1
|
Ancestry, diversity, and genetics of health-related traits in African-derived communities (quilombos) from Brazil. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:74. [PMID: 36867305 PMCID: PMC9982798 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-00999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian quilombos are communities formed by enslaved Africans and their descendants all over the country during slavery and shortly after its abolition. Quilombos harbor a great fraction of the largely unknown genetic diversity of the African diaspora in Brazil. Thus, genetic studies in quilombos have the potential to provide important insights not only into the African roots of the Brazilian population but also into the genetic bases of complex traits and human adaptation to diverse environments. This review summarizes the main results of genetic studies performed on quilombos so far. Here, we analyzed the patterns of African, Amerindian, European, and subcontinental ancestry (within Africa) of quilombos from the five different geographic regions of Brazil. In addition, uniparental markers (from the mtDNA and the Y chromosome) studies are analyzed together to reveal demographic processes and sex-biased admixture that occurred during the formation of these unique populations. Lastly, the prevalence of known malaria-adaptive African mutations and other African-specific variants discovered in quilombos, as well as the genetic bases of health-related traits, are discussed here, together with their implication for the health of populations of African descent.
Collapse
|
2
|
Gontijo CC, Mendes FM, Santos CA, Klautau-Guimarães MDN, Lareu MV, Carracedo Á, Phillips C, Oliveira SF. Ancestry analysis in rural Brazilian populations of African descent. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2018; 36:160-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
3
|
García A, Dermarchi DA, Tovo-Rodrigues L, Pauro M, Callegari-Jacques SM, Salzano FM, Hutz MH. High interpopulation homogeneity in Central Argentina as assessed by Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs). Genet Mol Biol 2015; 38:324-31. [PMID: 26500436 PMCID: PMC4612595 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-475738320140260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The population of Argentina has already been studied with regard to several genetic markers, but much more data are needed for the appropriate definition of its genetic profile. This study aimed at investigating the admixture patterns and genetic structure in Central Argentina, using biparental markers and comparing the results with those previously obtained by us with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the same samples. A total of 521 healthy unrelated individuals living in 13 villages of the Córdoba and San Luis provinces were tested. The individuals were genotyped for ten autosomal ancestry informative markers (AIMs). Allele frequencies were compared with those of African, European and Native American populations, chosen to represent parental contributions. The AIM estimates indicated a greater influence of the Native American ancestry as compared to previous studies in the same or other Argentinean regions, but smaller than that observed with the mtDNA tests. These differences can be explained, respectively, by different genetic contributions between rural and urban areas, and asymmetric gene flow occurred in the past. But a most unexpected finding was the marked interpopulation genetic homogeneity found in villages located in diverse geographic environments across a wide territory, suggesting considerable gene flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina García
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. ; Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Darío A Dermarchi
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. ; Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maia Pauro
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. ; Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sidia M Callegari-Jacques
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francisco M Salzano
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mara H Hutz
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bazan R, Braga GP, Luvizutto GJ, Hueb JC, Hokama NK, Zanati Bazan SG, de Carvalho Nunes HR, Leite JP, Pontes-Neto OM. Evaluation of the Temporal Acoustic Window for Transcranial Doppler in a Multi-Ethnic Population in Brazil. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:2131-2134. [PMID: 25964064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to relate the presence of a temporal acoustic window (TAW) to the variables sex, age and race. This observational study was conducted in patients under etiologic investigation after stroke, sickle-cell anemia and hospitalization in an intensive therapy neurologic unit. TAW presence was confirmed by bilateral assessment by two neurologists via transcranial Doppler (TCD). Multiple logistic regression was performed to explain the presence of the window as a function of sex, age and race. In 20% of the 262 patients evaluated, a TAW was not present. The incidence of TAW presence was greater in men (odds ratio [OR] = 5.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.5-11.7, p < 0.01); lower with increased age (OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.92-0.97, p < 0.01); and lower among those of African and Asian descent (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14-0.70, p = 0.005). On the basis of the results, more men than women had TAWs, and the decrease in TAWs was associated with increased age and African or Asian descent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Bazan
- Botucatu Medical School, Department of Neurology and Department of Internal Medicine, University Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Pereira Braga
- Botucatu Medical School, Department of Neurology and Department of Internal Medicine, University Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo José Luvizutto
- Botucatu Medical School, Department of Neurology and Department of Internal Medicine, University Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - João Carlos Hueb
- Botucatu Medical School, Department of Neurology and Department of Internal Medicine, University Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Newton Key Hokama
- Botucatu Medical School, Department of Neurology and Department of Internal Medicine, University Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silméia Garcia Zanati Bazan
- Botucatu Medical School, Department of Neurology and Department of Internal Medicine, University Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hélio Rubens de Carvalho Nunes
- Botucatu Medical School, Department of Neurology and Department of Internal Medicine, University Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Pereira Leite
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Octávio Marques Pontes-Neto
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
A general introduction to the origins and history of Latin American populations is followed by a systematic review of the data from molecular autosomal assessments of the ethnic/continental (European, African, Amerindian) ancestries for 24 Latin American countries or territories. The data surveyed are of varying quality but provide a general picture of the present constitution of these populations. A brief discussion about the applications of these results (admixture mapping) is also provided. Latin American populations can be viewed as natural experiments for the investigation of unique anthropological and epidemiological issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Mauro Salzano
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mónica Sans
- Departamento de Antropología Biológica, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gontijo CC, Guerra Amorim CE, Godinho NMO, Toledo RCP, Nunes A, Silva W, Da Fonseca Moura MM, De Oliveira JCC, Pagotto RC, De Nazaré Klautau-Guimarães M, De Oliveira SF. Brazilian quilombos: A repository of Amerindian alleles. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 26:142-50. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Carvalho Gontijo
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Guerra Amorim
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Neide Maria Oliveira Godinho
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
- Instituto de Criminalística Leonardo Rodrigues; 74425-030 Goiânia GO Brazil
| | - Rafaela Cesare Parmezan Toledo
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Adriana Nunes
- Departamento de Arqueologia; Universidade Federal de Rondônia; 76801-059 Porto Velho RO Brazil
| | - Wellington Silva
- Faculdade Adventista da Bahia; Caixa Postal 18 44300-000 Cachoeira BA Brazil
| | | | | | - Rubiani C. Pagotto
- Departamento de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Rondônia; 76801-059 Porto Velho RO Brazil
| | - Maria De Nazaré Klautau-Guimarães
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Silviene Fabiana De Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine; University of Connecticut Health Center; 06032 Farmington CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
SummaryA high occurrence rate of consanguineous marriages may favour the onset and increased frequency of autosomal recessive diseases in a population. The population of Monte Santo, Bahia, Brazil, has a high frequency of rare genetic diseases such as mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, whose observed frequency in this population is 1:5000, while the incidence of this disease recorded in other regions of the world varies from 1:43,261 in Turkey to 1:1,505,160 in Switzerland. To verify the influence of consanguineous marriage on the increased frequency of observed genetic diseases in this population, the population structure and frequency of different types of marriage during different time periods were evaluated. A total of 9765 marriages were found in an analysis of parish marriage records from the city. Over three periods, 1860–1895, 1950–1961 and 1975–2010, the inbreeding rates were 37.1%, 13.2% and 4.2% respectively. Although there was a high rate of inbreeding, endogamic marriages were the dominant marriage type in all three periods. In the most recent period, there was an increase in the number of exogamous marriages and those among immigrants, but most of these occurred among individuals from cities that neighbour Monte Santo. The low rate of migration and high frequency of endogamic and consanguineous marriages show that growth of this population is predominantly internal and could explain the occurrence, and increase in frequency, of recessive genetic diseases in the city.
Collapse
|
8
|
Almeida RC, Gandolfi L, De Nazaré Klautau‐Guimarães M, Ferrari Í, Sousa SM, Abe‐Sandes K, Barbosa AA, Simões AL, Pratesi R, Oliveira SF. Does celiac disease occur in Afro‐derived Brazilian populations? Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:710-2. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo C. Almeida
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Pesquisa em Doença Celíaca, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Lenora Gandolfi
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Pesquisa em Doença Celíaca, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Maria De Nazaré Klautau‐Guimarães
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Íris Ferrari
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Sandra M.B. Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Kiyoko Abe‐Sandes
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana A.L. Barbosa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo L. Simões
- Campus Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Genética, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Pratesi
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Pesquisa em Doença Celíaca, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Silviene F. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|