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Ohno Y, Nakatani M, Ito T, Matsui Y, Ando K, Suda Y, Ohashi K, Yokoyama S, Goto K. Activation of Lactate Receptor Positively Regulates Skeletal Muscle Mass in Mice. Physiol Res 2023; 72:465-473. [PMID: 37795889 PMCID: PMC10634564 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81), a selective receptor for lactate, expresses in skeletal muscle cells, but the physiological role of GPR81 in skeletal muscle has not been fully elucidated. As it has been reported that the lactate administration induces muscle hypertrophy, the stimulation of GPR81 has been suggested to mediate muscle hypertrophy. To clarify the contribution of GPR81 activation in skeletal muscle hypertrophy, in the present study, we investigated the effect of GPR81 agonist administration on skeletal muscle mass in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group and GPR81 agonist-administered group that received oral administration of the specific GPR81 agonist 3-Chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (CHBA). In both fast-twitch plantaris and slow-twitch soleus muscles of mice, the protein expression of GPR81 was observed. Oral administration of CHBA to mice significantly increased absolute muscle weight and muscle weight relative to body weight in the two muscles. Moreover, both absolute and relative muscle protein content in the two muscles were significantly increased by CHBA administration. CHBA administration also significantly upregulated the phosphorylation level of p42/44 extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK). These observations suggest that activation of GRP81 stimulates increased the mass of two types of skeletal muscle in mice in vivo. Lactate receptor GPR81 may positively affect skeletal muscle mass through activation of ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohno
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Care, Seijoh University, Tokai, Japan.
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Kindlovits R, Bertoldi JMCRJ, Rocha HNM, Bento-Bernardes T, Gomes JLP, de Oliveira EM, Muniz IC, Pereira JF, Fernandes-Santos C, Rocha NG, Nóbrega ACLD, Medeiros RF. Molecular mechanisms underlying fructose-induced cardiovascular disease: exercise, metabolic pathways and microRNAs. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1224-1234. [PMID: 33608966 DOI: 10.1113/ep088845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What are the mechanisms underlying the cardiac protective effect of aerobic training in the progression of a high fructose-induced cardiometabolic disease in Wistar rats? What is the main finding and its importance? At the onset of cardiovascular disease, aerobic training activates the p-p70S6K, ERK and IRβ-PI3K-AKT pathways, without changing the miR-126 and miR-195 levels, thereby providing evidence that aerobic training modulates the insulin signalling pathway. These data contribute to the understanding of the molecular cardiac changes that are associated with physiological left ventricular hypertrophy during the development of a cardiovascular disease. ABSTRACT During the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD), disturbances in myocardial vascularization, cell proliferation and protein expression are observed. Aerobic training prevents CVD, but the underlying mechanisms behind left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy are not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which aerobic training protects the heart from LV hypertrophy during the onset of fructose-induced cardiometabolic disease. Male Wistar rats were allocated to four groups (n = 8/group): control sedentary (C), control training (CT), fructose sedentary (F) and fructose training (FT). The C and CT groups received drinking water, and the F and FT groups received d-fructose (10% in water). After 2 weeks, the CT and FT rats were assigned to a treadmill training protocol at moderate intensity for 8 weeks (60 min/day, 4 days/week). After 10 weeks, LV morphological remodelling, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, microRNAs and the insulin signalling pathway were investigated. The F group had systemic cardiometabolic alterations, which were normalised by aerobic training. The LV weight increased in the FT group, myocardium vascularisation decreased in the F group, and the cardiomyocyte area increased in the CT, F and FT groups. Regarding protein expression, total insulin receptor β-subunit (IRβ) decreased in the F group; phospho (p)-IRβ and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) increased in the FT group; total-AKT and p-AKT increased in all of the groups; p-p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) protein was higher in the CT group; and p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) increased in the CT and FT groups. MiR-126, miR-195 and cardiomyocyte apoptosis did not differ among the groups. Aerobic training activates p-p70S6K and p-ERK, and during the onset of a CVD, it can activate the IRβ-PI3K-AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Kindlovits
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity and Exercise, CNPq -, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julia Maria Cabral Relvas Jacome Bertoldi
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity and Exercise, CNPq -, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena Naly Miguens Rocha
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity and Exercise, CNPq -, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Bento-Bernardes
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Lucas Penteado Gomes
- National Institute for Science and Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity and Exercise, CNPq -, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira
- National Institute for Science and Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity and Exercise, CNPq -, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Cristina Muniz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity and Exercise, CNPq -, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Frota Pereira
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity and Exercise, CNPq -, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Galito Rocha
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity and Exercise, CNPq -, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nóbrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity and Exercise, CNPq -, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Frauches Medeiros
- National Institute for Science and Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity and Exercise, CNPq -, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Siriguleng S, Koike T, Natsume Y, Jiang H, Mu L, Oshida Y. Eicosapentaenoic acid enhances skeletal muscle hypertrophy without altering the protein anabolic signaling pathway. Physiol Res 2021; 70:55-65. [PMID: 33453714 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by muscle overload and the associated intracellular signaling pathways. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to oral treatment with either EPA or corn oil for 6 weeks. After 4 weeks of treatment, the gastrocnemius muscle of the right hindlimb was surgically removed to overload the plantaris and soleus muscles for 1 or 2 weeks. We examined the effect of EPA on the signaling pathway associated with protein synthesis using the soleus muscles. According to our analysis of the compensatory muscle growth, EPA administration enhanced hypertrophy of the soleus muscle but not hypertrophy of the plantaris muscle. Nevertheless, EPA administration did not enhance the expression or phosphorylation of Akt, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), or S6 kinase (S6K) in the soleus muscle. In conclusion, EPA enhances skeletal muscle hypertrophy, which can be independent of changes in the AKT-mTOR-S6K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Siriguleng
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Stožer A, Vodopivc P, Križančić Bombek L. Pathophysiology of exercise-induced muscle damage and its structural, functional, metabolic, and clinical consequences. Physiol Res 2020; 69:565-598. [PMID: 32672048 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme or unaccustomed eccentric exercise can cause exercise-induced muscle damage, characterized by structural changes involving sarcomere, cytoskeletal, and membrane damage, with an increased permeability of sarcolemma for proteins. From a functional point of view, disrupted force transmission, altered calcium homeostasis, disruption of excitation-contraction coupling, as well as metabolic changes bring about loss of strength. Importantly, the trauma also invokes an inflammatory response and clinically presents itself by swelling, decreased range of motion, increased passive tension, soreness, and a transient decrease in insulin sensitivity. While being damaging and influencing heavily the ability to perform repeated bouts of exercise, changes produced by exercise-induced muscle damage seem to play a crucial role in myofibrillar adaptation. Additionally, eccentric exercise yields greater hypertrophy than isometric or concentric contractions and requires less in terms of metabolic energy and cardiovascular stress, making it especially suitable for the elderly and people with chronic diseases. This review focuses on our current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced muscle damage, their dependence on genetic background, as well as their consequences at the structural, functional, metabolic, and clinical level. A comprehensive understanding of these is a prerequisite for proper inclusion of eccentric training in health promotion, rehabilitation, and performance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stožer
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slovenia.
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