1
|
Gruber T, Lechner F, Krieger JP, García-Cáceres C. Neuroendocrine gut-brain signaling in obesity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00120-6. [PMID: 38821753 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed the rise and fall of several, largely unsuccessful, therapeutic attempts to bring the escalating obesity pandemic to a halt. Looking back to look ahead, the field has now put its highest hopes in translating insights from how the gastrointestinal (GI) tract communicates with the brain to calibrate behavior, physiology, and metabolism. A major focus of this review is to summarize the latest advances in comprehending the neuroendocrine aspects of this so-called 'gut-brain axis' and to explore novel concepts, cutting-edge technologies, and recent paradigm-shifting experiments. These exciting insights continue to refine our understanding of gut-brain crosstalk and are poised to promote the development of additional therapeutic avenues at the dawn of a new era of antiobesity therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gruber
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA; Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Franziska Lechner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang J, Xu Q, Li Y, He X, Guo Y, Sun X. Activation of Calcium-Sensing Receptor in the Area Postrema Inhibits Food Intake via Glutamatergic and GABAergic Signaling Pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200245. [PMID: 36281915 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE A high-protein diet has become a popular way to lose weight. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is activated by amino acids in addition to calcium ions. CaSR shows dense expression in the area postrema (AP), which participates in feeding regulation. The effect of CaSR in the AP on food intake and the potential mechanism involved is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6 mice are used to observe the effect of R568 (agonist of CaSR) on food intake. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence staining, and chemogenetics are used to explore the neural signaling involved. CaSR activation in the AP inhibited acute feeding; R568 increases the content of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the AP, whereas only glutamatergic neurons mediate the effect of R568. GABA-A receptor and ionic glutamate receptor (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor [NMDAR]) in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) are involved in the effect of R568. Promotion of oxytocin (OT) synthesis in the PVN also participates in the effect of R568, and this mechanism is mediated by NMDAR in the PVN. CONCLUSION CaSR activation in the AP suppresses feeding, and AP-PVN glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling pathways are involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Xiaoman He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Xiangrong Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mráziková L, Neprašová B, Mengr A, Popelová A, Strnadová V, Holá L, Železná B, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Lipidized Prolactin-Releasing Peptide as a New Potential Tool to Treat Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Preclinical Studies in Rodent Models. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:779962. [PMID: 34867411 PMCID: PMC8637538 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.779962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are preconditions for the development of metabolic syndrome, which is reaching pandemic levels worldwide, but there are still only a few anti-obesity drugs available. One of the promising tools for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic complications is anorexigenic peptides, such as prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP). PrRP is a centrally acting neuropeptide involved in food intake and body weight (BW) regulation. In its natural form, it has limitations for peripheral administration; thus, we designed analogs of PrRP lipidized at the N-terminal region that showed high binding affinities, increased stability and central anorexigenic effects after peripheral administration. In this review, we summarize the preclinical results of our chronic studies on the pharmacological role of the two most potent palmitoylated PrRP31 analogs in various mouse and rat models of obesity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. We used mice and rats with diet-induced obesity fed a high-fat diet, which is considered to simulate the most common form of human obesity, or rodent models with leptin deficiency or disrupted leptin signaling in which long-term food intake regulation by leptin is distorted. The rodent models described in this review are models of metabolic syndrome with different severities, such as obesity or morbid obesity, prediabetes or diabetes and hypertension. We found that the effects of palmitoylated PrRP31 on food intake and BW but not on glucose intolerance require intact leptin signaling. Thus, palmitoylated PrRP31 analogs have potential as therapeutics for obesity and related metabolic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mráziková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech
| | - Barbora Neprašová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech.,Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech
| | - Anna Mengr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech
| | - Andrea Popelová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech
| | - Veronika Strnadová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech
| | - Lucie Holá
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech.,Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech
| |
Collapse
|