantes, France.,Université de Bretagne-Sud, IRDL, CNRS FRE 3744, Lorient, France
| | | | - Chantal Thorin
- Department of Animal Physiopathology and Pharmacology, Oniris, Nantes, France
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Guijarro JA, García-Torrico AI, Cascales D, Méndez J. The Infection Process of Yersinia ruckeri: Reviewing the Pieces of the Jigsaw Puzzle. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:218. [PMID: 29998086 PMCID: PMC6028603 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding the keys to understanding the infectious process of Yersinia ruckeri was not a priority for many years due to the prompt development of an effective biotype 1 vaccine which was used mainly in Europe and USA. However, the gradual emergence of outbreaks in vaccinated fish, which have been reported since 2003, has awakened interest in the mechanism of virulence in this pathogen. Thus, during the last two decades, a large number of studies have considerably enriched our knowledge of many aspects of the pathogen and its interaction with the host. By means of both conventional and a variety of novel strategies, such as cell GFP tagging, bioluminescence imaging and optical projection tomography, it has been possible to determine three putative Y. ruckeri infection routes, the main point of entry for the bacterium being the gill lamellae. Moreover, a wide range of potential virulence factors have been highlighted by specific gene mutagenesis strategies or genome-wide transposon/plasmid insertion-based screening approaches, such us in vivo expression technology (IVET) and signature tagged mutagenesis (STM). Finally, recent proteomic and whole genomic analyses have allowed many of the genes and systems that are potentially implicated in the organism's pathogenicity and its adaptation to the host environmental conditions to be elucidated. Altogether, these studies contribute to a better understanding of the infectious process of Y. ruckeri in fish, which is crucial for the development of more effective strategies for preventing or treating enteric redmouth disease (ERM).
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Guijarro
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias (IUBA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana I García-Torrico
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias (IUBA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Desirée Cascales
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias (IUBA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jessica Méndez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias (IUBA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Mendez J, Cascales D, Garcia-Torrico AI, Guijarro JA. Temperature-Dependent Gene Expression in Yersinia ruckeri: Tracking Specific Genes by Bioluminescence During in Vivo Colonization. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1098. [PMID: 29887855 PMCID: PMC5981175 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is a bacterium causing fish infection processes at temperatures below the optimum for growth. A derivative Tn5 transposon was used to construct a library of Y. ruckeri mutants with transcriptional fusions between the interrupted genes and the promoterless luxCDABE and lacZY operons. In vitro analysis of β-galactosidase activity allowed the identification of 168 clones having higher expression at 18°C than at 28°C. Among the interrupted genes a SAM-dependent methyltransferase, a diguanylated cyclase, three genes involved in legionaminic acid synthesis and three transcriptional regulators were defined. In order to determine, via bioluminescence emission, the in vivo expression of some of these genes, two of the selected mutants were studied. In one of them, the acrR gene coding a repressor involved in regulation of the AcrAB-TolC expulsion pump was interrupted. This mutant was found to be highly resistant to compounds such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. Although acrR mutation was not related to virulence in Y. ruckeri, this mutant was useful to analyze acrR expression in fish tissues in vivo. The other gene studied was osmY which is activated under osmotic stress and is involved in virulence. In this case, complemented mutant was used for experiments with fish. In vivo analysis of bioluminescence emission by these two strains showed higher values for acrR in gut, liver and adipose tissue, whereas osmY showed higher luminescence in gut and, at the end of the infection process, in muscle tissue. Similar results were obtained in ex vivo assays using rainbow trout tissues. The results indicated that this kind of approach was useful for the identification of genes related to virulence in Y. ruckeri and also for the in vivo and in vitro studies of each of the selected genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mendez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Desirée Cascales
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana I Garcia-Torrico
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jose A Guijarro
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Kumar G, Hummel K, Welch TJ, Razzazi-Fazeli E, El-Matbouli M. Global proteomic profiling of Yersinia ruckeri strains. Vet Res 2017; 48:55. [PMID: 28931430 PMCID: PMC5607619 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) of salmonids. There is little information regarding the proteomics of Y. ruckeri. Herein, we perform whole protein identification and quantification of biotype 1 and biotype 2 strains of Y. ruckeri grown under standard culture conditions using a shotgun proteomic approach. Proteins were extracted, digested and peptides were separated by a nano liquid chromatography system and analyzed with a high-resolution hybrid triple quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer coupled via a nano ESI interface. SWATH-MS technology and sophisticated statistical analyses were used to identify proteome differences among virulent and avirulent strains. GO annotation, subcellular localization, virulence proteins and antibiotic resistance ontology were predicted using bioinformatic tools. A total of 1395 proteins were identified in the whole cell of Y. ruckeri. These included proteases, chaperones, cell division proteins, outer membrane proteins, lipoproteins, receptors, ion binding proteins, transporters and catalytic proteins. In virulent strains, a total of 16 proteins were upregulated including anti-sigma regulatory factor, arginine deiminase, phosphate-binding protein PstS and superoxide dismutase Cu-Zu. Additionally, several virulence proteins were predicted such as Clp and Lon pro-teases, TolB, PPIases, PstS, PhoP and LuxR family transcriptional regulators. These putative virulence proteins might be used for development of novel targets for treatment of ERM in fish. Our study represents one of the first global proteomic reference profiles of Y. ruckeri and this data can be accessed via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD005439. These proteomic profiles elucidate proteomic mechanisms, pathogenicity, host-interactions, antibiotic resistance ontology and localization of Y. ruckeri proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karin Hummel
- VetCore Facility for Research/Proteomics Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timothy J Welch
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, USA
| | - Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli
- VetCore Facility for Research/Proteomics Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Cascales D, Guijarro JA, García-Torrico AI, Méndez J. Comparative genome analysis reveals important genetic differences among serotype O1 and serotype O2 strains of Y. ruckeri and provides insights into host adaptation and virulence. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6. [PMID: 28317294 PMCID: PMC5552943 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of a commercial vaccine routinely used to protect salmonids against Yersinia ruckeri, outbreaks still occur, mainly caused by nonmotile and lipase‐negative strains (serotype O1 biotype 2). Moreover, epizootics caused by other uncommon serotypes have also been reported. At the moment, one of the main concerns for the aquaculture industry is the expanding range of hosts of this pathogen and the emergence of new biotypes and serotypes causing mortality in fish farms and against which the vaccine cannot protect. The comparative analysis of the genome sequences of five Y. ruckeri strains (150, CSF007‐82, ATCC29473, Big Creek 74, and SC09) isolated from different hosts and classified into different serotypes revealed important genetic differences between the genomes analyzed. Thus, a clear genetic differentiation was found between serotype O1 and O2 strains. The presence of 99 unique genes in Big Creek 74 and 261 in SC09 could explain the adaptation of these strains to salmon and catfish, respectively. Finally, the absence of 21 genes in ATCC29473 which are present in the other four virulent strains could underpin the attenuation described for this strain. The study reveals important genetic differences among the genomes analyzed. Further investigation of the genes highlighted in this study could provide insights into the understanding of the virulence and niche adaptive mechanisms of Y. ruckeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Cascales
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José A Guijarro
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana I García-Torrico
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jessica Méndez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Avendaño-Herrera R, Tapia-Cammas D, Aedo A, Saldivia P, Ortega C, Irgang R. Disease caused by Yersinia ruckeri serotype O2b found in Chilean-farmed coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:279-285. [PMID: 27193605 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Avendaño-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Quintay, Chile
| | - D Tapia-Cammas
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
| | - A Aedo
- Laboratorio de Salud, Aquagestion S.A., Villarrica, Chile
| | - P Saldivia
- Laboratorio de Salud, Aquagestion S.A., Villarrica, Chile
| | - C Ortega
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - R Irgang
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
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Yersinia ruckeri Isolates Recovered from Diseased Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Scotland Are More Diverse than Those from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Represent Distinct Subpopulations. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5785-94. [PMID: 27451448 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01173-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Yersinia ruckeri is the etiological agent of enteric redmouth (ERM) disease of farmed salmonids. Enteric redmouth disease is traditionally associated with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), but its incidence in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is increasing. Yersinia ruckeri isolates recovered from diseased Atlantic salmon have been poorly characterized, and very little is known about the relationship of the isolates associated with these two species. Phenotypic approaches were used to characterize 109 Y. ruckeri isolates recovered over a 14-year period from infected Atlantic salmon in Scotland; 26 isolates from infected rainbow trout were also characterized. Biotyping, serotyping, and comparison of outer membrane protein profiles identified 19 Y. ruckeri clones associated with Atlantic salmon but only five associated with rainbow trout; none of the Atlantic salmon clones occurred in rainbow trout and vice versa These findings suggest that distinct subpopulations of Y. ruckeri are associated with each species. A new O serotype (designated O8) was identified in 56 biotype 1 Atlantic salmon isolates and was the most common serotype identified from 2006 to 2011 and in 2014, suggesting an increased prevalence during the time period sampled. Rainbow trout isolates were represented almost exclusively by the same biotype 2, serotype O1 clone that has been responsible for the majority of ERM outbreaks in this species within the United Kingdom since the 1980s. However, the identification of two biotype 2, serotype O8 isolates in rainbow trout suggests that vaccines containing serotypes O1 and O8 should be evaluated in both rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon for application in Scotland. IMPORTANCE Vaccination plays an important role in protecting Atlantic salmon against the bacterial pathogen Yersinia ruckeri, but, in recent years, there has been an increasing incidence of vaccine breakdown in salmon. This is largely because current vaccines are aimed at rainbow trout and are based on serotypes specific for this species. A wider range of serotypes is responsible for infection in Atlantic salmon, but very little is known about the diversity of these strains and their relationships to those recovered from rainbow trout. In the present study, we demonstrate that Y. ruckeri isolates recovered from diseased Atlantic salmon in Scotland are more diverse than those from rainbow trout; furthermore, isolates from the two species represent distinct subpopulations. In addition, a new O serotype was identified that is responsible for a significant proportion of the disease in Atlantic salmon. Our findings are likely to have important implications for the development of improved vaccines against Y. ruckeri.
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Genome Sequence of the Fish Pathogen Yersinia ruckeri SC09 Provides Insights into Niche Adaptation and Pathogenic Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:557. [PMID: 27089334 PMCID: PMC4849013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is the etiologic agent of enteric red mouth disease (ERM), a severe fish disease prevailing in worldwide aquaculture industries. Here we report for the first time the complete genome of Y. ruckeri (Yersinia ruckeri) SC09, a highly virulent strain isolated from Ictalurus punctatus with severe septicemia. SC09 possesses a single chromosome of 3,923,491 base pairs, which contains 3651 predicted protein coding sequences (CDS), 19 rRNA genes, and 79 tRNA genes. Among the CDS, we have identified a Ysa locus containing genes encoding all the components of a type III secretion system (T3SS). Comparative analysis suggest that SC09-Ysa share extensive similarity in sequence, gene content, and gene arrangement with Salmonella enterica pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) and chromosome-encoded T3SS from Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1B. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis shown that SC09-Ysa and SPI1-T3SS belong on the same branch of the phylogenetic tree. These results suggest that SC09-Ysa and SPI1-T3SS appear to mediate biological function to adapt to specific hosts with a similar niche, and both of them are likely to facilitate the development of an intracellular niche. In addition, our analysis also indicated that a substantial part of the SC09 genome might contribute to adaption in the intestinal microenvironment, including a number of proteins associated with aerobic or anaerobic respiration, signal transduction, and various stress reactions. Genomic analysis of the bacterium offered insights into the pathogenic mechanism associated with intracellular infection and intestinal survivability, which constitutes an important first step in understanding the pathogenesis of Y. ruckeri.
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Bastardo A, Ravelo C, Romalde JL. Phylogeography of Yersinia ruckeri reveals effects of past evolutionary events on the current strain distribution and explains variations in the global transmission of enteric redmouth (ERM) disease. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1198. [PMID: 26579104 PMCID: PMC4625090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogeographic patterns and population genetic structure of Yersinia ruckeri, the pathological agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in salmonids, were investigated on the basis of concatenated multiloci sequences from isolates of different phenotypes obtained between 1965 and 2009 from diverse areas and hosts. Sequence analyses revealed genetic differentiation among subpopulations with the largest genetic distance occurring between subpopulations of Europe and Canada and/or South America. Bayesian analysis indicated the presence of three ancestral population clusters. Mismatch distribution displayed signatures characteristic of changes in size due to demographic and spatial expansions in the overall Y. ruckeri population, and also in the geographically separate subpopulations. Furthermore, a weak signal of isolation by distance was determined. A significant positive correlation between genetic and geographical distances was observed. These results revealed that the population of Y. ruckeri has undergone both ancient and recent population changes that were probably induced by biogeography forces in the past and, much more recently, by adaptive processes forced by aquaculture expansion. These findings have important implications for future studies on Y. ruckeri population dynamics, on the potential role of genetic structure to explain variations in ERM transmission, and on the effect of past evolutionary events on current estimations of gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmine Bastardo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Estación de Investigaciones Hidrobiológicas de Guayana, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales San Félix, Venezuela
| | - Carmen Ravelo
- Estación de Investigaciones Hidrobiológicas de Guayana, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales San Félix, Venezuela
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Kumar G, Menanteau-Ledouble S, Saleh M, El-Matbouli M. Yersinia ruckeri, the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease in fish. Vet Res 2015; 46:103. [PMID: 26404907 PMCID: PMC4581093 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric redmouth disease (ERM) is a serious septicemic bacterial disease of salmonid fish species. It is caused by Yersinia ruckeri, a Gram-negative rod-shaped enterobacterium. It has a wide host range, broad geographical distribution, and causes significant economic losses in the fish aquaculture industry. The disease gets its name from the subcutaneous hemorrhages, it can cause at the corners of the mouth and in gums and tongue. Other clinical signs include exophthalmia, darkening of the skin, splenomegaly and inflammation of the lower intestine with accumulation of thick yellow fluid. The bacterium enters the fish via the secondary gill lamellae and from there it spreads to the blood and internal organs. Y. ruckeri can be detected by conventional biochemical, serological and molecular methods. Its genome is 3.7 Mb with 3406–3530 coding sequences. Several important virulence factors of Y. ruckeri have been discovered, including haemolyin YhlA and metalloprotease Yrp1. Both non-specific and specific immune responses of fish during the course of Y. ruckeri infection have been well characterized. Several methods of vaccination have been developed for controlling both biotype 1 and biotype 2 Y. ruckeri strains in fish. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding enteric redmouth disease and Y. ruckeri: diagnosis, genome, virulence factors, interaction with the host immune responses, and the development of vaccines against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Simon Menanteau-Ledouble
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mona Saleh
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Calvez S, Fournel C, Douet DG, Daniel P. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multi locus sequence typing for characterizing genotype variability of Yersinia ruckeri isolated from farmed fish in France. Vet Res 2015; 46:73. [PMID: 26104532 PMCID: PMC4477544 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is a pathogen that has an impact on aquaculture worldwide. The disease caused by this bacterial species, yersiniosis or redmouth disease, generates substantial economic losses due to the associated mortality and veterinary costs. For predicting outbreaks and improving control strategies, it is important to characterize the population structure of the bacteria. The phenotypic and genetic homogeneities described previously indicate a clonal population structure as observed in other fish bacteria. In this study, the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi locus sequence typing (MLST) methods were used to describe a population of isolates from outbreaks on French fish farms. For the PFGE analysis, two enzymes (NotI and AscI) were used separately and together. Results from combining the enzymes showed the great homogeneity of the outbreak population with a similarity > 80.0% but a high variability within the cluster (cut-off value = 80.0%) with a total of 43 pulsotypes described and an index of diversity = 0.93. The dominant pulsotypes described with NotI (PtN4 and PtN7) have already been described in other European countries (Finland, Germany, Denmark, Spain and Italy). The MLST approach showed two dominant sequence types (ST31 and ST36), an epidemic structure of the French Y. ruckeri population and a preferentially clonal evolution for rainbow trout isolates. Our results point to multiple types of selection pressure on the Y. ruckeri population attributable to geographical origin, ecological niche specialization and movements of farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ségolène Calvez
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, UMR1300 Biologie, Épidémiologie et Analyse de Risque en santé animale, F-44307, Nantes, France.
- INRA, UMR1300 BioEpAR, F-44307, Nantes, France.
| | - Catherine Fournel
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, UMR1300 Biologie, Épidémiologie et Analyse de Risque en santé animale, F-44307, Nantes, France.
- INRA, UMR1300 BioEpAR, F-44307, Nantes, France.
| | - Diane-Gaëlle Douet
- GDSAA, Groupe de Défense Sanitaire Aquacole Aquitain, F-40000, Mont de Marsan, France.
| | - Patrick Daniel
- Laboratoire des Pyrénées et des Landes, F-40000, Mont de Marsan, France.
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Ktari N, Fourati N, Zerrouki C, Ruan M, Seydou M, Barbaut F, Nal F, Yaakoubi N, Chehimi MM, Kalfat R. Design of a polypyrrole MIP-SAW sensor for selective detection of flumequine in aqueous media. Correlation between experimental results and DFT calculations. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16237h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A shear horizontal surface acoustic wave sensor (SH-SAW) operating at 104 MHz was functionalized with a polypyrrole (PPy) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for selective detection of flumequine (FLU) in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Ktari
- Laboratoire Méthodes et Techniques d'Analyse
- INRAP
- Tunisia
| | - N. Fourati
- Cnam
- SATIE
- UMR CNRS 8029 ENS Cachan-Cnam
- Paris
- France
| | - C. Zerrouki
- Cnam
- SATIE
- UMR CNRS 8029 ENS Cachan-Cnam
- Paris
- France
| | - M. Ruan
- Université Paris Sorbonne Paris Cité
- ITODYS
- UMR 7086
- Paris
- France
| | - M. Seydou
- Université Paris Sorbonne Paris Cité
- ITODYS
- UMR 7086
- Paris
- France
| | - F. Barbaut
- Université Paris Sorbonne Paris Cité
- ITODYS
- UMR 7086
- Paris
- France
| | - F. Nal
- EP AnaPhy/Physique
- Cnam
- 75003 Paris
- France
| | - N. Yaakoubi
- Université du Maine
- LAUM
- UMR CNRS 6613
- 72085 LE MANS, Cedex9
- France
| | - M. M. Chehimi
- Université Paris Sorbonne Paris Cité
- ITODYS
- UMR 7086
- Paris
- France
| | - R. Kalfat
- Laboratoire Méthodes et Techniques d'Analyse
- INRAP
- Tunisia
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26
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Ktari N, Fourati N, Zerrouki C, Ruan M, Nassoko D, Seydou M, Yaakoubi N, Chehimi M, Kalfat R. Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor for Selective Detection of Flumequine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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