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Akkour K, Alanazi IO, Alfadda AA, Masood A, Alhalal H, Joy SS, Bassi A, Alshehri E, Alwehaibi MA, Arafah M, Benabdelkamel H. Plasma-based proteomic profiling identifies the distinct regulation of proteins in hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:752. [PMID: 38902713 PMCID: PMC11191338 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among gynaecological malignancies, endometrial cancer (EC) is the most prevalent type of uterine cancer affecting women. This study explored the proteomic profiles of plasma samples obtained from EC patients, those with hyperplasia (Hy), and a control group (CO). A combination of techniques, such as 2D-DIGE, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics, including pathway analysis, was used to identify proteins with modified expression levels, biomarkers and their associated metabolic pathways in these groups. METHODS Thirty-four patients, categorized into three groups-10 with EC, 12 with Hy, and 12 CO-between the ages of 46 and 75 years old were included in the study. Untargeted proteomic analysis was carried out using two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). RESULTS In all three groups, 114 proteins that were significantly (p ≤ 0.05 and fold change ≥ 1.5) altered were successfully identified using peptide mass fingerprints (PMFs). Compared with those in the control group (CO), the EC samples had 85 differentially expressed proteins (39 upregulated and 46 downregulated), and in the Hy group, 81 proteins were dysregulated (40 upregulated and 41 downregulated) compared to those in the CO group, while 33 proteins exhibited differential regulation (12 upregulated and 21 downregulated) in the EC plasma samples compared to those in the Hy group. Vitamin D binding protein and complement C3 distinguished Hy and EC from CO with the greatest changes in expression. Among the differentially expressed proteins identified, enzymes with catalytic activity represented the largest group (42.9%). In terms of biological processes, most of the proteins were involved in cellular processes (28.8%), followed by metabolic processes (16.7%). STRING analysis for protein interactions revealed that the significantly differentially abundant proteins in the three groups are involved in three main biological processes: signalling of complement and coagulation cascades, regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) transport and uptake by insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), and plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodelling, and clearance. CONCLUSION The identified plasma protein markers have the potential to serve as biomarkers for differentiating between EC and Hy, as well as for early diagnosis and monitoring of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Akkour
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim O Alanazi
- Healthy Aging Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Health Sector, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim A Alfadda
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afshan Masood
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Alhalal
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salini Scaria Joy
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Bassi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alshehri
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moudi A Alwehaibi
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Arafah
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia.
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Taylor AH, Konje JC, Ayakannu T. Identification of Potentially Novel Molecular Targets of Endometrial Cancer Using a Non-Biased Proteomic Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4665. [PMID: 37760635 PMCID: PMC10527058 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at identifying novel proteins in endometrial cancer (EC), employing proteomic analysis of tissues obtained after surgery. A differential MS-based proteomic analysis was conducted from whole tissues dissected from biopsies from post-menopausal women, histologically confirmed as endometrial cancer (two endometrioid and two serous; n = 4) or normal atrophic endometrium (n = 4), providing 888 differentially expressed proteins with 246 of these previously documented elsewhere as expressed in EC and 372 proteins not previously demonstrated to be expressed in EC but associated with other types of cancer. Additionally, 33 proteins not recorded previously in PubMed as being expressed in any forms of cancer were also identified, with only 26 of these proteins having a publication associated with their expression patterns or putative functions. The putative functions of the 26 proteins (GRN, APP, HEXA, CST3, CAD, QARS, SIAE, WARS, MYH8, CLTB, GOLIM4, SCARB2, BOD1L1, C14orf142, C9orf142, CCDC13, CNPY4, FAM169A, HN1L, PIGT, PLCL1, PMFBP1, SARS2, SCPEP1, SLC25A24 and ZC3H4) in other tissues point towards and provide a basis for further investigation of these previously unrecognised novel EC proteins. The developmental biology, disease, extracellular matrix, homeostatic, immune, metabolic (both RNA and protein), programmed cell death, signal transduction, molecular transport, transcriptional networks and as yet uncharacterised pathways indicate that these proteins are potentially involved in endometrial carcinogenesis and thus may be important in EC diagnosis, prognostication and treatment and thus are worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H. Taylor
- Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies & Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (A.H.T.); (J.C.K.)
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Justin C. Konje
- Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies & Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (A.H.T.); (J.C.K.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Rayyan, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Thangesweran Ayakannu
- Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies & Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (A.H.T.); (J.C.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Sunway Medical Centre, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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Shama A, Soni T, Jawanda IK, Upadhyay G, Sharma A, Prabha V. The Latest Developments in Using Proteomic Biomarkers from Urine and Serum for Non-Invasive Disease Diagnosis and Prognosis. Biomark Insights 2023; 18:11772719231190218. [PMID: 37528936 PMCID: PMC10387783 DOI: 10.1177/11772719231190218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to diagnostic improvements, medical diagnostics is demanding non-invasive or minimally invasive methods. Non-invasively obtained body fluids (eg., Urine, serum) can replace cerebral fluid, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and others for diagnostic reasons. Many illnesses are induced by perturbations of cellular signaling pathways and associated pathway networks as a result of genetic abnormalities. These disturbances are represented by a shift in the protein composition of the fluids surrounding the tissues and organs that is, tissue interstitial fluid (TIF). These variant proteins may serve as diagnostic "signatures" for a variety of disorders. This review provides a concise summary of urine and serum biomarkers that may be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of a variety of disorders, including cancer, brain diseases, kidney diseases, and other system diseases. The studies reviewed in this article suggest that serum and urine biomarkers of various illnesses may be therapeutically useful for future diagnostics. Correct illness management is crucial for disease prognosis, hence non-invasive serum and urine biomarkers have been extensively studied for diagnosis, subclassification, monitoring disease activity, and predicting treatment results and consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Shama
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Thomson Soni
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Garima Upadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anshika Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vijay Prabha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Łaniewski P, Cui H, Mahnert ND, Mourad J, Borst MP, Willmott L, Chase DM, Roe DJ, Herbst-Kralovetz MM. Protein biomarkers in cervicovaginal lavages for detection of endometrial cancer. Biomark Res 2022; 10:88. [PMID: 36461062 PMCID: PMC9717501 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of endometrial cancer (EC) are increasing. For a definitive diagnosis, women undergo various time-consuming and painful medical procedures, such as endometrial biopsy with or without hysteroscopy, and dilation and curettage, which may create a barrier to early detection and treatment, particularly for women with inadequate healthcare access. Thus, there is a need to develop robust EC diagnostics based on non- or minimally-invasive sampling. The objective of this study was to quantify a broad range of immuno-oncology proteins in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples and investigate these proteins as predictive diagnostic biomarkers for EC. METHODS One hundred ninety-two women undergoing hysterectomy for benign or malignant indications were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Classification of women to four disease groups: benign conditions (n = 108), endometrial hyperplasia (n = 18), low-grade endometrioid carcinoma (n = 53) and other EC subtypes (n = 13) was based on histopathology of biopsy samples collected after the surgery. CVL samples were collected in the operating room during the standard-of-care hysterectomy procedure. Concentrations of 72 proteins in CVL samples were evaluated using multiplex immunoassays. Global protein profiles were assessed using principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses. The relationships between protein levels and disease groups and disease severity were determined using Spearman correlation, univariate and multivariate receiver operating characteristics, and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Women with EC and benign conditions exhibited distinctive cervicovaginal protein profiles. Several proteins in CVL samples (e.g., an immune checkpoint protein, TIM-3, growth factors, VEGF, TGF-α, and an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10) discriminated EC from benign conditions, particularly, when tested in combinations with CA19-9, CA125, eotaxin, G-CSF, IL-6, MCP-1, MDC, MCP-3 and TRAIL (sensitivity of 86.1% and specificity of 87.9%). Furthermore, specific biomarkers (e.g., TIM-3, VEGF, TGF-α, TRAIL, MCP-3, IL-15, PD-L2, SCF) associated with histopathological tumor characteristics, including histological type and grade, tumor size, presence and depth of myometrial invasion or mismatch repair protein status, implying their potential utility for disease prognosis or monitoring therapies. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-principle study demonstrated that cervicovaginal sampling coupled with multiplex immunoassay technology can offer a minimally to non-invasive method for EC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Łaniewski
- College of Medicine - Phoenix, University of Arizona, 425 N. 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Haiyan Cui
- UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 3838 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Nichole D Mahnert
- College of Medicine - Phoenix, University of Arizona, 425 N. 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Banner - University Medical Center, 1033 E. McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006, USA
| | - Jamal Mourad
- College of Medicine - Phoenix, University of Arizona, 425 N. 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Banner - University Medical Center, 1033 E. McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006, USA
| | - Matthew P Borst
- College of Medicine - Phoenix, University of Arizona, 425 N. 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Banner - University Medical Center, 1033 E. McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006, USA
| | - Lyndsay Willmott
- Arizona Center for Cancer Care, 2222 E. Highland Ave, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Dana M Chase
- Arizona Center for Cancer Care, 2222 E. Highland Ave, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Denise J Roe
- UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 3838 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Melissa M Herbst-Kralovetz
- College of Medicine - Phoenix, University of Arizona, 425 N. 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
- UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 3838 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA.
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Andersen S, Nawrocki A, Johansen AE, Herrero-Fresno A, Menéndez VG, Møller-Jensen J, Olsen JE. Proteomes of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Growing in Human Urine and in J82 Urinary Bladder Cells. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10020015. [PMID: 35645373 PMCID: PMC9149909 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the most common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI). UPEC normally reside in the intestine, and during establishment of UTI, they undergo metabolic adaptations, first to urine and then upon tissue invasion to the bladder cell interior. To understand these adaptations, we used quantitative proteomic profiling to characterize protein expression of the UPEC strain UTI89 growing in human urine and when inside J82 bladder cells. In order to facilitate detection of UPEC proteins over the excess amount of eukaryotic proteins in bladder cells, we developed a method where proteins from UTI89 grown in MOPS and urine was spiked-in to enhance detection of bacterial proteins. More than 2000 E. coli proteins were detected. During growth in urine, proteins associated with iron acquisition and several amino acid uptake and biosynthesis systems, most prominently arginine metabolism, were significantly upregulated. During growth in J82 cells, proteins related to iron uptake and arginine metabolisms were likewise upregulated together with proteins involved in sulfur compound turnover. Ribosomal proteins were downregulated relative to growth in MOPS in this environment. There was no direct correlation between upregulated proteins and proteins reported to be essential for infections, showing that upregulation during growth does not signify that the proteins are essential for growth under a condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisse Andersen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (S.A.); (A.E.J.); (A.H.-F.); (V.G.M.)
| | - Arkadiusz Nawrocki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; (A.N.); (J.M.-J.)
| | - Andreas Eske Johansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (S.A.); (A.E.J.); (A.H.-F.); (V.G.M.)
| | - Ana Herrero-Fresno
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (S.A.); (A.E.J.); (A.H.-F.); (V.G.M.)
| | - Vanesa García Menéndez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (S.A.); (A.E.J.); (A.H.-F.); (V.G.M.)
| | - Jakob Møller-Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; (A.N.); (J.M.-J.)
| | - John Elmerdahl Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (S.A.); (A.E.J.); (A.H.-F.); (V.G.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Luu GT, Sanchez LM. Toward improvement of screening through mass spectrometry-based proteomics: ovarian cancer as a case study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 469:116679. [PMID: 34744497 PMCID: PMC8570641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2021.116679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths affecting United States women. Early-stage detection of ovarian cancer has been linked to increased survival, however, current screening methods, such as biomarker testing, have proven to be ineffective in doing so. Therefore, further developments are necessary to be able to achieve positive patient prognosis. Ongoing efforts are being made in biomarker discovery towards clinical applications in screening for early-stage ovarian cancer. In this perspective, we discuss and provide examples for several workflows employing mass spectrometry-based proteomics towards protein biomarker discovery and characterization in the context of ovarian cancer; workflows include protein identification and characterization as well as intact protein profiling. We also discuss the opportunities to merge these workflows for a multiplexed approach for biomarkers. Lastly, we provide our insight as to future developments that may serve to enhance biomarker discovery workflows while also considering translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon T Luu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High St. Santa Cruz, CA, 95064
| | - Laura M Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High St. Santa Cruz, CA, 95064
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