1
|
Jourdan J, Bundschuh M, Copilaș-Ciocianu D, Fišer C, Grabowski M, Hupało K, Jemec Kokalj A, Kabus J, Römbke J, Soose LJ, Oehlmann J. Cryptic Species in Ecotoxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1889-1914. [PMID: 37314101 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The advent of genetic methods has led to the discovery of an increasing number of species that previously could not be distinguished from each other on the basis of morphological characteristics. Even though there has been an exponential growth of publications on cryptic species, such species are rarely considered in ecotoxicology. Thus, the particular question of ecological differentiation and the sensitivity of closely related cryptic species is rarely addressed. Tackling this question, however, is of key importance for evolutionary ecology, conservation biology, and, in particular, regulatory ecotoxicology. At the same time, the use of species with (known or unknown) cryptic diversity might be a reason for the lack of reproducibility of ecotoxicological experiments and implies a false extrapolation of the findings. Our critical review includes a database and literature search through which we investigated how many of the species most frequently used in ecotoxicological assessments show evidence of cryptic diversity. We found a high proportion of reports indicating overlooked species diversity, especially in invertebrates. In terrestrial and aquatic realms, at least 67% and 54% of commonly used species, respectively, were identified as cryptic species complexes. The issue is less prominent in vertebrates, in which we found evidence for cryptic species complexes in 27% of aquatic and 6.7% of terrestrial vertebrates. We further exemplified why different evolutionary histories may significantly determine cryptic species' ecology and sensitivity to pollutants. This in turn may have a major impact on the results of ecotoxicological tests and, consequently, the outcome of environmental risk assessments. Finally, we provide a brief guideline on how to deal practically with cryptic diversity in ecotoxicological studies in general and its implementation in risk assessment procedures in particular. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1889-1914. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Jourdan
- Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Denis Copilaș-Ciocianu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Hydrobionts, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Cene Fišer
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Kamil Hupało
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Kabus
- Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Römbke
- ECT Oekotoxikologie, Flörsheim am Main, Germany
| | - Laura J Soose
- Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Simon C. Correct procedure for citing taxonomic works in non-taxonomic scientific papers. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2018.1532138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Simon
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Otomo PV, Otomo LV, Bezuidenhout CC, Maboeta MS. Preliminary evidence of differences in cadmium tolerance in metal-free stocks of the standard earthworm test species Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:1119-1125. [PMID: 27151404 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To test whether metal-tolerant and metal-sensitive earthworm specimens could be an inherent part of metal-free earthworm populations, (i) we used DNA barcoding to identify and categorize earthworms from 8 populations of the standard test species Eisenia andrei, and (ii) the earthworms carrying three of the identified COI haplotypes (named Hap1, hap3 and Hap3) were paired up and exposed to Cd in order to assess the difference in Cd sensitivity between the breeding pairs. A total of six breeding pairs were exposed to 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg Cd/kg for 4 weeks at 20 °C. The survival of the breeding pairs, their change in biomass and cocoon production were assessed. For all of the endpoints assessed, the results indicated that couple 6 (Hap3 × Hap3) was the most sensitive breeding pair whereas couple 4 (Hap1 × Hap3) was the least sensitive one. The analysis of Cd tissue contents revealed that with increasing Cd concentration, Cp6 (Hap3 × Hap3) could accumulate significantly more Cd than any other breeding pair (p ≤ 0.01). Our findings indicate that E. andrei may harbour intrinsically Cd-tolerant and Cd-sensitive individuals and that this may be due to individual differences in Cd accumulation kinetics. In the context of ecotoxicological testing, our results underline the importance of using genetically diverse populations in laboratory testing to prevent generating flawed data from genetically homogeneous laboratory stocks. Although we do not regard the present mitochondrial haplotypes as proxy for possibly nuclear encoded traits, we discuss the necessity of a standardised earthworm barcoding protocol that could help not only to confirm the taxonomy of laboratory earthworm stocks but also to select genetically diverse stocks suitable for laboratory testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricks Voua Otomo
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Private Bag x13, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, South Africa.
| | - Laetitia Voua Otomo
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Carlos C Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Mark S Maboeta
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
da Silva JM, Willows-Munro S. A review of over a decade of DNA barcoding in South Africa: a faunal perspective. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2016.1151377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|