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Soto E, LaFrentz BR, Yun S, Megarani D, Henderson E, Piewbang C, Johnston AE, Techangamsuwan S, Ng TFF, Warg J, Surachetpong W, Subramaniam K. Diagnosis, isolation and description of a novel amnoonvirus recovered from diseased fancy guppies, Poecilia reticulata. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13937. [PMID: 38440909 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The guppy, Poecilia reticulata, is one of the most common cultured ornamental fish species, and a popular pet fish highly desired by hobbyists worldwide due to its availability of many brilliantly coloured fish of many varieties. The susceptibility of guppies to diseases presents a remarkable concern for both breeders and hobbyists. In this study, we report the emergence of disease in fancy guppies caused by a previously uncharacterized virus in the USA. This virus was isolated from moribund guppies in two separate outbreaks in California and Alabama, from December 2021 to June 2023. The infected guppies presented with acute morbidity and mortality shortly after shipping, displaying nonspecific clinical signs and gross changes including lethargy, anorexia, swimming at the water surface, gill pallor, mild to moderate coelomic distension and occasional skin lesions including protruding scales, skin ulcers and hyperaemia. Histological changes in affected fish were mild and nonspecific; however, liver and testes from moribund fish were positive for Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), the single described member in the family Amnoonviridae, using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, although the latter was weak. A virus was successfully recovered following tissue inoculation on epithelioma papulosum cyprini and snakehead fish cell lines. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed nucleotide and amino acid homologies from 78.3%-91.2%, and 78.2%-97.7%, respectively, when comparing the guppy virus genomes to TiLV isolates. Based on the criteria outlined herein, we propose the classification of this new virus, fancy tailed guppy virus (FTGV), as a member of the family Amnoonviridae, with the name Tilapinevirus poikilos (from the Greek 'poikilos', meaning of many colours; various sorts, akin to 'poecilia').
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Soto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Susan Yun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Dorothea Megarani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Eileen Henderson
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Chutchai Piewbang
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amber E Johnston
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Terry Fei Fan Ng
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Janet Warg
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kuttichantran Subramaniam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Gong C, Zhu P, Ye J, Lou J, Zhang L, Liu X, Kong W. Application and development of a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of snakehead vesiculovirus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2024; 371:fnae018. [PMID: 38460951 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Snakehead vesiculovirus (SHVV) is one of the primary pathogens responsible for viral diseases in the snakehead fish. A TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay was established for the rapid detection and quantification of SHVV in this study. Specific primers and fluorescent probes were designed for phosphoprotein (P) gene, and after optimizing the reaction conditions, the results indicated that the detection limit of this method could reach 37.1 copies, representing a 100-fold increase in detection sensitivity compared to RT-PCR. The specificity testing results revealed that this method exhibited no cross-reactivity with ISKNV, LMBV, RSIV, RGNNV, GCRV, and CyHV-2. Repetition experiments demonstrated that both intra-batch and inter-batch coefficients of variation were not higher than 1.66%. Through in vitro infection experiments monitoring the quantitative changes of SHVV in different tissues, the results indicated that the liver and spleen exhibited the highest viral load at 3 poi. The TaqMan-based real-time PCR method established in this study exhibits high sensitivity, excellent specificity, and strong reproducibility. It can be employed for rapid detection and viral load monitoring of SHVV, thus providing a robust tool for the clinical diagnosis and pathogen research of SHVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Gong
- Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Panpan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiaxin Ye
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianfeng Lou
- Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weiguang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Shahi N, Prasartset T, Surachetpong W. A specific and sensitive droplet digital polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of tilapia lake virus in fish tissue and environmental samples. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:957-966. [PMID: 37294665 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) causes high mortality in farmed and wild tilapia in various countries. We developed a highly specific and sensitive droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay to detect and quantify TiLV. The ddPCR assay could detect the virus at a lower threshold than the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase reaction (RT-qPCR) method, and the sensitivity of the ddPCR assay was 10-fold higher. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the ddPCR assay were 100% and did not cross-react with tilapia tissues infected with Tilapia parvovirus, Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, S. iniae and Francisella noatunensis. The assay reproducibility was demonstrated by a high correlation coefficient of 0.998, and the inter-assay coefficients of variability indicated that the ddPCR assay exhibited low variability within and between measurements. The detection limit of the TiLV ddPCR assay was 100 fg cDNA, which is equal to 3.3 copies of TiLV. Furthermore, the ddPCR assay could detect TiLV in mucus, water and infected tissue samples and the lowest copy number of TiLV detected in water samples by the ddPCR assay was 7.9 ± 0.99 copies/reaction The results of the clinical samples tested for TiLV revealed that the ddPCR assay had a relatively higher detection rate than the RT-qPCR method. Overall, the ddPCR method offers a highly promising approach for the absolute quantification of TiLV in carrier fish and samples from the environment with low viral concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Shahi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tharinthon Prasartset
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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