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Yang SJ, Lee Y, Nam SH. Quantitation and speciation of inorganic arsenic in a biological sample by capillary ion chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Anal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-022-00354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe toxicity and biological activity of arsenic depend on its chemical form. In particular, inorganic arsenics are more toxic than organic ones. Apart from the determination of total arsenics, their accurate speciation is important for toxicity assessment. To separate arsenic species using a cation or an anion separation column, at least 0.5–1.0 mL of sample is required because conventional ion chromatography columns use a sample loop of 100–200 μL. It is thus difficult to analyze samples with small volumes, such as clinical and biological samples. In this study, a method for separating arsenic species using a 5-μL sample loop combined with a capillary ion exchange column has been developed for analyzing small volume of samples. The separated arsenics were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. By oxidizing As(III) to As(V) prior to analysis, the total inorganic arsenics, As(III) and As(V), could be well separated from the organic ones. Linear calibration curves (0.5–50 μg/kg) were obtained for total inorganic arsenics dissolved in water. Sub-picogram-level detection limit was obtained. The analytical capability of this method was successfully validated for certified reference materials, namely water and human urine, with total inorganic arsenic recovery efficiencies of 100% and 121%, respectively. Our method requires less than ~ 10 μL of sample and will be very useful to analyze valuable samples available in limited amounts.
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Takayama Y, Masuzaki Y, Mizutani F, Iwata T, Maeda E, Tsukada M, Nomura K, Ito Y, Chisaki Y, Murata K. Associations between blood arsenic and urinary arsenic species concentrations as an exposure characterization tool. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141517. [PMID: 32829259 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Blood arsenic has various toxicities including carcinogenicity, but urinary concentrations are often substituted to determine the exposure level. Since there is little information on the relation of urinary arsenic species to blood arsenic, the aim was to investigate relationships between blood total arsenic (T-As) and the urinary species adjusted by creatinine and specific gravity (SG). Blood and spot urine samples were collected from 109 Japanese subjects aged 18-66 years without occupational exposure. Positive correlations of blood T-As (median, 3.49 μg/L) with urinary creatinine-adjusted and SG-adjusted T-As and arsenobetaine were statistically significant and greater than those with the unadjusted ones. The magnitude of associations of blood T-As with creatinine-adjusted arsenic species was significantly larger than those with unadjusted or SG-adjusted ones. Most of the correlation coefficients among urinary arsenic species concentrations were significant in three adjustment methods, but there was not a significant correlation between monomethylarsonic acid and arsenobetaine after urinary creatinine and SG corrections. Given multiple regression analysis, plasma T-As concentrations showed significant relations to creatinine-adjusted T-As, dimethylarsinic acid, and arsenobetaine concentrations, but erythrocyte T-As did hardly reflect the variation of urinary arsenic species. In conclusion, creatinine-adjusted arsenic concentrations are suggested to be the most appropriate predictor of blood T-As; by contrast, use of the urinary unadjusted arsenic concentration may result in a misleading interpretation of inorganic arsenic toxicity because the associations between inorganic and organic arsenic species based on the unadjusted concentration were mutually close. Plasma T-As appeared to be the best indicator of low-level exposure in blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Takayama
- Department of Environmental and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yuko Masuzaki
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants, Inc., 1334-5 Riuemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Futoshi Mizutani
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants, Inc., 1334-5 Riuemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Toyoto Iwata
- Department of Environmental and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Eri Maeda
- Department of Environmental and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Mikako Tsukada
- Seirei Women's Junior College, 10-33 Terauchi-Takano, Akita 011-0937, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nomura
- Department of Environmental and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ito
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants, Inc., 1334-5 Riuemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Yoichi Chisaki
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants, Inc., 1334-5 Riuemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Murata
- Department of Environmental and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
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Welna M, Szymczycha-Madeja A, Pohl P. Comparison of strategies for sample preparation prior to spectrometric measurements for determination and speciation of arsenic in rice. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Effects of polishing, cooking, and storing on total arsenic and arsenic species concentrations in rice cultivated in Japan. Food Chem 2015; 168:294-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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NARUKAWA T, MATSUMOTO E, NISHIMURA T, HIOKI A. Determination of Sixteen Elements and Arsenic Species in Brown, Polished and Milled Rice. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:245-50. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro NARUKAWA
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | | | | | - Akiharu HIOKI
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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Oguri T, Yoshinaga J. [Daily inorganic arsenic intake of the Japanese estimated by a probabilistic approach]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2014; 69:177-186. [PMID: 25253519 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.69.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to estimate the inorganic arsenic (iAs) intake of the general Japanese adult population by a probabilistic approach. METHODS Bioaccessible iAs concentrations in rice (n=56) and hijiki (n=32), the two food items that are the major iAs sources for the Japanese, were measured by liquid chromatography-ICP mass spectrometry. The concentration in cooked rice was estimated from the measured concentration in a raw rice sample while taking into consideration the loss of iAs during cooking. The iAs concentration in hijiki was measured using soaked hijiki samples. The daily consumption of cooked rice and soaked hijiki was taken from published data. The distribution profile of daily iAs intake was estimated by multiplying the bioaccesible iAs concentration in cooked rice and soaked hijiki samples by the amount of these samples consumed daily, which were randomly extracted according to the respective distributions. This process was repeated 10,000 times. RESULTS The distribution profiles of iAs concentration in rice and hijiki were normal and log-normal, respectively, and those of the amount of cooked rice and soaked hijiki consumed were beta and log-normal, respectively. The daily bioaccessible iAs intake values were estimated to be 19 and 59 μg/day at 50 and 95 percentile. At 50 percentile iAs intake, the contributions from rice and hijiki were estimated to be equal, whereas the contribution from hijiki increased with the estimated total daily iAs intake. CONCLUSIONS The iAs intakes of Japanese subjects estimated in previous duplicated portion studies were fairly consistent with the present estimation. Moreover, it was confirmed that the cancer risk derived from dietary iAs intake of the general Japanese population was not negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Oguri
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Tokyo
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A fully validated method for the determination of arsenic species in rice and infant cereal products. PURE APPL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-11-09-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A full validation of inorganic arsenic (iAs), methylarsonic acid (MA), and dimethyl arsinic acid (DMA) in several types of rice and rice-based infant cereals is reported. The analytical method was developed and validated in two laboratories. The extraction of the As species was performed using nitric acid 0.2 % and hydrogen peroxide 1 %, and the coupled system liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LCICP-MS) was used for speciation measurements. Detection limit (DL), quantification limit, linearity, precision, trueness, accuracy, selectivity, as well as expanded uncertainty for iAs, MA, and DMA were established. The certified reference materials (CRMs) (NMIJ 7503a, NCS ZC73008, NIST SRM 1568a) were used to check the accuracy. The method was shown to be satisfactory in two proficiency tests (PTs). The broad applicability of the method is shown from the results of analysis of 29 samples including several types of rice, rice products, and infant cereal products. Total As ranged from 40.1 to 323.7 μg As kg–1. From the speciation results, iAs was predominant, and DMA was detected in some samples while MA was not detected in any sample.
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Arao T, Kawasaki A, Baba K, Matsumoto S. Effects of arsenic compound amendment on arsenic speciation in rice grain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:1291-1297. [PMID: 21247103 DOI: 10.1021/es1033316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Rice consumption is a major source of arsenic for Asian populations. Arsenic is present in rice grain both as inorganic arsenic and as dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). It is unclear whether DMA in rice is taken up from the soil or synthesized in planta. We investigated the effect of DMA, methylarsonic acid (MMA) and arsenite amendment on arsenic speciation in rice grain grown in soil and in solution culture. We also investigated the methylation of arsenic in solution culture under suppression of bacterial activity. When rice was grown under flooded conditions after the heading stage, DMA amendment to the soil resulted in higher DMA concentration in brown rice and rice straw. In the solution culture, not only DMA amendment but also MMA or arsenite amendment increased the DMA concentration in brown rice and rice straw. DMA was detected in the solution amended by MMA or arsenite with young rice plants. When the solution included the antibacterial agent chloramphenicol, DMA concentration in the solution decreased dramatically. When only the soil was incubated with MMA or arsenite, only a slight amount of DMA was detected in the soil. These results suggest that rice rhizosphere associated bacteria would be involved in the formation of DMA in brown rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Arao
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan.
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Narukawa T, Chiba K. Heat-assisted aqueous extraction of rice flour for arsenic speciation analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8183-8188. [PMID: 20586491 DOI: 10.1021/jf101317n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A versatile heat-assisted pretreatment aqueous extraction method for the analysis of arsenic species in rice was developed. Rice flour certified reference materials NIST SRM1568a and NMIJ CRM 7503-a and a flour made from polished rice were used as samples, and HPLC-ICP-MS was employed for the determination of arsenic species. Arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)], monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) were detected in NIST SRM, and As(III), As(V) and DMAA were found in NMIJ CRM and the prepared polished rice flour. The sums of the concentrations of all species in each rice flour sample were 97-102% of the total arsenic concentration in each sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Narukawa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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MIYASHITA S, KAISE T. Biological Effects and Metabolism of Arsenic Compounds Present in Seafood Products. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2010; 51:71-91. [DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.51.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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NISHIMURA T, HAMANO-NAGAOKA M, SAKAKIBARA N, ABE T, MAEKAWA Y, MAITANI T. Determination Method for Total Arsenic and Partial-digestion Method with Nitric Acid for Inorganic Arsenic Speciation in Several Varieties of Rice. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2010; 51:178-81. [DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.51.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Arao T, Kawasaki A, Baba K, Mori S, Matsumoto S. Effects of water management on cadmium and arsenic accumulation and dimethylarsinic acid concentrations in Japanese rice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:9361-7. [PMID: 20000530 DOI: 10.1021/es9022738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rice consumption is a major source of cadmium and arsenic for the population of Asia. We investigated the effects of water management in rice paddy on levels of cadmium and arsenic in Japanese rice grains. Flooding increased arsenic concentrations in rice grains, whereas aerobic treatment increased the concentration of cadmium. Flooding for 3 weeks before and after heading was most effective in reducing grain cadmium concentrations, but this treatment increased the arsenic concentration considerably, whereas aerobic treatment during the same period was effective in reducing arsenic concentrations but increased the cadmium concentration markedly. Flooding treatment after heading was found to be more effective than flooding treatment before heading in reducing rice grain cadmium without a concomitant increase in total arsenic levels, although it increased inorganic arsenic levels. Concentrations of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in grain were very low under aerobic conditions but increased under flooded conditions. DMA accounted for 3-52% of the total arsenic concentration in grain grown in soil with a lower arsenic concentration and 10-80% in soil with a higher arsenic concentration. A possible explanation for the accumulation of DMA in rice grains is that DMA translocates from shoots/roots to the grains more readily than does inorganic arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Arao
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan.
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