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Tumas AV, Slatvinskaya VA, Kumeiko VV, Sokolnikova YN. Study of the Impact of the Parasitic Microalgae Coccomyxa parasitica on the Health of Bivalve Modiolus kurilensis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:997. [PMID: 38792826 PMCID: PMC11123908 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The invasion of bivalves by parasitic microalgae Coccomyxa is widespread and causes pathologies and dysfunctions of the organs, especially in the most valuable products: the mantle and the muscle. The pathogenesis of the disease remains completely unknown. In this study, based on a macroscopic examination of Modiolus kurilensis and microalgae count in each infected individual, four stages of disease development with characteristic pathognomonic symptoms were described. During the progression of the disease, the concentration of alkaline phosphatase, glucose, calcium, hemolytic and agglutinating activities, number of basophils, eosinophils, phagocytes, and cells with reactive oxygen species increased in the hemolymph, while number of agranulocytes, cells with lysosomes, dead hemocytes, total protein concentration, as well as the weight of mollusks decreased. In the nephridia and digestive gland, necrosis, invasion of Nematopsis sp., hemocyte infiltration, and fibrosis increased. The ratio of changed tubules and occurrence of granulocytomas increased in the digestive gland, while the base membrane, nephrocytes and concretions changed in the nephridia. This study helps establish the variability of these parameters under normal conditions and their alteration during the disease. Moreover, these findings can be used for veterinary monitoring of the state of bivalves in natural and aquaculture populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayna V. Tumas
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Veronika A. Slatvinskaya
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Kumeiko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia N. Sokolnikova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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Cho YG, Kim JH, Choi HJ, Jang GI, Oh YK, Lee SJ, Hong SY, Kwon MG, Choi KS. First report of Perkinsus olseni infections in blood cockles Tegillarca granosa on the south coast of Korea. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2023; 156:39-45. [PMID: 38078797 DOI: 10.3354/dao03758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Perkinsus olseni has become a focus of attention since it has been responsible for mass mortalities and economic losses in a wide range of bivalve hosts globally. The P. olseni host range along the south coast of Korea may extend beyond what was previously understood, and blood cockles in the Family Arcidae are also suggested to be potential hosts of P. olseni. In the present study, we applied histology and molecular techniques to identify Perkinsus sp. infections in the blood cockles Tegillarca granosa, which have been commercially exploited on the south coast of Korea for several decades. Histology and molecular techniques, including genus-specific immunofluorescence assay, species-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization, and phylogeny based on the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region revealed that T. granosa is infected by P. olseni, although the prevalence was low (0.5%). Histology revealed massive hemocyte infiltrations in the mantle, gill, and digestive gland connective tissues, indicating that the infection exerts negative impacts on the host cockles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ghan Cho
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Tidal Flat Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries and Science, Gunsan 54001, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Choi
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Il Jang
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kyeong Oh
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jeong Lee
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Youl Hong
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Gyeong Kwon
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Choi
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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Bogema DR, Yam J, Micallef ML, Gholipourkanani H, Go J, Jenkins C, Dang C. Draft genomes of Perkinsus olseni and Perkinsus chesapeaki reveal polyploidy and regional differences in heterozygosity. Genomics 2020; 113:677-688. [PMID: 33017625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Perkinsus spp. parasites have significant impact on aquaculture and wild mollusc populations. We sequenced the genomes of five monoclonal isolates of Perkinsus olseni and one Perkinsus chesapeaki from international sources. Sequence analysis revealed similar levels of repetitive sequence within species, a polyploid genome structure, and substantially higher heterozygosity in Oceanian-sourced isolates. We also identified tandem replication of the rRNA transcriptional unit, with high strain variation. Characterized gene content was broadly similar amongst all Perkinsus spp. but P. olseni Oceanian isolates contained an elevated number of genes compared to other P. olseni isolates and cox3 could not be identified in any Perkinsus spp. sequence. Phylogenetics and average nucleotide identity scans were consistent with all P. olseni isolates being within one species. These are the first genome sequences generated for both P. olseni and P. chesapeaki and will allow future advances in diagnostic design and population genomics of these important aquatic parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Bogema
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia.
| | - Jerald Yam
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia; The Ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Melinda L Micallef
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Hosna Gholipourkanani
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Go
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Cheryl Jenkins
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Cecile Dang
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Shamal P, Zacharia P, Binesh C, Pranav P, Suja G, Asokan P, Pradeep M, Rithesh R, Vijayan K, Sanil N. Perkinsus olseni in the short neck yellow clam, Paphia malabarica (Chemnitz, 1782) from the southwest coast of India. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 159:113-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Duarte SS, de Moura RO, da Silva PM. Effect of antiprotozoal molecules on hypnospores of Perkinsus spp. parasite. Exp Parasitol 2018; 192:25-35. [PMID: 30028986 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Perkinsus protozoan parasites have been associated with high mortality of bivalves worldwide, including Brazil. The use of antiproliferative drugs to treat the Perkinsosis is an unusual prophylactic strategy. However, because of their environment impact it could be used to control parasite proliferation in closed system, such as hatchery. This study evaluated the anti-Perkinsus activity potential of synthesized and commercial compounds. Viability of hypnospores of Perkinsus spp. was assessed in vitro. Cells were incubated with three 2-amino-thiophene (6AMD, 6CN, 5CN) and one acylhydrazone derivatives (AMZ-DCL), at the concentrations of 31.25; 62.5; 125; 250 and 500 μM and one commercial chlorinated phenoxy phenol derivative, triclosan (2, 5, 10 and 20 μM), for 24-48 h. Two synthetic molecules (6CN and AMZ-DCL) caused a significant decline (38 and 39%, respectively) in hypnospores viability, at the highest concentration (500 μM), after 48 h. Triclosan was the most cytotoxic compound, causing 100% of mortality at 20 μM after 24 h and at 10 μM after 48 h. Cytotoxic effects of the compounds 6CN, AMZ-DCL, and triclosan were investigated by measuring parasite's zoosporulation, morphological changes and metabolic activities (esterase activity, production of reactive oxygen species and lipid content). Results showed that zoosporulation occurred in few cell. Triclosan caused changes in the morphology of hypnospores. The 6CN and AMZ-DCL did not alter the metabolic activities studied whilst Triclosan significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species and changed the amount and distribution of lipids in the hypnospores. These results suggest that three compounds had potential to be used as antiprotozoal drugs, although further investigation of their mechanism of action must be enlightened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sâmia Sousa Duarte
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba -Campus I, 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Olímpio de Moura
- Laboratório de Síntese e Vetorização de Moléculas, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 58070-450, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Mirella da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba -Campus I, 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
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Pagenkopp Lohan KM, Hill-Spanik KM, Torchin ME, Fleischer RC, Carnegie RB, Reece KS, Ruiz GM. Phylogeography and connectivity of molluscan parasites: Perkinsus spp. in Panama and beyond. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:135-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Reece KS, Scott GP, Dang C, Dungan CF. A novel monoclonal Perkinsus chesapeaki in vitro isolate from an Australian cockle, Anadara trapezia. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 148:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
SUMMARYParasites can exert strong effects on population to ecosystem level processes, but data on parasites are limited for many global regions, especially tropical marine systems. Characterizing parasite diversity and distributions are the first steps towards understanding the potential impacts of parasites. The Panama Canal serves as an interesting location to examine tropical parasite diversity and distribution, as it is a conduit between two oceans and a hub for international trade. We examined metazoan and protistan parasites associated with ten oyster species collected from both Panamanian coasts, including the Panama Canal and Bocas del Toro. We found multiple metazoan taxa (pea crabs, Stylochus spp., Urastoma cyrinae). Our molecular screening for protistan parasites detected four species of Perkinsus (Perkinsus marinus, Perkinsus chesapeaki, Perkinsus olseni, Perkinsus beihaiensis) and several haplosporidians, including two genera (Minchinia, Haplosporidium). Species richness was higher for the protistan parasites than for the metazoans, with haplosporidian richness being higher than Perkinsus richness. Perkinsus species were the most frequently detected and most geographically widespread among parasite groups. Parasite richness and overlap differed between regions, locations and oyster hosts. These results have important implications for tropical parasite richness and the dispersal of parasites due to shipping associated with the Panama Canal.
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QUEIROGA FERNANDORAMOS, MARQUES-SANTOS LUISFERNANDO, DE MEDEIROS ISACALMEIDA, DA SILVA PATRÍCIAMIRELLA. Effects of salinity and temperature on in vitro cell cycle and proliferation of Perkinsus marinus from Brazil. Parasitology 2016; 143:475-87. [PMID: 26888407 PMCID: PMC4800715 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182015001602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Field and in vitro studies have shown that high salinities and temperatures promote the proliferation and dissemination of Perkinsus marinus in several environments. In Brazil, the parasite infects native oysters Crassostrea gasar and Crassostrea rhizophorae in the Northeast (NE), where the temperature is high throughout the year. Despite the high prevalence of Perkinsus spp. infection in oysters from the NE of Brazil, no mortality events were reported by oyster farmers to date. The present study evaluated the effects of salinity (5, 20 and 35 psu) and temperature (15, 25 and 35 °C) on in vitro proliferation of P. marinus isolated from a host (C. rhizophorae) in Brazil, for a period of up to 15 days and after the return to the control conditions (22 days; recovery). Different cellular parameters (changes of cell phase's composition, cell density, viability and production of reactive oxygen species) were analysed using flow cytometry. The results indicate that the P. marinus isolate was sensitive to the extreme salinities and temperatures analysed. Only the highest temperature caused lasting cell damage under prolonged exposure, impairing P. marinus recovery, which is likely to be associated with oxidative stress. These findings will contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of perkinsiosis in tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- FERNANDO RAMOS QUEIROGA
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - LUIS FERNANDO MARQUES-SANTOS
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, CEP 58051–900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - ISAC ALMEIDA DE MEDEIROS
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, CEP 58051–900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - PATRÍCIA MIRELLA DA SILVA
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Hasanuzzaman AFM, Robledo D, Gómez-Tato A, Alvarez-Dios JA, Harrison PW, Cao A, Fernández-Boo S, Villalba A, Pardo BG, Martínez P. De novo transcriptome assembly of Perkinsus olseni trophozoite stimulated in vitro with Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) plasma. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 135:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ramilo A, Pintado J, Villalba A, Abollo E. Perkinsus olseni and P. chesapeaki detected in a survey of perkinsosis of various clam species in Galicia (NW Spain) using PCR–DGGE as a screening tool. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 133:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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