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Tasić D, Dimitrijević Z. The Role of Oxidative Stress as a Mechanism in the Pathogenesis of Acute Heart Failure in Acute Kidney Injury. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:2094. [PMID: 39335773 PMCID: PMC11431490 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14182094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite a large amount of research on synchronous and mutually induced kidney and heart damage, the basis of the disease is still not fully clarified. Healthy mitochondria are essential for normal kidney and heart function. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs when the clearance or process of generation and fragmentation of mitochondria is disturbed. The kidney is the second organ after the heart in terms of the number of mitochondria. Kidney tubules are rich in mitochondria due to the high energy requirements for absorption of large amounts of ultrafiltrate and dissolved substances. The place of action of oxidative stress is the influence on the balance in the production and breakdown of the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. A more precise determination of the place and role of key factors that play a role in the onset of the disease is necessary for understanding the nature of the onset of the disease and the creation of therapy in the future. This underscores the urgent need for further research. The narrative review integrates results found in previously performed studies that have evaluated oxidative stress participation in cardiorenal syndrome type 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Tasić
- Clinic of Nephrology Prof Dr Spira Strahinjić, University Clinical Center Niš, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
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2
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Yao BF, Luo XJ, Peng J. A review for the correlation between optic atrophy 1-dependent mitochondrial fusion and cardiovascular disorders. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127910. [PMID: 37939779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis is sustained by continuous and balanced fission and fusion, which are determinants of morphology, abundance, biogenesis and mitophagy of mitochondria. Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), as the only inner mitochondrial membrane fusion protein, plays a key role in stabilizing mitochondrial dynamics. The disturbance of mitochondrial dynamics contributes to the pathophysiological progress of cardiovascular disorders, which are the main cause of death worldwide in recent decades and result in tremendous social burden. In this review, we describe the latest findings regarding OPA1 and its role in mitochondrial fusion. We summarize the post-translational modifications (PTMs) for OPA1 and its regulatory role in mitochondrial dynamics. Then the diverse cell fates caused by OPA1 expression during cardiovascular disorders are discussed. Moreover, cardiovascular disorders (such as heart failure, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy and cardiac hypertrophy) relevant to OPA1-dependent mitochondrial dynamics imbalance have been detailed. Finally, we highlight the potential that targeting OPA1 to impact mitochondrial fusion may be used as a novel strategy against cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Feng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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3
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Chapa-Dubocq XR, Rodríguez-Graciani KM, García-Báez J, Vadovsky A, Bazil JN, Javadov S. The Role of Swelling in the Regulation of OPA1-Mediated Mitochondrial Function in the Heart In Vitro. Cells 2023; 12:2017. [PMID: 37626827 PMCID: PMC10453793 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic atrophy-1 (OPA1) plays a crucial role in the regulation of mitochondria fusion and participates in maintaining the structural integrity of mitochondrial cristae. Here we elucidate the role of OPA1 cleavage induced by calcium swelling in the presence of Myls22 (an OPA1 GTPase activity inhibitor) and TPEN (an OMA1 inhibitor). The rate of ADP-stimulated respiration was found diminished by both inhibitors, and they did not prevent Ca2+-induced mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction, membrane depolarization, or swelling. L-OPA1 cleavage was stimulated at state 3 respiration; therefore, our data suggest that L-OPA1 cleavage produces S-OPA1 to maintain mitochondrial bioenergetics in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier R. Chapa-Dubocq
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA; (X.R.C.-D.); (K.M.R.-G.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Keishla M. Rodríguez-Graciani
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA; (X.R.C.-D.); (K.M.R.-G.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Jorge García-Báez
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA; (X.R.C.-D.); (K.M.R.-G.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Alyssa Vadovsky
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1046, USA; (A.V.); (J.N.B.)
| | - Jason N. Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1046, USA; (A.V.); (J.N.B.)
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA; (X.R.C.-D.); (K.M.R.-G.); (J.G.-B.)
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Chapa-Dubocq XR, Rodríguez-Graciani KM, Escobales N, Javadov S. Mitochondrial Volume Regulation and Swelling Mechanisms in Cardiomyocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1517. [PMID: 37627512 PMCID: PMC10451443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrion, known as the "powerhouse" of the cell, regulates ion homeostasis, redox state, cell proliferation and differentiation, and lipid synthesis. The inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) controls mitochondrial metabolism and function. It possesses high levels of proteins that account for ~70% of the membrane mass and are involved in the electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, energy transfer, and ion transport, among others. The mitochondrial matrix volume plays a crucial role in IMM remodeling. Several ion transport mechanisms, particularly K+ and Ca2+, regulate matrix volume. Small increases in matrix volume through IMM alterations can activate mitochondrial respiration, whereas excessive swelling can impair the IMM topology and initiates mitochondria-mediated cell death. The opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, the well-characterized phenomenon with unknown molecular identity, in low- and high-conductance modes are involved in physiological and pathological increases of matrix volume. Despite extensive studies, the precise mechanisms underlying changes in matrix volume and IMM structural remodeling in response to energy and oxidative stressors remain unknown. This review summarizes and discusses previous studies on the mechanisms involved in regulating mitochondrial matrix volume, IMM remodeling, and the crosstalk between these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA; (X.R.C.-D.); (K.M.R.-G.); (N.E.)
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5
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Morciano G, Boncompagni C, Ramaccini D, Pedriali G, Bouhamida E, Tremoli E, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Comprehensive Analysis of Mitochondrial Dynamics Alterations in Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043414. [PMID: 36834825 PMCID: PMC9961104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common alterations affecting mitochondria, and associated with cardiac pathological conditions, implicate a long list of defects. They include impairments of the mitochondrial electron transport chain activity, which is a crucial element for energy formation, and that determines the depletion of ATP generation and supply to metabolic switches, enhanced ROS generation, inflammation, as well as the dysregulation of the intracellular calcium homeostasis. All these signatures significantly concur in the impairment of cardiac electrical characteristics, loss of myocyte contractility and cardiomyocyte damage found in cardiac diseases. Mitochondrial dynamics, one of the quality control mechanisms at the basis of mitochondrial fitness, also result in being dysregulated, but the use of this knowledge for translational and therapeutic purposes is still in its infancy. In this review we tried to understand why this is, by summarizing methods, current opinions and molecular details underlying mitochondrial dynamics in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (P.P.); Tel.: +05-32-455-802 (G.M. & P.P.)
| | | | | | - Gaia Pedriali
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (P.P.); Tel.: +05-32-455-802 (G.M. & P.P.)
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6
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Yuan Y, Zhang XM. Mechanistic study of optic atrophy 1 in ischemia-reperfusion disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1-8. [PMID: 36418744 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria consist of the inner mitochondrial membrane and the outer mitochondrial membrane, which maintain mitochondrial homeostasis through continuous fission and fusion to ensure a healthy mitochondrial network and thus regulate normal cellular function, namely mitochondrial dynamics. The imbalance between mitochondrial fusion and fission results in abnormal mitochondrial structure and eventually mitochondrial dysfunction, which is involved in the pathological process of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) is a key protein that regulates mitochondrial inner membrane fusion and ensures normal mitochondrial function by balancing mitochondrial dynamics, participating in various processes such as mitochondrial fusion, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Ischemia-induced changes in mitochondrial dynamics may be a key factor in limiting the recanalization time window and exacerbating reperfusion injury, and the mechanisms of these changes deserve further attention. Therefore, targeting OPA1-related mitochondrial fusions, thereby balancing mitochondrial dynamics and improving mitochondrial dysfunction, is a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemia-reperfusion diseases. This review will elaborate on the structure and function of OPA1 and the role of OPA1 in IRI to provide promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yuan
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China. .,Sub-health institute Hubei university of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China. .,Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion Wuhan, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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7
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Does Disruption of Optic Atrophy-1 (OPA1) Contribute to Cell Death in HL-1 Cardiomyocytes Subjected to Lethal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury? Cells 2022; 11:cells11193083. [PMID: 36231044 PMCID: PMC9564372 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of mitochondrial structure/function is well-recognized to be a determinant of cell death in cardiomyocytes subjected to lethal episodes of ischemia-reperfusion (IR). However, the precise mitochondrial event(s) that precipitate lethal IR injury remain incompletely resolved. Using the in vitro HL-1 cardiomyocyte model, our aims were to establish whether: (1) proteolytic processing of optic atrophy protein-1 (OPA1), the inner mitochondrial membrane protein responsible for maintaining cristae junction integrity, plays a causal, mechanistic role in determining cardiomyocyte fate in cells subjected to lethal IR injury; and (2) preservation of OPA1 may contribute to the well-documented cardioprotection achieved with ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and remote ischemic conditioning. We report that HL-1 cells subjected to 2.5 h of simulated ischemia displayed increased activity of OMA1 (the metalloprotease responsible for proteolytic processing of OPA1) during the initial 45 min following reoxygenation. This was accompanied by processing of mitochondrial OPA1 (i.e., cleavage to yield short-OPA1 peptides) and release of short-OPA1 into the cytosol. However, siRNA-mediated knockdown of OPA1 content did not exacerbate lethal IR injury, and did not attenuate the cardioprotection seen with IPC and a remote preconditioning stimulus, achieved by transfer of ‘reperfusate’ medium (TRM-IPC) in this cell culture model. Taken together, our results do not support the concept that maintenance of OPA1 integrity plays a mechanistic role in determining cell fate in the HL-1 cardiomyocyte model of lethal IR injury, or that preservation of OPA1 underlies the cardioprotection seen with ischemic conditioning.
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Bai Y, Wu J, Yang Z, Wang X, Zhang D, Ma J. Mitochondrial quality control in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury: new insights into mechanisms and implications. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 39:33-51. [PMID: 35951200 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current effective method for the treatment of myocardial infarction is timely restoration of the blood supply to the ischemic area of the heart. Although reperfusion is essential for reestablishing oxygen and nutrient supplies, it often leads to additional myocardial damage, creating an important clinical dilemma. Reports from long-term studies have confirmed that mitochondrial damage is the critical mechanism in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondria are dynamic and possess a quality control system that targets mitochondrial quantity and quality by modifying mitochondrial fusion, fission, mitophagy, and biogenesis and protein homeostasis to maintain a healthy mitochondrial network. The system of mitochondrial quality control involves complex molecular machinery that is highly interconnected and associated with pathological changes such as oxidative stress, calcium overload, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Because of the critical role of the mitochondrial quality control systems, many reports have suggested that defects in this system are among the molecular mechanisms underlying myocardial reperfusion injury. In this review, we briefly summarize the important role of the mitochondrial quality control in cardiomyocyte function and focus on the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms and molecular pathways involved in mitochondrial quality control in cardiac I/R damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, No.2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, No.2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu'an Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, No.2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongni Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, No.2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, No.2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Chapa-Dubocq XR, Garcia-Baez JF, Bazil JN, Javadov S. Crosstalk between adenine nucleotide transporter and mitochondrial swelling: experimental and computational approaches. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022:10.1007/s10565-022-09724-2. [PMID: 35606662 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism and function are modulated by changes in matrix Ca2+. Small increases in the matrix Ca2+ stimulate mitochondrial bioenergetics, whereas excessive Ca2+ leads to cell death by causing massive matrix swelling and impairing the structural and functional integrity of mitochondria. Sustained opening of the non-selective mitochondrial permeability transition pores (PTP) is the main mechanism responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ overload that leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Recent studies suggest the existence of two or more types of PTP, and adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) and FOF1-ATP synthase were proposed to form the PTP independent of each other. Here, we elucidated the role of ANT in PTP opening by applying both experimental and computational approaches. We first developed and corroborated a detailed model of the ANT transport mechanism including the matrix (ANTM), cytosolic (ANTC), and pore (ANTP) states of the transporter. Then, the ANT model was incorporated into a simple, yet effective, empirical model of mitochondrial bioenergetics to ascertain the point when Ca2+ overload initiates PTP opening via an ANT switch-like mechanism activated by matrix Ca2+ and is inhibited by extra-mitochondrial ADP. We found that encoding a heterogeneous Ca2+ response of at least three types of PTPs, weakly, moderately, and strongly sensitive to Ca2+, enabled the model to simulate Ca2+ release dynamics observed after large boluses were administered to a population of energized cardiac mitochondria. Thus, this study demonstrates the potential role of ANT in PTP gating and proposes a novel mechanism governing the cryptic nature of the PTP phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier R Chapa-Dubocq
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, 00936-5067, USA
| | - Jorge F Garcia-Baez
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, 00936-5067, USA
| | - Jason N Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1046, USA
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, 00936-5067, USA.
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An Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Myocardial Ischemic Injury: State of the Art and Translational Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071165. [PMID: 35406729 PMCID: PMC8998015 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in western countries. Among cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction represents a life-threatening condition predisposing to the development of heart failure. In recent decades, much effort has been invested in studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and post-ischemic cardiac remodeling. These mechanisms include metabolic alterations, ROS overproduction, inflammation, autophagy deregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review article discusses the most recent evidence regarding the molecular basis of myocardial ischemic injury and the new potential therapeutic interventions for boosting cardioprotection and attenuating cardiac remodeling.
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11
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Jang S, Chapa-Dubocq XR, Fossati S, Javadov S. Analysis of Mitochondrial Calcium Retention Capacity in Cultured Cells: Permeabilized Cells Versus Isolated Mitochondria. Front Physiol 2021; 12:773839. [PMID: 34950052 PMCID: PMC8688924 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.773839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to various pathological stimuli, such as oxidative and energy stress accompanied by high Ca2+, mitochondria undergo permeability transition (PT) leading to the opening of the non-selective PT pores (PTP) in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Opening of the pores at high conductance allows the passage of ions and solutes <1.5 kD across the membrane, that increases colloid osmotic pressure in the matrix leading to excessive mitochondrial swelling. Calcium retention capacity (CRC) reflects maximum Ca2+ overload of mitochondria that occurs just before PTP opening. Quantification of CRC is important for elucidating the effects of different pathological stimuli and the efficacy of pharmacological agents on the mitochondria. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of CRC in mitochondria isolated from H9c2 cardioblasts, and in permeabilized H9c2 cells in situ to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the CRC technique in isolated cell mitochondria vs. permeabilized cells. The cells were permeabilized by digitonin or saponin, and the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescence probe Calcium Green-5N was used in both preparations. Results demonstrated the interference of dye-associated fluorescence signals with saponin and the adverse effects of digitonin on mitochondria at high concentrations. Analysis of the CRC in permeabilized cells revealed a higher CRC in the saponin-permeabilized cells in comparison with the digitonin-permeabilized cells. In addition, the mitochondrial CRC in saponin-permeabilized cells was higher than in isolated mitochondria. Altogether, these data demonstrate that the quantification of the mitochondrial CRC in cultured cells permeabilized by saponin has more advantages compared to the isolated mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehwan Jang
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Xavier R Chapa-Dubocq
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
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12
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Alavi MV. OMA1 High-Throughput Screen Reveals Protease Activation by Kinase Inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2202-2211. [PMID: 34672515 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial proteases are interesting but challenging drug targets for multifactorial diseases, such as neurodegeneration and cancer. The mitochondrial inner membrane protease OMA1 is a bona fide drug target for heart failure supported by data from human linkage analysis and animal disease models, but presumably relevant for more indications. OMA1 acts at the intersection of energy metabolism and stress signaling. The protease cleaves the structural protein OPA1, which organizes the cristae, as well as the signaling peptide DELE1, which can stimulate the integrated stress response. OMA1 shows little activity under physiological conditions but hydrolyzes OPA1 in mitochondria destined for mitophagy and during apoptosis. Little is known about OMA1, its structure has not been solved, let alone its context-dependent regulation. Autocatalytic processing and the lack of OMA1 inhibitors are thereby creating the biggest roadblocks. This study introduces a scalable, cellular OMA1 protease assay suitable for high-throughput drug screening. The assay utilizes an engineered luciferase targeted to the inner membrane as artificial OMA1 substrate, whereby the reporter signal inversely correlates to OMA1 activity. Testing different screening protocols and sampling different compound collections validated the reporter and demonstrated that both OMA1 activators as well as OMA1 inhibitors can be identified with the assay. Ten kinase-targeted cancer drugs triggered OMA1 in the assays, which suggests─considering cardiotoxicity as a rather common side-effect of this class of drugs─cross-reactivity with the OMA1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel V. Alavi
- 712 North Inc., QB3 Incubator at UC Berkeley, 130 Stanley Hall, #3220, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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13
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Neres-Santos RS, Junho CVC, Panico K, Caio-Silva W, Pieretti JC, Tamashiro JA, Seabra AB, Ribeiro CAJ, Carneiro-Ramos MS. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiorenal Syndrome 3: Renocardiac Effect of Vitamin C. Cells 2021; 10:3029. [PMID: 34831251 PMCID: PMC8616479 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a pathological link between the kidneys and heart, in which an insult in a kidney or heart leads the other organ to incur damage. CRS is classified into five subtypes, and type 3 (CRS3) is characterized by acute kidney injury as a precursor to subsequent cardiovascular changes. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative and nitrosative stress have been reported in the pathophysiology of CRS3. It is known that vitamin C, an antioxidant, has proven protective capacity for cardiac, renal, and vascular endothelial tissues. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess whether vitamin C provides protection to heart and the kidneys in an in vivo CRS3 model. The unilateral renal ischemia and reperfusion (IR) protocol was performed for 60 min in the left kidney of adult mice, with and without vitamin C treatment, immediately after IR or 15 days after IR. Kidneys and hearts were subsequently collected, and the following analyses were conducted: renal morphometric evaluation, serum urea and creatinine levels, high-resolution respirometry, amperometry technique for NO measurement, gene expression of mitochondrial dynamic markers, and NOS. The analyses showed that the left kidney weight was reduced, urea and creatinine levels were increased, mitochondrial oxygen consumption was reduced, NO levels were elevated, and Mfn2 expression was reduced after 15 days of IR compared to the sham group. Oxygen consumption and NO levels in the heart were also reduced. The treatment with vitamin C preserved the left kidney weight, restored renal function, reduced NO levels, decreased iNOS expression, elevated constitutive NOS isoforms, and improved oxygen consumption. In the heart, oxygen consumption and NO levels were improved after vitamin C treatment, whereas the three NOS isoforms were overexpressed. These data indicate that vitamin C provides protection to the kidneys and some beneficial effects to the heart after IR, indicating it may be a preventive approach against cardiorenal insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Silva Neres-Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.S.N.-S.); (C.V.C.J.); (K.P.); (W.C.-S.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Carolina Victoria Cruz Junho
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.S.N.-S.); (C.V.C.J.); (K.P.); (W.C.-S.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Karine Panico
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.S.N.-S.); (C.V.C.J.); (K.P.); (W.C.-S.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Wellington Caio-Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.S.N.-S.); (C.V.C.J.); (K.P.); (W.C.-S.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Joana Claudio Pieretti
- Laboratory BioNanoMetals, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (J.C.P.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Juliana Almeida Tamashiro
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.S.N.-S.); (C.V.C.J.); (K.P.); (W.C.-S.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Amedea Barozzi Seabra
- Laboratory BioNanoMetals, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (J.C.P.); (A.B.S.)
| | | | - Marcela Sorelli Carneiro-Ramos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.S.N.-S.); (C.V.C.J.); (K.P.); (W.C.-S.); (J.A.T.)
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14
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Morio A, Tsutsumi R, Kondo T, Miyoshi H, Kato T, Narasaki S, Satomi S, Nakaya E, Kuroda M, Sakaue H, Kitamura T, Tsutsumi YM. Leucine induces cardioprotection in vitro by promoting mitochondrial function via mTOR and Opa-1 signaling. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2979-2986. [PMID: 34362635 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Coronary heart disease is a major global health concern. Further, severity of this condition is greatly influenced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have cardioprotective effects against I/R via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, wherein Leu is considered to particularly regulate mTOR activation. However, the mechanism underlying cardioprotective effects of Leu via mTOR activity is not fully elucidated. Here, we aimed to study the signaling pathway of cardioprotection and mitochondrial function induced by Leu treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac myocytes isolated from adult male Wistar rats were incubated and exposed to simulated I/R (SI/R) injury by replacing the air content. Cardiac myocytes were treated with Leu and subsequently, their survival rate was calculated. To elucidate the signaling pathway and mitochondrial function, immunoblots and mitochondrial permeability transition pore were examined. Cell survival rate was decreased with SI/R but improved by 160 μM Leu (38.5 ± 3.6% vs. 64.5 ± 4.2%, respectively, p < 0.001). Although rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) prevented this cardioprotective effect induced by Leu, wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor) did not interfere with this effect. In addition, we indicated that overexpression of Opa-1 and mitochondrial function are ameliorated via Leu-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. In contrast, knockdown of Opa-1 suppressed Leu-induced cardioprotection. CONCLUSION Leu treatment is critical in rendering a cardioprotective effect exhibited by BCAAs via mTOR signaling. Furthermore, Leu improved mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Morio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rie Tsutsumi
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Miyoshi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Soshi Narasaki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shiho Satomi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Erika Nakaya
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Kuroda
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakaue
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Kitamura
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signal, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yasuo M Tsutsumi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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15
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Tang J, Zhuo Y, Li Y. Effects of Iron and Zinc on Mitochondria: Potential Mechanisms of Glaucomatous Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720288. [PMID: 34447755 PMCID: PMC8383321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the most substantial cause of irreversible blinding, which is accompanied by progressive retinal ganglion cell damage. Retinal ganglion cells are energy-intensive neurons that connect the brain and retina, and depend on mitochondrial homeostasis to transduce visual information through the brain. As cofactors that regulate many metabolic signals, iron and zinc have attracted increasing attention in studies on neurons and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarize the research connecting iron, zinc, neuronal mitochondria, and glaucomatous injury, with the aim of updating and expanding the current view of how retinal ganglion cells degenerate in glaucoma, which can reveal novel potential targets for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Elucidating the contribution of mitochondrial glutathione to ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102021. [PMID: 34102574 PMCID: PMC8187237 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a programmed iron-dependent cell death associated with peroxidation of lipids particularly, phospholipids. Several studies suggested a possible contribution of mitochondria to ferroptosis although the mechanisms underlying mitochondria-mediated ferroptotic pathways remain elusive. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is a central player in ferroptosis that is required for glutathione peroxidase 4 to eliminate oxidized phospholipids. Mitochondria do not produce GSH, and although the transport of GSH to mitochondria is not fully understood, two carrier proteins, the dicarboxylate carrier (DIC, SLC25A10) and the oxoglutarate carrier (OGC, SLC25A11) have been suggested to participate in GSH transport. Here, we elucidated the role of DIC and OGC as well as mitochondrial bioenergetics in ferroptosis in H9c2 cardioblasts. Results showed that mitochondria are highly sensitive to ferroptotic stimuli displaying fragmentation, and lipid peroxidation shortly after the onset of ferroptotic stimulus. Inhibition of electron transport chain complexes and oxidative phosphorylation worsened RSL3-induced ferroptosis. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed a dramatic increase in the levels of pro-ferroptotic oxygenated phosphatidylethanolamine species in mitochondria in response to RSL3 (ferroptosis inducer) and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion. Inhibition of DIC and OGC aggravated ferroptosis and increased mitochondrial ROS, membrane depolarization, and GSH depletion. Dihydrolipoic acid, an essential cofactor for several mitochondrial multienzyme complexes, attenuated ferroptosis and induced direct reduction of pro-ferroptotic peroxidized phospholipids to hydroxy-phospholipids in vitro. In conclusion, we suggest that ferroptotic stimuli diminishes mitochondrial bioenergetics and stimulates GSH depletion and glutathione peroxidase 4 inactivation leading to ferroptosis.
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